Objective To study the genomic molecular organization and genotype of human astro-virus infected infants in Shanghai of China. Methods Based on the published genomic sequence of HAstV (GenBank), the whole genome of one isolate human astrovirus was sequenced by specific primers. The PCR-products were cloned to pMD18-T vector and sequenced, phylogenetic tree was constructed by the Neighbor-Joining method with MEGA 4 software. Results The genome of HAstV-SH is 6807 hp, contains three ORFs: ORF1a and 1b encode the non-structural protein (from 83 nt to 4372 nt), ORF2 encodes the structural protein (from 4364 nt to 6727 nt). Compared with the ORF2 gene of those eight astrovirus sero-types in GenBank, revealed that the highest homology is with genotype 1 (97%). Homology with other gen-otypes ranged between 63% and 70%. Conclusion HAstV-SH belonged to genotype 1 and closely clus-tered with a strain of Japan (AB009985).

Objective To investigate the safety and effect of high intensity focused ultrasound ablation(HIFU) on residual liver cancer in patients after radiotherapy. Methods Twenty liver cancer patients with twenty five residual tumors after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy or stereotactic radiotherapy received HIFU ablation. Liver function and periphery blood cell counts were performed before HIFU and at 1 week after HIFU in all patients. Enhanced MRI and α-fetoprotein (AFP) level were performed before HIFU and at 2 weeks after HIFU to evaluate the effect of HIFU ablation. The survival of all patients was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results The mean follow-up time was (12.6 ± 8.0)months. The median survival time and 1-year survival rate were 22 months and 87.5% respectively. No skin burns were observed in all patients. As compared with before HIFU,there were no significant differences in the levels of albumin,alanine transarninase, aspartate transarninase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, blood red cell counts,blood white cell counts and blood platelet counts at 1 week after HIFU (paired t test, P =0. 156,0. 356,0. 203,0.659,0. 531,0. 519,0. 310,0. 346, respectively). Significant difference in AFP level of 9 patients with AFP＞20 μg/L was observed before HIFU and 2 weeks after HIFU (paired t test, P =0.030). Among 25 residual liver tumors,sixteen with complete ablation and six with ablation volume of ≥80% were observed by enhanced MRI at 2 weeks after HIFU. Conclusions HIFU may be a safe and effective new method to ablate residual liver cancer after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy or stereotactic radiotherapy.

Objective To investigate the changes of immunity in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Methods HIFU system was used to treat 21 patients with mid-advanced HCC. The blood tests of cellular and humoral immunity related indexes were made before and on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st day following the sonication. The histological changes of the target lesions were observed by light and electron microscope for the cases undergoing second stage operation. Results Light and electron microscope all revealed that HIFU could lead to irreversible changes in the tumor cells of the target lesions. There were not significant differences between the values of CD 3, CD 4, CD 8, CD 16, IgG, IgA, IgM,etc. before and after the ablation. Conclusions HIFU could destroy the tissues of HCC effectively. HIFU could not change the immunity of the patients with mid-advanced HCC remarkably. It may be ideal to unite immunotherapy and the other methods to get a sound clinical prognosis for HCC patients.

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound ablation in treatment of uterine fibroids. Methods Ninety-nine patients with 117 leiomyomas in total treated by Haifu JC focused ultrasound tumor therapeutic system were enrolled in prospective and non-randomized clinical trial in First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Academy of Military Medical Sciences. Ultrasound ablation was performed guided by real-time ultrasonography under conscious sedation for single session. All patients were followed up at 6 months after treatment. On the day of treatment and after 1 month, patients were given by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) exam to evaluate the effect of fibroids ablation. At 3 and 6months after treatment, the ratio of ablated area and volume reduction of fibroids more than 50% were evaluated by MRI exam again. The symptoms improvements were evaluated by uterine fibroid symptom (UFS) and complications were analyzed by guideline of society of international radiation (SIR). Results The average ablated area ratio of the target fibroid was (76 ± 24)%. The average reduction in fibroid volume determined by MRI at 3 and 6 months after treatment was (45 ± 21)% and (59 ± 26)%. Which were significantly decreased than those before treatment (P < 0. 05). At 6 months after treatment, 84. 6% (99/117) of patients showed more than 50% volume reduction, the rate of improved symptom score was 92%(66/72). All patients could resume normal daily activities at 2 hours after treatment. The adverse reactions of SIR C - D included delayed hospitalization, repeat treatment and increased level of nursing. E - F included permanent sequelae and death. In this study, no adverse reactions of C - F were recorded. Common complications (SIR A- B, only observation or simple management without sequelae) were 35% (35/99).Four cases with adverse reactions B of SIR were found, including 2 cases with skin burning of degree Ⅱ and 2 cases with febrile, they were administered by symptomatic therapy and changing dressing The other adverse reaction A of SIR included sorness of buttock, vaginal discharge, dysuria and painful urination, they were only suggested by follow-up. Conclusion It was efficacy and safe that ultrasound ablation as a single strategy were used in treatment of uterine fibroids.

Objective To investigate the accuracy and application value of the Tada formula in evalua-ting the meningioma volume based on 3D reconstruction technology.Methods The thin-slice magnetic reso-nance images of 297 patients with meningioma treated in the neurosurgery department of 940 Hospital of PLA Joint logistics Support Force from January 2014 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The meningioma volume was evaluated by the Tada formula method and three-dimensional reconstruction method respectively.The accuracy of the evaluation of meningeal tumor volume by the Tada formula was analyzed by grouping sta-tistics.Results In the whole sample and the concentrated sample,the obtained meningioma total volumes had no statistical difference between the two methods(P＞0.05),the Spearman correlation coefficients were 0.995 and 0.993 respectively,and the intragroup correlation coefficients(ICC)were 0.992 and 0.989,respec-tively.In the Bland-Altman plot,most of the data points were within the limit of uniformity.Compared with different groups,the Tada formula had a slightly lower accuracy in the volume assessment of meningiomas with higher degree of irregularity,and a better accuracy in the volume assessment of supratentorial meningio-mas than subtentorial meningiomas.Conclusion The Tada formula could accurately evaluate the volume of meningioma,and it could be used as a preliminary method to evaluate meningioma volume in clinic

Objective To explore the chemical basis of Shenxianshengmai oral liquid.Method UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS technology was used to identify the chemical components of Shenxianshengmai oral liquid.The chromatographic separation was performed on a Thermo Accucore aQ C18 column(150 mm×2.1 mm,2.6 μm)with mobile phase gradient elution of 0.1%formic acid aqueous solution(A)and methanol(B)for 0-13 min,5%-60%B;13-27 min,60%-95%B;27-30 min,95%B,the flow rate was 0.3 mL·min-1,and the column temperature was at 30℃.The mass spectrometry was performed by heating electrospray ionization(H-ESI)with positive and negative ion scanning modes.The scanning range was m/z 120-1800,and the collision energies were 30 eV,50 eV and 70 eV.Result A total of 160 components were identified,including 29 flavonoids,24 organic acids,21 alkaloids,19 terpenoids,15 phenylpropanoids,12 saponins and 40 other components.Six chemical constituents(rutin,psoralenoside,isopsoralenoside,psoralen,isopsoralen and bakuchiol)were confirmed by comparison with reference substances.Conclusion In this study,an UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS method has been established for accurate,rapid and systematic identification of the constituents in Shenxian Shengmai oral liquid,which provides an important basis for clarifying the chemical basis and quality control.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) on tumor metastasis in mouse model bearing melanoma xenograft.

METHODSMice bearing murine melanoma B16-F10 cell xenograft were randomized for sham-HIFU or HIFU exposure when the tumors grew to a maximum diameter of 7-10 mm, and the tumor size was measured every 3 days. The cumulative survival rate of the mice and tumor metastasis rate were calculated, and the circulating melanoma cells were detected using qRT-PCR. At 14 days after HIFU treatment, B16-F10 cells were retransplanted via the tail vein and the pulmonary metastatic nodules were counted.

RESULTSThe median survival time of the mice was 19.00 days (95% CI 17.14-20.86 days) in the sham group and 26.00 days (95%CI 24.76-27.25 days) in HIFU group. The cumulative survival rate in the HIFU group was significantly higher than that in sham-HIFU group (P<0.01), and the tumor size was significantly smaller in HIFU group at 20, 23, and 26 days after HIFU treatment (P<0.05). Compared with the sham-HIFU group, HIFU group had significantly lower levels of MAGE-A3, MART1 and PAX3 at 7 days after HIFU (P<0.05) with still lower MAGE-A3 level at 14 days (P<0.05). HIFU group showed a significantly smaller number of pulmonary metastatic nodules following tumor cell retransplantation than in sham-HIFU group (P<0.01) with a metastasis inhibition rate of 42.4%.

CONCLUSIONHIFU treatment can inhibit tumor metastasis in melanoma-bearing mice possibly by reducing tumor cell detachment from the primary tumor site and suppressing colonization of the circulating melanoma cells.

Animals ; High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation ; Melanoma, Experimental ; therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; prevention & control ; Survival Rate

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of HIFU ablation for uterine fibroids in patients with abdominal surgical scars in acoustic pathway causing acoustic attenuation width ＜10 mm.Methods Totally 861 patients with uterine fibroids were referred for HIFU treatment and underwent contrast-enhanced MR scans before and after HIFU ablation.Among all patients,202 had abdominal surgical scars causing width ＜10 mm acoustic attenuation (abdominal scars group) and 659 had no abdominal surgical scars (without abdominal scars group).The outcomes,intra-operative adverse reactions and post-operative complications between the two groups were compared.Results HIFU ablation was successfully performed in all patients.The volume ablation rate was (80.31 ± 18.16)％ in abdominal scars group and (79.60±17.57)％ in without abdominal scars group (P＝0.620).The rate of ‘hot'skin sensation during HIFU procedure in abdominal scars group (52.97％ [107/202]) was higher than that in without abdominal scars group (41.58％ [274/ 659];P＝0.004).Anterior abdominal wall edema was found in 40 cases (40/202,19.80％) in abdominal scars group and 98 cases (98/659,14.87％) in without abdominal scars group on post-operation MRI (P＝ 0.095).Conclusion Prior abdominal surgical scars in acoustic pathway causing width ＜10 mm acoustic attenuation has not significantly influence on the efficacy and safety of HIFU treatment for uterine fibroid.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of the new investigational drug pegylated interferon α-2b (Peg-IFN-α-2b) (Y shape, 40 kD) injection (180 µg/week) combined with ribavirin in the treatment of patients with genotype 1/6 chronic hepatitis C (CHC), with standard-dose Peg-IFN-α-2a combined with ribavirin as a positive control. Methods: A multicenter, randomized, open-label, and positive-controlled phase III clinical trial was performed. Eligible patients with genotype 1/6 CHC were screened out and randomly divided into Peg-IFN-α-2b(Y shape, 40kD) group and Peg-IFN-α-2a group at a ratio of 2:1. The patients in both groups were given oral ribavirin for 48 weeks in addition and then followed up for 24 weeks after drug withdrawal. Abbott Real Time HCV Genotype II was used to determine HCV genotype, and Cobas TaqMan quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure HCV RNA level at 0, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 weeks. Adverse events were recorded in detail. The primary efficacy endpoint was sustained virological response (SVR), and a non-inferiority test was also performed. Results: A total of 561 patients with genotype 1/6 CHC were enrolled, among whom 529 received treatment; 90.9% of these patients had genotype 1 CHC. The data of the full analysis set showed that SVR rate was 69.80% (95% CI 65.00%-74.60%) in the trial group and 74.16% (95% CI 67.73%-80.59%) in the control group (P = 0.297 0). The data of the per protocol set (PPS) showed that SVR rate was 80.63% (95% CI 76.04%-85.23%) in the trial group and 81.33% (95% CI 75.10%-87.57%) in the control group (P = 0.849 8), and the 95% CI of rate difference conformed to the non-inferiority standard. The analysis of the PPS population showed that of all subjects, 47.9% achieved rapid virologic response, with a positive predictive value of 93.8%. The incidence rate of adverse events was 96.30% in the trial group and 94.94% in the control group, and the incidence rate of serious adverse events was 5.13% in the trail group and 5.06% in the control group. Conclusion In the regimen of Peg-IFN-α combined with ribavirin for the treatment of genotype 1/6 CHC, the new investigational drug Peg-IFN-α-2b(Y shape, 40 kD) has comparable clinical effect and safety to the control drug Peg-IFN-α-2a.