70%) were group R. The distal LAD flow signal could be observed in all cases in group N and 6 cases in group R. The PVd, PVs and DSVR had no significant difference between group N and the controls. The PVd and DSVR were significantly lower in patients of group R than those in patients of group N and the controls. Conclusions Monitoring of the distal LAD flow velocity by TTCDE was useful in the noninvasive assessment of re-stenosis after stent intervention for the LAD lesions.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the application of acid inhibitors in our hospital and to provide reference for rational use of drugs in the clinic. METHODS:The consumption sum and DDDs of acid inhibitors in our hospital from 2005 to 2009 were statistically analyzed with the method of DDD analysis. RESULTS:Consumption sum of acid inhibitors in our hospital increased year by year,especially for proton pump inhibitor. Consumption sum of H2 receptor antagonist decreased year by year. Omeprazole and pantoprazole took up the top place of DDDs order. Rank ratio of pantoprazole had been kept at 1 for five years with sound synchrony. DUI of these drug were no more than 1,which meant rational drug use. CONCLUSION:The acid inhibitors in our hospital are applied rationally and safe and highly effective proton pump inhibitor is the best choice in the clinic.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of mitral valve quantitative(MVQ)soft ware,select the significant parameters in diagnosing mitral valve prolapse and analysis the mechanism of mitral valve regurgitation by MVQ in clinical.Methods Live three dimensional transesophageal echocardiography was performed on thirty-one patients,in which 13 patients with mitral valve prolapse,another 18 patients with suspected intracardiac thrombosis without mitral valve regurgitation regarded as control group.The images were stored and processed with MVQ soft ware off line.Eighteen parameters of mitral valve structure were measured in mitral valve 3D mode.Results Comparing with the control group,the parameters of mitral valve annulus of mitral valve prolapse were larger significantly(P＜0.05).Seven parameters of mitral valve leaflets,θant,θpost,θNPA,Htent,Vtent,L2DALPm,θAv-Mv,had no significant difference between tWO groups(P＞0.05).L3Dant,L3Dpost,Hprol,Vprol,A3Dpost,A3Dant of mitral valve prolapse were larger than those of control group(P＜0.05).Conclusions MVQ can measure the parameters of mitral valve stereo structure quantitatively,result in more detailed diagnosis of mitral valve disease by echocardiography,provide more important information to surgeons,and help them to formulate detailed and complete operation scheme.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of coronary flow velocity reserve(CFVR) measured by color Doppler coronary flow imaging(CFI) in the patients with myocardial bridging(MB) of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery and to analyze coronary hemodynamic changes and clinical significance of the LAD MB. Methods Consecutive 110 patients with suspected or known coronary disease were examinated by coronary angiography(CA), coronary intravascular ultrasound(IVUS) and intracoronary Doppler(ICD). Of these patients, 11 cases were diagnosed as MB of LAD. The LAD flow were measured by CFI at baseline and hyperemic conditions (intravenous administration of adenosine 140 μg·kg-·min-)and CFVR were calculated. Compared with the measurements of ICD, the accuracy of CFI was analyzed. Nine normal cases served as control group. Results The prevalence of MB was 10% in this study. Seven eases presented with stable angina. MB located in the middle segment of LAD in 7 cases and in the middle-distal segment of LAD in 2 cases. The ratio of LAD stenosis was greater than 80% in 2 cases, one of them simultaneously combined with circumflex stenosis(90 %). CA showed no significant stenosis in 9 cases (MB group) in the LAD and IVUS showed no plaque. Flow velocities were measured by CFI in the middle-distal LAD in nine patients without significant stenosis. CFVR calculated by average peak velocity well correlated with those measured by ICD (regression equation: Y=0.87 X+0.39; correlation coefficient: r=0.81,P<0.01). The coronary flow velocities in hyperemic conditions were significantly lower in MB group than in control group. CFVR were also significantly lower in MB group than in control group. Conclusions CFI is an accurate method for assessment of CFVR. Decreased CFVR of patients with MB may be one of the causes of angina pectoris.

Objective: To evaluate the cytotoxicity of nano-hydroxyapatite. Methods: Mouse lung fibroblast L-929 and primary cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblast-like cells (PDLF) were cultured in the medium of extraction of nano-hydroxyapatite or commerce hydroxyapatite at 100%,50%,10% and 0% (control) respectively.Cell growth was tested by MTT assay and the cell relative growth rate (RGR) was calculated.The cytotoxicity was graded by generally accepted standard.Results: RGR of both cell lines cultured in nano-hydroxyapatite extraction was higher than that in control HA. In 7-day culture the cytotoxicity grade of HA was 1 in 100% of HA extraction medium and 0 in 100% of nano-hydroxyapatite extraction,or in 50% and 10% of nano-hydroxyapatite or control HA extraction medium.Primarily cultured PDLF showed lower RGR than L-929 under the same condition. Conclusion: Nano-HA do not have cytotoxic effect.

Objective To explore the dynamic changes of abdominal and peripheral arteries in the patients with familial hypercholesterolemia(FH). Methods The intima-media thickness(IMT), stenotic degree and hemodynamics change of arteries were measured by ultrasonography in three children in 3 FH pedigrees. Results The plaques number and IMT of carotid and femoral arteries in the patients with FH significantly increased. The IMT of vertebral artery, subclavein artery, abdominal aorta, renal artery, illac artery and popliteal artery did not obviously changed. Conclusion Noninvasive vascular ultrasound was a preferred imaging technique to follow up the vascular change in the patients with FH.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of ureteroscopy combined with ESWL for the treatment of ureteral stone.Methods From October 2005 to June 2007,a total of 256 patients with ureteral stones were treated in our hospital.The calculus in the middle and lower ureter were removed by ureteroscopy,while the stones in the upper ureter was treated by ESWL.For the cases that failed ureteroscopy or those who had residual stones after the treatment,ESWL was performed as a supplement.ResultsIn the patients with lower ureteral stones,the one-stage cure rate was 98.2%(167/170),while in those with middle and upper ureteral calculi,the rate was 89.2%(50/56) and 73.3%(22/30) respectively.Three patients developed perforation of the ureter during the surgery,and one had mucosal injury of the ureter.One case was converted to open surgery because of perforation of the ureter resulted from ureteral twist.Twelve patients were failed ureteroscopy or had residual stones,and received ESWL as the second-stage treatment,11(91.7%) of them were cured afterwards.Conclusions Ureteroscopy is effective for middle and lower ureteral stones.For the cases failed the operation or have residual calculi,ESWL is a good choice.

Sleep and memory are the basic function of the brain. A large number of studies from both humans and animals experiments have offered a substantive body of evidence supporting that sleep contributes crucially to memory consolidation. The processes of memory consolidation in hippocampus and cortex during sleep was reviewed and the primary cellular and molecular mechanism were briefly introduced.

It is well believed that learning and memory is one of the functions of sleep.Not only does the sleep after learning aid memory consolidation, but enough sleep before learning is necessary for memory formation.Due to the net increase in synaptic strength, waking plasticity has a cost in terms of energy requirements, space requirements, and progressively saturates the capacity to learning.The review will focus on the role of sleep which is to downscale synaptic strength to a baseline level that is beneficial for learning and memory.