AIM: To compare the effectiveness on 10g/L cyclopentolate and 10g/L atropine on cycloplegia in children before optometry.
METHODS:Eighty eyes of 40 children among 4-12 years old with refractive error were recruited in this study. 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops were topically administered once per 5min for 3 times and optometry was performed after 45min. Three days after that, 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel then was used 3 times per day for consecutive 3d and again the refractive diopter was obtained at the 4th d. The differences of the results in retinoscopy refraction were compared between 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops and 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel.
RESULTS: Therefraction results of those given 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops and 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel were no statistical different in both 4-8 years group and 9-12 years group with myopia (≤-3. 00D) (P=0. 411, 0. 924). The differences of refraction results of both the drugs were significant in 4 - 8 years group with low hypermetropia, medium hypermetropia and high hypermetropia (P=0. 007, 0. 007, 0. 009). No significant difference was found in 9 - 12 years group with low hypermetropia (P= 0. 592), given 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops and 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel, but the differences of refraction results of both the ophthalmic preparations above were significant in 9-12 years group with medium and high hypermetropia (P=0. 039, 0. 012).
CONCLUSION:Both 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops and 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel have the cycloplegic effects, but their cycloplegic effects are significant different among hypermetropia children. Thus, the reasonable cycloplegic should be chosen according to the specific situation.

Background Researches demonstrated that ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) can enhance survival and promote differentiation of neutron.Meanwhile,CNTF also is thought to play an important role in the development of visual pathway.But,less studies are reported in the relationship of CNTF and form deprivation amblyopia.Objective This study was to investigate the expressions of CNTF in visual cortex area 17 in form deprivation amblyopia model.Methods Twelve 4-week-old cats were randomized into normal group and form deprivation amblyopia group.Monocular form deprivation amblyopic models were established in 6 cats by eyelids suture method.Pattern visual evoked potential(P-VEP) was recorded to evaluate the amblyopic models 16 weeks later following the eyelids suturing.Then,bilateral visual cortex tissue was incised at a vertical in sagittal axis fashion to prepare the section.Nissl staining was used to detect the morphologies of neurons.Expression of CNTF in Ⅰ-Ⅵ layers of visual cortex area 17 was located and quantified by immunochemistry.The positive cell number and gray scale for CNTF were calculated and compared between two groups.The use of the animals complied with Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Coucerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results Compared with the normal group,P-VEP amplitude was significantly reduced (6.11 ±1.56 μV vs.11.42±t.92 μV) and latency was significantly prolonged(75.77±9.83 ms vs.58.56±7.17 ms) in the form deprivation amblyopia group (t=5.272,3.464,P＜0.05).Nissl staining showed that the number of neurons in the form deprivation amblyopia group was less than that in the normal group.In the form deprivation amblyopia group,neurons became shrinkage and turned round,cytoplasmic processes get shortened,and the nucleus became small.The number of Nissl bodies was decreased.lmmunochemistry showed the positive neutrons for CNTF in Ⅰ-Ⅵ layers of visual cortex area 17 in hoth normal cats and model cats with the more positive cells in Ⅱ-Ⅳ layers.Compared with the normal group,the positive cell number for CNTF was significantly reduced in Ⅱ-Ⅳ layers of visual cortex area 17 in the form deprivation amblyopia group (Ⅱ layer:95.93±8.24 vs.116.25±6.52;I layer:102.65±7.45 vs.125.23±8.21;Ⅳ layer:l10.65±6.85 vs.139.54±4.26) (t=4.737,4.989,8.773,P＜0.05).In addition,the gray scale of CNTF positive cells was significantly lower in Ⅱ-Ⅳ layers of visual cortex area 17 in the form deprivation amblyopia group than that the normal group (Ⅱ layer:106.98 ± 8.86 vs.138.65 ± 6.38 ; Ⅲ layer:109.56 ± 8.69 vs.149.59 ±8.55;Ⅳ layer:l16.65 ±9.52 vs.155.76±9.87) (t=7.105,8.043,6.986,P＜0.05).Both CNTF positive cell number and gray scale in Ⅰ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ layers of visual cortex area 17 had no significant differences between two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions Form deprivation in critical period of a new born animal may lead to distributing abnormality of CNTF in visual cortex,which maybe play a role in the development of form deprived amblyopia.

Adamantinoma ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Humerus ; Ilium ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Sarcoma, Ewing ; pathology ; Sarcoma, Synovial ; pathology ; Tibia ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy on pain in postmenopausal osteoporosis treated with the warm acupuncture therapy and discuss its effect mechanism.

METHODSNinety cases of postmenopausal osteoporosis were randomized into a warm acupuncture group, an electroacupuncture group and a medication group, 30 cases in each group. In the warm acupuncture group and the electroacupuncture group, Dazhu (BL 11), Shenshu (BL 23) and Xuanzhong (GB 39) were selected bilaterally and stimulated with the warm acupuncture and electroacupuncture therapies respectively, once a day for 30 days totally. In the medication group, caltrate-D tablets were prescribed, 600 mg, once a day for 30 days totally. The changes in the bone density T value, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, serum insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) were observed before and after treatment in the three groups.

RESULTS(1) The bone density T value in the patients of postmenopausal osteoporosis did not change obviously after 30 days treatment with the three therapies; (2) VAS score was all reduced after treatment, in which, the result in the warm acupuncture group was the most obvious (6.73 +/- 0.24 before treatment vs 4.43 +/- 0.26 after treatment). The value after treatment in the warm acupuncture group was different significantly as compared with the electroacupuncture group (5.13 +/- 0.31) and the medication group (5.17 +/- 0.33, both P < 0.05). (3) The level of serum IGF-1 was improved after treatment in the warm acupuncture therapy [(119.5 +/- 20.1) ng/mL before treatment vs (156.5 +/- 23.9) ng/mL after treatment], which was more apparent as compared with the electroacupuncture group [(136.3 +/- 24.5) ng/mL] and the medication group [(127.7 +/- 22.1) ng/mL, all P < 0.05]. Concerning to reducing the levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in serum, the results in the warm acupuncture group were superior to the other two groups (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe warm acupuncture therapy achieves the significant efficacy on pain in postmenopausal osteoporosis, which could be related to increasing the level of IGF-1, decreasing the levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha, promoting bone formation and inhibting bone absorption.

Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Bone Density ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; blood ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Pain Management ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

Objective To observe the effect of splenectomy on mortality and brain water content of rats with brain injury so as to explore novel way for better clinical management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Methods Adult male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, ie, sham operation on brain and spleen (Group A, n = 23), experimental brain trauma & sham operation on spleen (Group B, n =48) and experimental brain injury & splenectomy (Group C, n = 47). Modified Feeney' s method was used to create the animal model of experimental brain trauma, Longa' s scale was applied to evaluate the neurologic defect. Mortality within seven days following brain injury was calculat-ed. In the meantime, the brain water content was detected at days 1 (n = 8), 2 (n = 8), 3 (n = 8) and 7 (n = 7) after brain injury in each group, Results No statistical difference of Longs' s scale was found between Group B and Group C (P > 0.05). The mortalities within seven days after brain injury were 0%, 35.42 and 14.89% in Groups A, B and C respectively, with statistical difference between groups (P<0.05). The brain water content of Groups B and C at days 1, 2, 3 and 7 were (81.98±0.35)% & (81.78±0.41)%, (82.58±0.63)% & (81.81±0.48)% (P<0.05),(82.54±0.54)% & (81.52±0.84)% (P<0.05) and (81.50±0.41)% & (81.21±0.36)% (P>0.05) respectively. Conclusion Splenectomy can effectively reduce brain water content and significantly decrease mortality in rata with brain injury.

Background and purpose:Intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT) can significantly improve the dosimetric distribution of both the target and organs at risk compared to tangential irradiation for whole breast. However,its optimized methods remain different and conflicting for many radiotherapy institutions.In order to achieve the optimized planning of IMRT for the irradiation of intact breast,we investigated different optimizing methods in three dimensional radiotherapy planning system.Methods:Ten patients with early-stage breast cancer after breast conserving surgery were eligible for the study.Two kinds of plans were performed on each patient in three-dimensional treatment planning system,inverse planning IMRT and forward planning IMRT which included 3 different optimizing methods as manual optimizing(MO),multiple points optimizing(PO) and automated inverse optimizing(AO).Various parameters were used to evaluate the efficacy of different IMRT plans.All plans were compared using dose volume histograms(DVH) for the planning target volume(PTV) and organs at risk(OARs).Results:For MO,PO,AO forward plans and inverse plans,median number of segments were 5,5.5,5 and 20 respectively,and mean total MU were 225.8, 228.4,226.4 and 345.8 MU,respectively.Comparing the different forward planning optimizations,the best target coverage and dose homogeneity of PTV was observed in AO plans(P(?)0.01),and PO and AO plans showed a better reduction of OARs exposure compared with MO plans(P(?)0.05).A further improvement of dose homogeneity in the PTV and better sparing of OARs was achieved using inverse planning(P(?)0.05).Conclusion:Forward planning IMRT with AO optimization for intact breast irradiation could provide both efficacy and dosimetric advantages better than others.The inverse IMRT plan showed more potential in improving the dosimetric outcomes.However,further studies are required for inverse optimizing plans.

Objective To investigate the incidence of nosocomial infection ( NI) in the hospital, analyze the related factors, and provide a scientific basis for reducing the incidence of NI.Methods A total of 37 744 inpatients from Jul 2008 to Jun 2009 were retrospectively analyzed, of which 862 inpatients suffering from NI.Results The rate of NI was 2.55% , the highest infected rate was in ICU(41.43% ).The susceptible ages were 60 above and 1 below, the infection rates were 4.11% and 3.36%.The infection rate of patients hospitalized for more than 20 d was 10.66%.Conclusions The rate of NI was 2.55% , the highest infected rate was in ICU(41.43% ).The susceptible ages were 60 above and 1 below, the infection rates were 4.11% and 3.36%.The infection rate of patients hospitalized for more than 20d was 10.66%.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of adenovirus-mediated endostatin gene transfer on transplanted lung cancer in mice and its mechanism of action.

METHODSTransplant tumor model was induced by subcutaneous inoculation of 2 x 10(6) Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cells into the back of C57BL/6 mice. The mice were treated by intratumoral injection of 2 x 10(9) pfu Ad-mEndostatin. The expression of endostatin in situ and its maintaining time were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot, respectively. The endostatin level in serum was determined by ELISA . The inhibition of tumor growth and changes of survival were recorded and the microvessel density (MVD) was determined by histochemical stainingwith CD31 and CD105 antibodies. The tumor apoptosis was observed by electron microscopy.

RESULTSIn comparison with controls, intratumoral injection of Ad-mEndostatin significantly inhibited the tumor growth and metastasis, and prolonged the survival rate of mice (P < 0.05). Strong positive expression of mEndostatin was seen in the tumor tissue after injection of Ad-mEndostatin, immunhistochemically ostained by mouse endostatin monoclonal antibody, while the control groups showed only very low expression or absence. Serum endostatin concentration was 1540 +/- 560 ng/ml at the second week of administration, the expression of endostatin diminished a month later. The microvessel density (MVD)) decreased from 42.4 +/- 4.8 to 10.5 +/- 3.2 per x 200 magnificetion microscopic field by CD10 staining and from 68.5 +/- 4.5 to 37.5 +/- 4.6 by CD31 staining, respectively (P < 0.05). More apoptotic tumor cells were seen under the transmission electron microscope.

CONCLUSIONEndostatin gene therapy mediated by adenoviral vector efficiently induces expression of endostatin in vivo, and inhibits the growth and metastasis of tumor. It is concluded that its action is targeted to tumor neovasculature and the mechanism is inhibition of tumor angiogenesis.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Lewis Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Endostatins ; genetics ; metabolism ; therapeutic use ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microvessels ; pathology ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; pathology ; Random Allocation ; Transfection ; Tumor Burden

OBJECTIVETo establish a method of microscopic identification of Tibetan medicinal herb " Songdi" (Saxifraga umbellulata var. pectinata).

METHODThe different characteristics and microscopic identification of 4 species of Songdi were compared, including the main variety (Saxifraga umbellulata var. pectinata ) and approximate varieties (S. unguiculata, S. przewalskii and S. tanguTi,) were studied and compared.

RESULTThe botanical anatomy characteristics of Saxifraga umbellulata var. pectinata (including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, stalks and fruits) have been measured. The methods for powder identifications and transverse section of stems root and leaves of four species of Songdi were established.

CONCLUSIONFour species of Songdi can be identified by the growth pattern of basal leaves, type of hair, type of inflorescence, number of flowers, proportion of tissue structures in stem, form of pollen grains.

Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Microscopy ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; cytology ; Saxifragaceae ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy of a low dose Qinghuang Powder (QP) combined with Chinese drugs for Shen supplementing and Pi invigorating (CDSSPI) in treatment of hypocellular myelodysplastic syndromes (hypo-MDS).

METHODSTotally 33 hypo-MDS patients enrolled in this study came from outpatient clinics between November 2011 and December 2012. A self-control method was used in this study. Patients took QP (0.4 g per day) combined with CDSSPI (one dose per day), and Stanozolol Tablet (2 mg each time, three times per day), 3 months as one therapeutic course, a total of 2 courses. The clinical efficacy was evaluated timely at the end of each therapeutic course. The venous blood was withdrawn before treatment, at month 3 and 6 after treatment. Changes of neutrophils (ANC), hemoglobin (Hb), and platelet (PLT) were mainly observed.

RESULTSTotally 31 patients in this study finished the treatment. Three months after treatment ANC, Hb, and PLT increased more than before treatment (P < 0.05). Six months after treatment Hb and PLT increased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), but with no statistical difference in ANC (P > 0.05). Hb increased higher at month 6 after treatment than at month 3 after treatment (P < 0.01), but with no statistical difference in ANC or PLT (P > 0.05). After 3-month treatment the number of hematologic progress, stability, disease progression were: 13 cases (41.9%), 15 cases (48.4%), and 3 cases (9.7%), respectively; after 6-month treatment the number of hematologic improvement, stability, and disease progression were: 18 cases (58.1%), 7 cases (22.6%), 6 cases (19.3%), respectively. There was no significant difference between 3-month efficacy and 6-month efficacy (P > 0.05). There was no correlation between the efficacy and ages of hypo-MDS patients or the efficacy and courses of hypo-MDS patients (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSA low dose QP combined with CDSSPI showed confirmative efficacy in treatment of hypo-MDS. But the efficacy had little correlation with ages and courses of hypo-MDS patients.

Arsenicals ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; drug therapy ; Neutrophils ; Phytotherapy ; methods