Background The hyperplasia of human Tenon capsule fibroblasts (HTFs) is a common cause of filtering surgery failure in glaucomous eye.Researches demonstrated that hydroxycamptothecin is a cell cycle arresting drug and induce apoptosis of cancer and fibroblasts.However,its mechanism is currently less understood.Objective This study was to investigate whether hydroxycamptothecin induce the apoptosis of HTFs and explore the possible mechanism.Methods Human Tenon capsule tissue was obtained from EyeBank of Jiangsu Province Hospital.HTFs were cultured using explant method in vivo and passaged in DMEM containing 10％ FBS.The cells were identified using vimentin and keratin by immunochemistry,and the cells of generation 3-6 in the logarithmic growth phase were used in the experiment.The cells were incubated with 0.01,0.05 or 0.10 g/L hydroxycamptothecin for 5 minutes respectively,and the cells without any hydroxycamptothecin were served as the control group.Cell viability then was assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) for the optimal inhibition concentration.The cells were treated by 0.10 g/L hydroxycamptothecin for 24 hours,and the apoptotic rate of the cells were assayed with annexin V/PI double-staining.Mitochondrial membrane potential of HTFs was assessed using JC-1 staining.The expressions of caspase-3,caspase-9 and cytochrome C (cyt C) in mitochondria and cytoplasm of HTFs were detected by Western blot.Results The proliferative value (A450) of the HTFs 0,0.01,0.05,0.10 g/L was 0.9716±0.0608,0.8035 ± 0.0346,0.7048 ±0.0446,0.6265 ±0.0286,with a significant difference (F =26.372,P =0.002).A450 of HTFs in the 0.01,0.05,0.10 g/L groups was significantly lower than the control group (P＜0.05),with the lowest A450 value in the 0.10 g/L group.The apoptotic percentage of HTFs was (18.72±1.41)％,in the 0.10 g/L hydroxycamptothecin group and that of the control group was (3.67 ±0.36)％,showing a significant difference between them (t =-10.374,P=0.001).The expression intensity of caspase-3 and caspase-9 protein in HTFs was higher in the 0.10 g/L hydroxycamptothecin group than that in the control group.JC-1 staining showed that the green fluorescence of the monomer JC-1 in cytoplasm was stronger in the 0.10 g/L hydroxycamptothecin group than that in the control group,but the red fluorescence of the polymer JC-1 in the 0.10 g/L hydroxycamptothecin group was weaker than that in the control group.The grey scale of cyt C protein in HTFs in mitochondrion was 0.0605±0.0022 in the 0.10 g/L hydroxycamptothecin group,showing a significant increase in comparison with 0.0301 ±0.0016 of the control group (t=4.865,P=0.014).However,the grey scale of cyt C protein in cytoplasm was declined in the 0.10 g/L hydroxycamptothecin group than that in the control group (0.0605 ±0.0022 vs.0.0301 ±0.0016) (t =-11.177,P =0.001).Conclusions Hydroxycamptothecin can induce the apoptosis of HTFs through activating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.

The efficient and safe delivery of drugs to the therapeutic site through the biofilm has traditionally been a difficult and hot topic in the field of drug delivery. In recent years, alkyl polyglycoside (APG) have become ideal penetration enhancers for drug delivery systems because of their high permeability, good safety and biodegradability, which has attracted wide attention of domestic and foreign researchers. In this paper, the physical and chemical properties, characteristics, action mechanism and application of APG in drug delivery system are reviewed, and its application prospect in drug delivery system is prospected.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the therapeutic effects of knife needle on third lumbar transverse process syndrome.

METHODSFrom 2007.3 to 2007.12, patients were divided into treatment group and control group according to the random digits table, 34 and 35 patients respectively. Patients in both groups were separately treated for 3 weeks, with knife needle in treatment group and electroacupuncture in control group. In treatment group, 12 patients were male and 22 patients were female, the average age was (42.33 +/- 7.86) years. In control group, 16 patients were male and 19 patients were female, the average age was (44.73 +/- 10.34) years. The changes of biomechanics, local tension and tenderness index were observed and recorded respectively before and after the therapy, and the results obtained from two groups were then compared with each other. The JOA score was used to evaluate the clinical effect.

RESULTSSixty patients finished the clinical observation. The treatment efficacy was evaluated according to the JOA score in 60 cases. The soft tissue tension in treatment group was lower than that in the control group (P=0.00004). Excellent result was found in 18 cases, good in 9 cases, fair in 3 cases and poor in 0 case.

CONCLUSIONTension relaxation by needle knife can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and signs of third lumbar transverse process syndrome.

Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Diseases ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Syndrome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo determine the effect of tension relaxation by small needle knife on the muscle tension and morphology changes of nerve terminals when sustained pressure was applied to muscular tissue.

METHODSRat gracilis muscles were exposed to pressure in vivo at 70 kPa for 2 hours. Sixty rats were divided into three groups: normal, control and experiment group respectively. In all rats except the six normal ones, the lower legs were considered as the control group, and the right left as experiment group. At day 1, 2 and 3, 9 rats from the two groups were randomly selected and sacrificed in order to determine the muscle tension change. At the same time, muscle histology and morphology changes of nerve terminals were observed.

RESULTSAbnormal tension increased in muscles under compression of 70 kPa. At the 1st and 2nd days, there were no significant differences between the two groups. Compared with control group, the tension was lower in experiment group, and there was statistically significant difference (P < 0.01) between the two groups. Exposure of striated muscle tissue to intensive and prolonged compression may pathologically alter its microstructure. Histological evaluation showed that this stiffening accompanied extensive necrotic damage. The changes could not be found in the nerve terminals.

CONCLUSIONDeep muscle tissue that undergoes prolonged compression may significantly increase its stiffness during acute injury. Tension relaxation applied by small needle knife can effectively reduce the mechanical load which is harmful to the whole tissue.

Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Female ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Muscle Tonus ; Muscle, Skeletal ; innervation ; pathology ; physiology ; Nerve Endings ; pathology ; Pain Management ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the clinical effect and therapeutic mechanism of Nanmiqing capsule made of rheum palmatum, leech, astragalus memberanaceus on patients with chronic prostatitis(CP).

METHODSSeventy-six CP cases were treated with Nanmiqing, while 32 CP cases were treated with Qianliekang as a control. The changes of EPS were observed pre- and post-treatment. The rat model of CP got by Xiaozhiling inducing were treated with Nanmiqing and Qianliekang respectively. The concentration of endothelin, TXB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and SOD, IgG, IgA in plasma were measured pre- and post-treatment, meanwhile, pathological changes of prostate tissues were observed.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was 89.47% in treatment group, which was significantly higher than 71.88% in the control group (P < 0.01). Experimental study for CP rats showed that the Nanmiqing was more effective medicine than Qianliekang (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSNanmiqing was an effective medicine for CP. The mechanism of clearing heat and resolving toxin, activating blood and removing stasis and reinforcing Qi in chinese medicine could be the explanation of the useful treatment including three therapentic ways.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha ; metabolism ; Adult ; Capsules ; Chronic Disease ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Endothelin-1 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin G ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatitis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Thromboxane B2 ; metabolism ; Treatment Outcome

AIM: To observe thickness and morphological changes of bulbar conjunctiva pre- and post epidemic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis ( EHC ) therapy by optical coherence tomography ( OCT) .
METHODS: Observed morphological changes and measured the bulbar conjunctiva thicknesses of 29 cases (36 eyes) of incipient (1-2d) EHC patients, who were received and treated by department of ophthalmology, the Putuo Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2013 to December 2013, by OCT. Then measured the thickness again on 7, 14d after the therapy.
RESULTS: Among 29 patients (36 eyes), 7d after the EHC therapy, in 27 cured eyes, the full-thickness ( before 344. 00±59. 91μm, after 230. 19±22. 16μm, t=11. 75, P<0-01); epithelial thickness ( before 56. 52±6. 19μm, after 51. 37±5. 53μm, t=4. 61, P<0. 01); and stromal thickness (before 287. 11±60. 56μm, after 178. 81±20. 20μm, t=10. 69, P<0. 01) of patients' bulbar conjunctiva were thicker than values measured after therapy with significant difference. Significant difference was also found for full-thickness ( before 361. 39±65. 56μm, after 233. 44±22. 57μm, the difference was statistically significant, t=14. 45, P<0. 01);epithelial thickness ( before 55. 50±6. 72μm, after 46. 67±5-24μm, t=10. 06, P<0. 01) and stromal thickness ( before 305. 61±66. 02μm, after 186. 78±21. 82μm, t=13. 11, P<0-01 ) of patients' bulbar conjunctiva between values measured before and 14d after therapy.
CONCLUSION: The OCT is able to measure the thickness of bulbar conjunctiva in EHC patients. An significant increase was found in full, epithelial and stromal thickness of EHC patients' bulbar conjunctiva. With recovery from the disease, subepithelial fluid, interlaminar fluid and edema of the bulbar conjunctival stroma faded away firstly, which provide references for clinical therapies of the EHC.

OBJECTIVETo report clinical application of Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory and heart failure in a child with severe pneumonia.

METHODA seven-year old male patient with severe pneumonia complicated with heart and lung function failure was admitted to PICU in 28th of December, 2008.Veno-artery access was set up via euthyphoria cannulation in operative incision. Blood was drained from the right atrium through a cannula introduced via femoral veins, and returned via femoral artery. The inter-surface of the ECMO equipment system was completely coated with heparin-coating technique. Anticoagulation was maintained with heparin to keep the activated clotting time (ACT) between 150 and 200 seconds and heparin usage dose was 10 U/(kg.h), mean blood flow was 1/2-2/3 of 80-120 ml/(kg.min) during ECMO assistant period. During ECMO, ventilator settings were gradually reduced to allow lung rest, i.e. peak inspiratory pressure less than 25 cm H2O (1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa), end expiratory pressure 8-10 cm H2O, rate 10-15 breaths per minute and FiO2 30%-40%.

RESULTSIn management of ECMO, the incipient blood flow was set at 0.8 L/min, the radio of oxygen and blood flow was 1:1, FiO2 60%. After ten minutes of ECMO working, the blood oxygen saturation of radial artery increased from 40 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) to 177 mm Hg, Lac decreased from 3.5 mmol/L to 2.8 mmol/L. Four hours later, blood gas analysis of radial artery showed PaO2 202 mm Hg, PCO2 44 mm Hg, Lac 1.5 mmol/L, blood flow was set at 0.6 L/min, FiO2 60%, PaO2 kept above 150 mm Hg. 96 hours after ECMO supporting, the blood flow was set at 0.4 L/min [20 ml/(kg.min)], the results of blood gas analysis of radial artery was PaO2 190 mm Hg, PaCO2 36 mm Hg, SaO2 100%, Lac 0.9 mmol/L, then the child weaned off successfully from ECMO. Two days later, the child was successfully extubated. After two weeks treatment, the patient was discharged. The main complication associated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were bleeding.

CONCLUSIONECMO is an effective mechanical assistant therapy method for severe pulmonary and cardiac failure in a child.

Child ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; Heart Failure ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Pneumonia ; complications ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Research Report ; Respiration Disorders ; etiology ; therapy

Objective To study the suppressive effect of knockdown of miR-21 on the U87 human giioma xenograft growth and the possible mechanism. Methods Nude mice bearing U87 human glioblastoma subcutaneously were treated with miRNA-21 anfisense oligonucleotides(AS-miR-21)intratumomlly every 3 d until the observation peded ended.The tumor volume of the mice treated withAS-miR-21 was measured regularly as compared with that in the control untreated mice and in the mice treated with scramble oligonucelotides(ODN).Finally,the tumors were removed from nude mice for the examination.In-sire hybridization and real-time PCR were conducted to detect the miRNA expression of miR-21.The biological charaetedsties of the tumors were evaluated by HE and immunohistochemieal staining, and the cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL method. Resulls During the observation period,the tumor growth was delayed and the final tumor volume of AS-miR-21 heated group was smaller than that in the control and scramble ODN treatedg roup(F=6-056,P=0.007).The expression of miRNA precursor was knocked down in As-miRNA treated tunlors compared with that in untreated or scramble ODN treated tumors.Histopathological examination exhibited the appearance of degraded malignancy.The expressions of PCNA and MMP-9 were down-regulated while Septin-7 and P21 were up-regulated and apoptotic index was increased significantly (F=141.021,P=000) as well.Conclusion The suppressive effect of anti-miR-21 ODNs on the growth of U87 human glioma xenogratts is significant and miR-21 Call be taken as a candidate for gene therapy ofhuman glioma.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical effect of cell-assisted lipotransfer (CAL) for breast augmentation.

METHODS18 patients accepted breast augmentation using CAL. 10 patients completed 6-month follow-up and were involved in the study. The adipose tissue was harvested from patients' thighs, flanks and lower abdomen with Lipokit. After standing, 250 ml fatty portion and 500 ml fluid portion of suction aspirates were processed according to the procedures reported in reference. Flow-cytometry was used to detect the percentage of adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs) in distilled stromal vascular fraction (SVF). The differentiation function of cultured cells also was assessed. The breast volume and images were evaluated by using MRI before operation, 3 and 6 months after operation. The breast volume was marked as V0, V3 and V6 respectively. The resorption rate of transplanted adipose tissue for each breast was calculated and marked as R3 and R6.

RESULTSAveragely, the percentage of ADSCs in freshly distilled SVF was 41.67%. The in-vitro cultured cell grew well and could differentiate into fat, bone and cartilage. Statistics showed that V0, V3 and V6 was (416.19 +/- 40.43) ml, (551.72 +/- 59.86) ml and (538.81 +/- 68.35) ml respectively. R3 and R6 was (51.20 +/- 11.96)% and (54.22 +/- 12.73)%. There was significant difference between V3 and V0 (P < 0.05), V6 and V0. However, no significant difference was showed between V3 and V6 or R3 and R6. In addition, no cyst or calcification was seen in all MRI images.

CONCLUSIONSIn process of breast augmentation using CAL, the distilled SVF contains 41.67% ADSCs which have adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic function. Within 3-month post-operation, the breast volume decreases obviously but the volume sustains after that. Compared with the preoperative volume, the 6-month postoperative volume is significantly increased and the breasts' contour is improved greatly. This study indicates that CAL is a safe and effective way for breast augmentation.

Adipocytes ; cytology ; transplantation ; Adipose Tissue ; cytology ; Adult ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stromal Cells ; cytology