Laser scanning confocal microscope is a kind of new analytical apparatus for molecular cell biology research.It has been used in many fields of biomedical research.Brief introduction of its function and feature is given in this article.Recent development is summarized in application of laser scanning confocal microscope for localization and quantification of tumor tissue and cell protein,observation of sub-cellular structure of tumor ceils,study on tumor related receptor,distribution of antitumor drug and mechanism of tumor multi-drug resistance.

Cancer metastasis is composed of a complex cascade that involves a variety of critical steps beginning with detachment from the primary tumor and ending with growth of tumor at a distant site, such as bone. The "seed-and-soil hypothesis" predicts that the bone microenvironment expresses factors through which attract a variety of cancer cells and promote the tumor development. The ending point of tumor development in bone is achieved through the bidirectional and dynamic interaction between tumor cells and the cells in their growth microenvironment. A variety of factors produced by the bone microenvironment, contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer skeletal metastasis. In this review, using prostate cancer (CaP) as an example, some of general mechanisms of cancer metastasis will be summarized. In addition, the current understanding of the interaction between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment will be addressed. Finally, the research directions in the near future will be suggested.

Objective:To study the cognitive function and brain white matter fiber change in major depressive patients prior and post-treatment.Methods:Eleven major depressed patients were given antidepressants for 10 weeks, and their conditions were evaluated using 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD).The cognitive function was determined by using Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST),part of Wechsler memory scale and diffusion tensor ima- ging(DTI)was scanned before and after treatment.11 healthy people as control group were involved and given the same tests at the same time.Results:(1)The WCST scores of patients increased significantly after treatment(prior treatment Cc:1.6?1.6,Re:67.9?20.0,Rpe:51.5?24.8;post treatment Ce:4.0?2.1,Re:43.2?18.8,Rpe:22.8?16.0,P=0.001/0.000/0.003).There was no difference in number sequence memory in Wechsler memory scale.No difference was found between patients after treatment and control group in either WCST or number sequence memory.The patients made significant improvement in the total score of HAMD after treatment(16?14/54?13,t=6.60,P

Clinical features and thyroid-stimulating antibody(TSAb)in 32 newly diagnosed patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy(GO)were compared with those in 27 Graves' disease(GD)patients without GO(as control group).All of the patients with GO received intravenous glucocorticoids.The level of serum TSAb in patients with GO was significantly higher than that in patients without GO.TSAb was also associated with the prognosis.It suggests that TSAb seems to be the most active component among the TSH receptor antibodies related to ophthalmopathy and may act as a predictive parameter.

Objective　To study the expression of p73 in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the relationship between p73 expression and clinico-pathological parameters. Methods　Expression of p7 3 gene was detected by RT-PCR in 32 human NSCLC tissues, tissues adjacent to ca ncer and non-cancer lung tissues. Results　p73 gene expression up-regulated substantially and detected in 87.5%(28/32) of human NSCLC tissues while expressed at low level in tissues adjacent to cancer and non-cancer lung tissues. Conclusion　Marked up-regulation of p73 gene expres sion is found in human NSCLC.

Twelve cases of Bartter's syndrome were reported and reviewed retrospectively.Usually vomiting was the first sympton in children,while fatigue was common in adults.Bartter's syndrome was characteristic of hypokalemia,metabolic alkalosis,elevations of plasma renin activity,serum angiotersinⅡand aldosterone and juxtaglomerular apperatus hyperplasia.Supplementation of potassium choloride was the main manner of therapy.

Animal models with kidney disease are generally divided into two types. One belongs to the models which imitate human kidney disease by the artificial operations, such as anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody nephritis, Heymann nephritis, anti-Thyl. 1 antibody nephritis, BSA nephritis and puromycin nephropathy. The other one pertains to the models which make themselves kidney disease, and appear the pathological characteristics naturally as like as human, such as HIGA mice with IgA nephropathy and NZB/WF1 and MRL/1pr mice with lupus nephritis. In addition,the transgenic animal models with kidney disease can also be established by the modern molecular biologic techniques including gene knockout and siRNA transfection. As for the studies related with kidney disease in pharmacodynamics and pharmacology of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), it is important to understand deeply the features of each animal model with kidney disease, and select accurately the proper models according to the different experimental objectives, and then, build the special models provided with the combination of disease with syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Therefore,it is the developmental direction for the further study to establish animal models with kidney disease, which should possess the characteristics of syndrome in TCM.
Animals ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; etiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; etiology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Streptozocin

One hundred and forty six elderly patients with constipation undergoing colonoscopy during March 2012 and August 2013 were randomly assigned to trial and control groups.Seventy patients in trial group received Macrogol electrolytes powder combined with Chinese herb medicine Simo decoction for bowel preparation and 76 patients in control group received macrogol electrolytes powder only.The first defecation,times of defecation and tolerance of patients were compared between two groups.The quality of bowel preparation was evaluated by endoscopists with Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS).The first defecation time was shorter in trial group than that in control group (55.7 ± 27.9 vs.72.9 ± 34.8,P ＜ 0.05).However,no statistical significance was found in the times of defecation and tolerance of patients between two groups.The mean BBPS score in trial groups was higher than that in control group (7.87 ± 1.08 vs.6.97 ± 0.96,P ＜ 0.05).Chinese herb medicine Simo decoction combined with conventional method shows satisfactory result for bowel preparation in elderly patients with constipation undergoing colonoscopy.

Objective To assess the effectiveness of treatment of meniscal injuries of knee joints by arthroscopy.Methods 33 patients 35 joints were followed up and the parts,types and treatment under arthroscopy were analysed.Results 33 patients were followed up from six months to six years,the mean preoperative Lysholm score was 60.5 points,and the mean postoperative one was 86.7 points.Conclusion The advantage of treating meniscal injuries by arthroscopy was the result of correct examination and little wound of arthroscopy operation,and arthroscopic repair or partial menisectomy could effectively restore the function of the injured knee.