Objective To discuss the clinical significance of the diffuse calcified distribution in diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions .Methods 379 patients with different benign and malignant breast lesions confirmed by surgery underwent digital X‐ray mammography .The morphology ,distribution ,number ,diameter ,concentration and density of calcification in lesions ,the maximum range of the calcified area and other accompanied manifestations in benign and malignant breast lesions were analyzed .Results As for the morphology of calcification ,tiny polymorphic calcification was found in 58 .5% of malignant lesions ,meanwhile ,dot‐like one was found in 49 .3% of benign lesions .Fine linear calcification or branched linear one occurred in malignant lesions ,however ,round one occurred in benign lesions .As for the calcification distribution ,regional distribution was found in 43 .9% of malignant lesions , meanwhile the clustered distribution was found in 58 .4% of benign lesions .And all lobar or segmental distribution was seen in malig‐nant lesions .As for the calcification diameter ,the calcification with the diameter less than 0 .5 mm occurred in 71 .6% of malignant lesions ,however ,that with diameter more than 1 .0 cm occurred in 69 .3% of benign lesions .As for the concentration of calcification , lesions with calcification more than 25 were 71 .8% of malignant ones ,whereas those with calcification of 15-25 were 58 .4% of be‐nign ones .As for calcified density ,uneven calcification occurred in 94 .2% of malignant lesions ;however the even one occurred in 63 .4% of benign lesions .The maximum diameter of calcification ranged from 40 mm to 80 mm was found in 59 .0% of malignant lesions , whereas that ranged from 0 mm to 40 mm was in 77 .2% of benign lesions .Conclusion Statistical differences have been found in the morphology ,distribution ,diameter ,concentration ,density and maximum diameter of calcification between the breast benign and ma‐lignant lesions .

Objective To study CD64 expression in neutrophilic granulocyte and its clinical effect in neonatal infection disease. Methods CD64 was detected among 59 neonatal patients(septicemia group 34 patients, local infection group 25 patients)hospitalized in our neonatal department diagnosed as neonatal infection disease in 48 h after hospitalized,2 weeks after therapy, then the results were compared with 27 patients as non - infection disease during the same period. Results CD64 in septicemia group was (6156. 21?3643. 32) molecula per cell,in local infection group was (2176.19 ? 946. 32)molecula per cell, in non- infection group was (2176. 19 ? 946. 32) molecula per cell.There were significant differences among three groups (all P0.05). Conclusions CD64 expression increases in bacterium infection disease. It is more obvious in widespread infection desease.and it can be the mark in early diagnosis of neonatal infection disease.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics and curative effects of pancreatic cystade- nocarcinoma in order to improve its diagnostic and therapeutic accuracy.Methods A retrospective analysis was done on the clinical materials of 13 cases of pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma hospitalized in Shanxi Cancer Hospital from 1990 to 2006.Results The preoperative diagnosis were as follows:pancreatic cystadenocarci- noma 6 cases,pancreatic cystadenoma 2 cases,pancreatic cancer 1 case,pancreatic pseudocyst 4 cases.The misdiagnosis rate was 53.8 %.Surgical operation was done on the 13 cases,and 10 of them were treated by radical operation.A 5-year follow-up was done on 6 still alive cases,and 1 of them lived over 11 years.3 cases were treated by palliative operation,and all of them died within 3 years.Conclusion Since there is no specific clinical manifestations of pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma,it is very difficult to get an accurate preop- erative diagnosis.Radical operation is the most effective therapeutic methods.

This study aims to construct a dynamic two-dimensional characterization technique for the hygroscopicity of traditional Chinese medicine extracts and investigate the effect of material properties of powders on hygroscopicity. The dynamic hygroscopicity-time curves of the powders were measured at 25 ℃ and 75% humidity, and the semi-equilibrium hygroscopicity time (t_1/2) and equilibrium hygroscopicity (F^∞) were derived as two-dimensional evaluation indicators. Finally, the correlation between the material properties and the hygroscopic behavior was analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares analysis (PLS). The results showed that the dynamic two-dimensional characterization system of hygroscopicity constructed with 1/t_1/2 = 0.1 h^-1 and F^∞ = 15% as the center can classify the hygroscopic behavior of traditional Chinese medicine extracts into four categories: fast hygroscopicity with strong hygroscopicity, slow hygroscopicity with strong hygroscopicity, fast hygroscopicity with weak hygroscopicity and slow hygroscopicity with weak hygroscopicity. The moisture absorption was negatively correlated with D₅₀, D₉₀, ρ_b and ρ_t; the moisture absorption rate was negatively correlated with D₁₀, D₅₀, D₉₀, ρ_b, ρ_t, and positively correlated with moisture content. The hygroscopicity dynamic two-dimensional characterization indicators of Chinese medicine extracts (CMEs) constructed in this study matched with the physical properties. The method of dynamic multi-dimensional characterization technology is feasible and scientific, and the idea has strong promotional value.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of unsaponifiable matter from the seed oil of Trichosanthes hupehensis.

METHODThe fatty oil from the seeds of T. hupehensis was extracted with petroleum ether. The saponification was carried out with potassium hydroxide. The unsaponifiable matter was isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by means of MS, IR, UV, and 1H-NMR.

RESULTKarounidiol, isokarounidiol, 5-dehydrokarounidiol, 7-oxodihydrokarounidiol, stigmast-7-en-3beta-ol, stigmast-7, 22-dien-3beta-ol, 10alpha-Cucurbitadienol, beta-sitosterol, stigmast-7, 22-dien-3beta-O-beta-D-glucoside were elucidated.

CONCLUSIONAll of these compounds were found in this plant for the first time.

Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Oils ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Trichosanthes ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo describe the temporal trends in the mortality rate of gastric cancer during the period of 1988 and 2010, and to predict the gastric cancer mortality between 2016 - 2020.

METHODSThe data of gastric cancer mortality in Linzhou city between 1988 and 2010 was extracted from the cancer registry, including a total of 11 714 cases, covering 22 447 073 person-years. The mortality rate of gastric cancer of each 5-year period was calculated by sub-site and gender. Age-standardized rate (ASR) was calculated using the Chinese standard population in 1982. Intrinsic estimator (IE) model was used to fit the mortality trend by sub-site and gender, and to predict the mortality of gastric cancer in Linzhou city between 2016 and 2020.

RESULTSFrom 1988 to 2010, the gastric cancer mortality in Linzhou city was 52.18/100 000 (11 714/22 447 073) with the ASR at 49.23/100 000; the mortality in male was 67.02/100 000 (7678/11 455 512) with ASR at 68.68/100 000 while the mortality in female was 36.72/100 000 (4036/10 991 561) with ASR at 32.12/100 000. The mortality of cardia carcinoma was 27.87/100 000 (6257/22 447 073) with the ASR at 26.37/100 000; while the mortality of non-cardia carcinoma was 24.31/100 000 (5457/22 447 073) with the ASR at 22.86/100 000. The ASR of gastric cancer during 1988 - 1990 was 63.37/100 000 (1653 cases) and decreased by 28.34%, to 45.41/100 000 (2622 cases) during 2006 - 2010. The IE model showed that the birth cohort effect decreased greatly. The mortality risk of cardia carcinoma in population born after 1950s, decreased significantly; and the mortality risk of non-cardia carcinoma in population born in 20 century continually decreased. The death of gastric cancer among the population over 30 years old was predicted to be 3626 cases, increasing by 40.60% compared with the number between 2006 and 2010 (2579 cases). Among them, the mortality of cardia carcinoma increased by 51.89% (predicted number between 2016 and 2020 was 2456 cases, and 1617 cases between 2006 and 2010), and the mortality of non-cardia carcinoma increased by 21.62% (predicted number between 2016 and 2020 was 1170 cases, and 962 cases between 2006 and 2010).

CONCLUSIONThe mortality rate of gastric cancer in Linzhou city showed a decreasing trend during the period of 1988-2010, being mainly attributed to the cohort effect. However, the mortality will still increase in the future, between 2016 and 2020.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Registries ; Stomach Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; mortality

Objective To evaluate the application of “OmniView”, a new three-dimensional ultrasound technology, in displaying the fetal palate. Methods The three-dimensional volume data was acquired from 100 normal fetuses, analysed by OmniView technology with the facial midsagittal plane as the starting plane. The imaging of fetal palate was obtained in axial plane (through maxilla, oral cleft), coronal plane, oblique coronal plane (through piriform aperture, oral cleft, submental triangle), and the palate′s curved plane tiled imaging by drawing the anatomical lines on referenced sagittal plane (facial midsagittal plane). The volumes of ifve fetuses with cleft lip and palate were obtained and analysed by the same technology. Results The volume dataset of 91 (91.0%, 91/100) normal fetuses were acquired successfully, and analyzed by OmniView technology, the results of 91 normal fetal palate in different plane were: (1) In axial plane through maxilla, the visualization of alveolar process bow was 91 (100%, 91/91). It was shown as“C”shaped arcuate structure, the anechoic structure of alveolar socket could be seen on the bow, and the ifrst 6 alveolar sockets were displayed clearly. The visualization number of hard palate was 91 (100%, 91/91), it was shown as hyperechoic lfake between two sides of alveolar bones. In axial plane through oral cleft, the visualization number of soft palate was 81 (89.0%, 81/91), it was shown as a strip of soft tissue echo band. (2) In coronal plane, the visualization number of hard palate was 91 (100%, 91/91), it was shown as a strip of hyperechoic band and separated the oral and nasal cavity. (3) In oblique coronal plane through piriform aperture, the visualization number of hard palate was 91 (100%, 91/91), it was shown as a short strip of hyperechoic band. In oblique coronal plane through oral cleft, the visualization number of hard palate was 91 (100%, 91/91). In oblique coronal plane through submental triangle, the visualization number of hard palate was 91 (100%, 91/91). In the above two planes, the hard palate was shown as a strip of hyperechoic band, due to acoustic shadow behind the hard palate, the nasal cavity and nasal septum above the hard palate couldn’t be displayed. (4) In oblique coronal plane through piriform aperture, the visualization number of soft palate was 81 (89.0%, 81/91). The visualization number of uvula was 25 (27.5%, 25/91). The soft palate was shown as a lfake of soft tissue echo behind the hard palate, and the uvula was shown as papillary protrusions on the edge of the soft palate in the midline. In oblique coronal plane through oral cleft, the visualization number of soft palate was 81 (89.0%, 81/91). In oblique coronal plane through submental triangle, the visualization number of soft palate was 81 (89.0%, 81/91). In the above two planes, the soft palate was shown as a strip of soft tissue echo band, the soft tissue echo of fetal tongue was in the lower front of soft palate, and the anechoic region of nasopharynx was superior behind the soft palate. (5) In the curved plane tiled imaging of palate, the visualization number of alveolar process bow (primary palate) was 91 (100%, 91/91). The visualization number of hard palate was 91 (100%, 91/91). The visualization number of soft palate was 81 (89.0%, 81/91). the visualization number of uvula was 25 (27.5%, 25/91), the planar panorama of alveolar process bow, hard palate and soft palate could be visualized intuitively, the alveolar arch and hard palate were shown as bone-like hyperecho, and the soft palate was shown as soft tissue hypoecho. In iffteen cases′volume involved cleft lip and palate, all five cases of malformations were detected through three-dimensional data analysis, the position and range of the cleft palate could also be conifrm. Abnormal fetuses were all veriifed after induction of labor. Conclusions By three-dimensional ultrasound technology-“OmniView”, the axial and coronal plane of fetal palate could be obtained easily which was dififcult by two-dimensional ultrasound, and the special oblique coronal plane of secondary palate could be displayed easily. The panorama of the palate could be visualized intuitively though curved plane tiled imaging by drawing a line tracking the structure of the palate. This technology could simplify the ultrasound examination procedure of the fetal palate, reduce the operators′skill-dependence, and quickly evaluated the integrity of the fetal primary palate and secondary palate. For the cleft lip fetus, this technology can determine whether the cleft palate exist or not, together with their position and range.

At present, the modernization of Chinese medicine preparations (CMPs) is still a challenging task. The 3 typical Chinese medicine materials (CMMs) used for preparing CMPs are the powders, extracts, and components of Chinese medicine and their properties of CMMs are important for designing CMPs. Basing on our long term research, we have established a property system for CMMs according to the state of CMMs under an exactly condition and according to the interaction characteristics between substances. The property system could be divided into 5 categories: material composition, spatial structure, body property, surface property, physicochemical properties, and they could also be divided into 18 subcategories. Furthermore, we also established the corresponding index and characterization system, where the 61 indexes and characterization techniques were systematically summarized. At last, we hope that the article will promote the modernization of CMPs.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to estimate and predict the AIDS epidemic situation in Jiangsu province by using a software named Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) and then to provide accurate information for making control plans and conducting interventions.

METHODSDate were obtained from the comprehensively monitored sentinels of AIDS and venereal diseases (Data were from 28 national monitored stations and 52 provincial stations. From 2003 to 2009, a total of 10 730 000 people had been monitored) as well as project survey and laboratory tests. EPP epidemic model was employed to analyze the prevalence and to predict future epidemic situations.

RESULTSA total of 830 000 and 1 020 000 people were monitored in 2003 and 2004 respectively, and 8 880 000 more people were monitored in the following 5 years. By the end of 2009, a total of 4103 HIV infection cases had been reported, among which 918 people were diagnosed with AIDS and 432 died. Since 2003, the cases infected through IDU had decreased from 66.84% (262/392) to 16.40% (142/868). However, the cases infected through sex contact had increased from 21.68% (85/392) to 77.40% (672/868). Among these cases, homosexual transmission and heterosexual transmission accounted for 39.10% (339/868) and 38.30% (333/868) respectively. It was estimated that there would be 14 290 HIV/AIDS cases in 2011 which is 18.10% (2191/12 099) higher than that in 2009. The estimated HIV infection rate would be 0.02%.

CONCLUSIONEPP prediction showed the AIDS epidemic situation in Jiangsu province had an ascendant trend and the AIDS epidemic situation had demonstrated rapid growth. Therefore, it is necessary to take effective preventive measures to control the spread of AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; China ; epidemiology ; Epidemics ; statistics & numerical data ; Forecasting ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Sentinel Surveillance ; Software ; Statistics as Topic