Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading causes of blindness in working-aged people,of which diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) are the two main causes of vision-threatening.Through the regular screening of patients with diabetes,the risk factors of DR can be identified and proper interventions can prevent the incidence of DR.Timely retinal laser photocoagulation and application of the renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (candesartan or fibrates),lipid-lowering drug fenofibrate can inhibit DR progress.Macula local and (or) grid pattern photocoagulation or in combination with bevacizumab intravitreal injection can effectively relief DME.In regard to late PDR,vitrectomy couldrestore or retain useful vision, importantly, minimally invasive 23G vitrectomy and preoperative bevacizumab intravitreal injection greatly improved the surgical outcomes.However DR pathogenesis is not entirely clear.Also there is a lack of effective and feasible DR screening strategy in China.Furthermore existing evidence-based data of medical and surgical treatment of DR is insufficient.Therefore,the DR prevention and treatment is still a long way to go in China.

"Microcosmic syndrome", "treatment based on syndrome differentiation", and "combination of disease identification and syndrome differentiation" generally refer to a mode: following the syndrome if with no disease identified, following the disease if with no syndrome type differentiated. For example, Chinese medical treatment of hypertension, high blood lipids, increased transaminase, and so on candirectly use Chinese recipes, but no longer with syndrome differentiation. Clinical application of Chinese patent medicine can also obtain favorable clinical. Western doctors need not follow syndrome differentiation. The invention of artemisinin was screened from more than 40 000 kinds of compounds and herbs, but with no reference of any traditional Chinese medical theory. A lot of folk remedy and empirical recipes have obtained effective efficacy but unnecessarily with profound Chinese medical theories. Various evidences showed that disease can also be cured without syndrome differentiation. I held that it might be associated with the same mechanism of Chinese medicine and Western medicine. Any disease can be cured or alleviated by Chinese medicine is a result from its modern pharmacological effect, which is achieved by improving etiologies, and pathogeneses. I was inspired by whether we can directly use traditional Chinese medicine with modern pharmacological effects to treat symptomatic disease. So I raised an idea of microcosmic Chinese medicine used by Western medicine, i.e., we find and use Chinese herbs with relatively effective modern pharmacological effect to treat diseases targeting at patients' clinical symptoms and signs, as well as various positive laboratory results (collectively called as microscopic dialectical indicators). More Western doctors would use it to treat disease due to omission of complicated and mysterious syndrome differentiation. This will promote extensive application and expansion of Chi- nese medicine and pharmacy, enlarge the team of integrative medicine, improve Western doctors' interest in Chinese medicine and pharmacy, thus pushing the career of integrative medicine in a brand new development era.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cell Differentiation ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Integrative Medicine ; Medicine ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Medicine, Traditional ; Physicians ; Syndrome ; Transaminases

Dyslipidemia plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR).A preliminary study found that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,apolipoprotein (Apo) B and Apo B / Apo A1 ratio were positively correlated with DR,while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,Apo A1 was negatively correlated with DR and proliferative DR.Reducing the blood fats to be helpful to DR control.However,the mechanism of hyperlipidemia in the pathogenesis of DR,the reason of dyslipidemia in diabetic patients and the interaction between hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in DR are not clear yet.Moreover,there is no predictive indicators related to blood lipid for DR.Understanding the relationship between dyslipidemia and DR can provide definite evidence for fat-reducing therapy for DR control.

The effects of salvia miltiorrhiza Bge (SMB) on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the left ventricle of spontaneously hypertensive rats and the action mechanism were investigated. Normal Wistar-kyoto (WKY) rats were used as negative control, and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly assigned to receive placebo or SMB. SMB (1 g/kg.d) was injected intraperitoneally for 12 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were measured. HE, VG and immunohistochemical staining combined with computed morphometry were employed to evaluate the cardiomyocyte size, diameter, the collagen volume fraction (CVF), perivascular circumferential area (PVCA), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression in the left ventricular tissue. The results showed, as compared with WKY rats, the SBP, LVMI, cardiomyocyte size, diameter, CVF, PCVA, and TNF-alpha expression were increased markedly in the 20-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats. SMB decreased LVMI (P<0.01), size of cardiomyocytes (P<0.01), collagen volume fraction (P<0.01), perivascular circumferential area (P<0.01), and TNF-alpha expression (P<0.01), but had no effect on SBP (P>0.05). It was suggested that chronic administration of SMB could inhibit and reverse the development of LVH in spontaneously hypertensive rats independent of BP. TNF-alpha may be involved in the reversal mechanism of LVH by SMB.

Objective: To explore the antagonism of selenium enriched Spirulina platensis(Se-SP) to hepatocirrhosis by enhancement of cell proliferation and selenoenzyme activity.Method: The male SD rat hepatocirrhosis model was induced by thioacetamide(TAA),and Se-SP was supplemented.Hepatic histological analysis was performed and relative content of collagen(RCC %) was estimated using IBAS 2000 system after Masson’s staining.Glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),thioredoxin reductases(TR) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in hepatocyte as well as hyaluronic acid(HA) in serum were determined.Expression index of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) in hepatocytes was detected by immu-nohistochemistry,and the level of synthesis of DNA in regenerative hepatocytes was analyzed by radio-immunity for incorporation of 3H-TDR.Results: Hepatocirrhosis was induced by TAA at 9w of the expeiment,and the obvious antagonism of Se-SP to hepatocirrhosis was obsewed after Se-SP supplementa-tion.12.5% rats of Se-Sp group were completely recovered at 15w of the experiment(6w after withdrawal of TAA).GSH-Px and TR activity in hepatocytes as well as PCNA and 3H-TDR incorporation rate in hepatocytes were obviously enhanced(P

The paper gives an account of the concept and significance of the people-oriented principle and explores its practice in hospital management,including adopting patient-centered humane management,intensifying job dedication,and enhancing the hospital's cohesive force and development potential.Patient-centered humane management includes adopting the system of no companions for the inpatients,respecting the patients and safeguarding their rights and interests,providing friendly and comfortable medical environments for the patients,managing in a scientific,rational and whole-course manner the diets of the patients,and offering quality medical services to the patients.

During L-lactic acid fermentation with Rhizopus oryzae,there existed a branch pathway by which pyruvate was transformed to eth- anol catalyzed by pyruvate decarboxylase(PDC)and alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH),thus decreasing the flux of pyruvate to lactic acid.In this study,the spores of Rhizopus oryzae AS3.3462 mutagenized with nitrosoguanidine(NTG),the appropriate dosage was 0.15 mg/mL and the lethal rate was 70%～80%.Two mutants,named mut-1 and mut-2,with decreased ADH activity were screened out by yeast peptone dextrose(YPD)agar medium containing allyl alcohol.These two mutants had decreased ADH activities of 41.63% and 50.29% compared with the parent strain.The fermentation behavior after 72h showed that the yields of ethanol produced by mut-1 and mut-2 were 4.87g/L and 6.56g/L respectively,while the wild type strain was 28.9g/L,and the lactate concentrations of mut-1 and mut-2 also increased from 40.31g/L to 54.45g/L and 44.07 g/L,respectively.It is also found that mut-1 and mut-2 had a high reducing sugar consumption rate and biomass accumulation than its present strain

Objective:To prepare magnetic poly D, L-lactide-co-glycolide oxymatrine nanoparticle(M-PLGA-OM-NP) and investigate its preventive effects against experimental liver fibrosis. Methods: The M-PLGA-OM-NP was prepared by multiple emulsion process and observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM). Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis was established with mice. After intervention with M-PLGA-OM-NP, the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) in the livers of mice was detected by immunohistochemical assay and the score of liver fibrosis was determined by H-E staining and Van Gieson (VG) staining. Results: The prepared M-PLGA-OM-NP was in a regular sphere shape, with a mean diameter of 146.5 nm; the drug loading was 7.61% and the encapsulation ratio was 44.8%. The serum Alt level in the M-PLGA-OM-NP group was decreased compared with that in the model group. Light microscopy revealed that the fibrosis in the M-PLGA-OM-NP group was greatly improved compared with the model group and pure oxymatrine group. The expression of a-SMA, the marker of hepatic stellate cell activation, was obviously decreased in the M-PLGA-OM-NP group compared with that in the other groups.Conclusion: The prepared M-PLGA OM-NP under magnetic field can reinforce the preventive effect of oxymatrine against DMNinduced experimental liver fibrosis in mice. Conclusion: The prepared M-PLGA-OM-NP under magnetic field can reinforce the preventive effect of oxymatrine against DMNinduced experimental liver fibrosis in mice.

Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; therapy ; Humans ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes ; therapy

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Leukemia ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Vaccination