Objective: To investigate the effect of edaravone on the pain sensitivity in rats with spinal nerve ligated and to probe into the related mechanism. Methods: Male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: a sham (Sham) group, a spinal nerve ligation (SNL) group and edaravone(Eda) group. The paw withdrawal mechanical threshold(PWMT) was measured before and after ligation (once daily for 7 days). Rats were sacrificed at specified time points and the left(operation side) L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia(DRG) and the right (control side) L5 DRG were obtained and immunostained to observe the changes of pJNK in DRG neurons and spinal cords, so as to observe the effect of edaravone on pJNK. Results: Edaravone can reduce the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by spinal nerve ligation. Immunostaining showed that the SNL group had an increased pJNK in the ipsilateral DRG neurons (L5) 24 hours after ligation; double immunofluorescence indicated that the expression of pJNK in the ipsilateral spinal astrocytes was increased 3 days after ligation. Edaravone can reduce pJNK expression in DRG neurons and spinal cords at corresponding time points. Conclusion: Edaravone can relieve the neuropathic pain induced by spinal nerve ligation, and the mechanism might be related to the inhibition of pJNK expression in DRG neurons and spinal cords.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a non-selective cation channel, which can be activated by multiple pathways during the course of the diseases. Recent studies indicate that primary sensory neurons of the pancreas express TRPV1 receptor and the activation of TRPV1 receptor promotes pancreatic inflammation. Moreover, blockade of these transient receptor potential channels can greatly ameliorate the pain response in experimental pancreatitis.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy

Objective To explore the feasibility of language sample analysis in assessment of language development in children in order to provide evidences for its clinical application. Methods The study population consisted of a cross-sectional sample of 50 preschool Putonghua-speaking children aged 4 to 6 years. The data on measurement of utterance length (MLU) and lexical diversity (D) were computed from 20 minutes' conversational language samples, and correlation analysis was conducted among MLU, D, age, Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT). Splited sample analysis by comparing MLU of first one hundred utterances and MLU of last one hundred utterance, D of odd lexicals and D of even lexicals were conducted to test the validity of language sample indictors. Results MLU and D development of the preschool Putonghua-speaking children were positively related to age. MLU, D, age, verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ) and PPVT were associated with each other (P<0.05 or P≤0.01) except age and VIQ(P>0.05). There were significant correlations between MLU of first one hundred utterances and MLU of last one hundred utterances and between D of odd lexicals and D of even lexicals(P=0.000). Conelusion Language sample analysis proves to be feasible in assessment of language development in preschool children aged 4 to 6 years.

Cellulase was produced by growing Penicillium sp. NXP25 in liquid medium consisted of 5% com cob powder, 3% wheat bran, 0.35% nitrogen source No 10 and 0.3% calcium chloride. The optimum culture conditions were initial pH 5.0, 10% mycelial inoculum, temperature 29℃, shaking speed 280r/min and cultivation time 72h. When determining enzyme activity at 50℃, endo-1, 4-?-glucanase activity, extro-1, 4-?-glucanase activity, ?-glucosidase activity and filter paper enzyme activity of the supernatant of the culture were 841u/mL, 13u/mL, 24u/mL and 46u/mL, respectively. The optimum pH and temperature for the action of the above enzymes were pH 4.8 and60℃, pH5.0 and 50℃, pH 4.5 and 70℃, pH 5.0 and 55℃, respectively. Stable pH range of the above enzymes were 3.0-7.0, 4.0~6.0, 4.0~7.0 and 4.0~6.0, respectively. After incubating the enzyme complex at 65C for 30min, 24% of endo-1, 4-?-glucanase activity, 7% of extro-1, 4-?-glucanase activity, 89%of ?-glucosidase activity and 8% of filter paper enzyme activity were remained, respctively.

Objective To investigate the expressions of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) protein and mRNA in the lung of rats with hepatopulmonary syndrome. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: sham operation (SO), intrahepatic portal hypertension (IHPH), prehepatic portal hypertension (PHPH) and portasymstimic shunt (PCS). Two weeks after preparation of rat models, the following measurements were performed: arterial blood gas analysis; the concentrations of NO in lungs; in situ hybridization of ecNOS and iNOS mRNA expressions in lung tissue sections with digoxin-labeled ecNOS and iNOS oligonucleotide probes; expressions of ecNOS and iNOS proteins by immunohistochemisty; image and semiquantitative analysis of the expressions of ecNOS, iNOS and their mRNA. Results PaO_ 2 was (73.85?6.51) mmHg in IHPH rats, significantly lower than that in PHPH, PCS and SO rats97.39? 1.33, 95.23?2.22 and (99.05?0.75)mmHg, respectively.The level of lung NO of IHPH was(19.78?5.33)?mol per gram of protein,much higher than that of PHPH, PCS and SO 13.21?3.99,13.89?3.16 and (8.71?1.68)?mol per gram of protein,respectively. In capillary endothelia, positive expressions of ecNOS mRNA and ecNOS protein in IHPH(4.96?0.82,4.11?0.28) were significantly higher than those of PHPH (1.81? 0.39, 1.63?0.18), PCS (1.88?0.53,1.83?0.16)and SO(1.19?0.32,0.98?0.20). Conclusion The expressions of NOS protein and mRNA in the lung of rats with hepatopulmonary syndrome were increased, and the level of lung NO was elevated, which seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatopulmonary syndrome.

Animals ; Oocytes ; metabolism ; physiology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; physiology ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X ; physiology ; Xenopus laevis

BACKGROUND: The quality of life(QOL) of patients with lung cancer is ffected due to depression, reduced lung function, subjective reduced body force, fatigue, and poor stamina, etc., and the survival of the patientswould be affected by complications or advanced stage cachexia.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between three gene proteins including p53, p27 and bcl-2 and the pathological characters of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).DESIGN: An experimental trial by employing pathological specimens as subjects.SETTING: Department of respiration of a university affiliated hospital and the Central laboratory of a university.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 76 specimens of NSCLC after surgical resection between June 1997 and December 2002, which were all primary lung cancer without any other therapy.METHODS: The expression of three gene proteins in 76 NSCLC specimens was detected by SP immunohistochemical analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Positive expression of p53, p27 and bcl-2.RESULTS: Among 76 specimens, 28 cases(37%, 28/76) with excessive expression of p53, 34 cases(45%, 34/76) with excessive expression of p27, 37 cases(49%, 37/76) with excessive expression of bcl-2, and 7 cases with excessive expression in all three proteins. The positive expression of p53 elevated with the reduced gradation in differentiation; bcl-2 and p27positive expressions reduced with the reduced gradation in differentiation and there was significant difference between high-differentiation group and low-differentiation group( P ＜ 0. 05) . However, there was no significant relationship between the positive expressions of three proteins and the histological classification, lymph node metastasis, and pathological aging of lung cancer( P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The excessive expression of p53, p27 and bcl-2 genes might be related with the occurrence and development of NSCLC.

Objective To analyze relevant factors causing pancreatic fistula post pancreaticoduodenectomy with ex-ternal drainage of pancreatic duct. Methods Altogether 133 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy with exter-nal drainage of pancreatic duct in our hospital from 1999 to 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relevance of pancreatic fistula with age, gender, combined diseases, pancreatic duct diameter, patho-logical types, preoperative total bilirubin (TBIL), albumin (ALB) levels, drainage of the bile duct before operation, obstruc-tion of the pancreatic duct drainage and postoperative application of growth somatostatin. Then we also analyzed the relation-ship between those risk factors and the severity of pancreatic fistula. Results Postoperative pancreatic fistula occurred in 24 cases (3 cases were of grade A,13 cases were of grade B and 8 cases were of grade C) among the 133 patients. Logistic re-gression analysis showed that obstruction of the pancreatic duct drainage is a major risk factor of pancreatic fistula in these patients(OR=4.529,P=0.005). The patients whose pancreatic duct drainage was obstructed had a significantly higher pan-creatic fistula rate than the patients whose drainage was not obstructed (30.8%vs 12.8%, P＜0.05). The occurrence of pan-creatic fistula has no significant correlation with age, gender, combined diseases, pancreatic duct diameter, pathological types, preoperative TBIL, ALB level, preoperative bile duct drainage and postoperative application of somatostatin. What’s more, in those pancreatic fistula patients, the pancreatic fistulas were more severe in the obstructed ones than those in the un-obstructed ones. Conclusion The obstruction of the pancreatic duct drainage is a major risk factor of pancreatic fistula post pancreaticoduodenectomy with external drainage of pancreatic duct. If adequate preventive measures were employed during operation , the incidence of pancreatic fistula and pancreatic fistula severity will be significantly reduced.

AIM:To investigate the roles of ClC-3 chloride channels in the regulation of cell cycle and the re-lationship between ClC-3 chloride channels and the cell cycle regulators , such as cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4, CDK6, P21 and P27 in the HeLa cells.METHODS:ClC-3 genes were silenced by the siRNA technique in the HeLa cells.The transfection efficiency of ClC-3 siRNA was detected by real-time PCR.The cell cycle distribution was ana-lyzed by the flow cytometry .The protein expression of ClC-3, P21, P27, CDK4, CDK6 and cyclin D1 was determined by Western blot .RESULTS:ClC-3 was knocked down by ClC-3 siRNA in the HeLa cells .Transfection of the cells with ClC-3 siRNA arrested the cells at G0/G1 phases, decreased the expression of cyclin D1, CDK4 and CDK6, and increased the expression of P21 and P27.CONCLUSION:ClC-3 plays an important role in the cell cycle of HeLa cells through the G 1-S transition point.ClC-3 may regulate the cell cycle progression by up-regulation of cyclin D1, CDK4 and CDK6 expression and/or by down-regulation of P21 and P27 expression.