Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor with high invasiveness and metastasis that occurs mainly in children and adolescents. The pathogenesis of osteosarcoma remains unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of nucleotides non-coding RNAs, can regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level through binding to target mRNAs. Besides, MiRNAs takes control of many important pathophysiological processes in molecular level, including the initiation and invasiveness of osteosarcoma.This review summarizes the roles of miRNAs in initiation,development,transformation and chemoresistance of osteosarcoma to bring new ideas for both pathogenesis exploration and targeted therapy of osteosarcoma.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the Hp eradication situation and safety of three kinds of drug regimen in the treatment of active chronic gastritis with helicobacter pykori(Hp)infection. METHODS:150 active chronic gastritis patients with Hp infection were randomly divided into group A(50 cases),group B(50 cases)and group C(50 cases). Group A received Omeprazole enter-ic-coated capsule 20 mg,orally,twice a day+Amoxycillin capsules 1.0 g,orally,3 times a day+Clarithromycin tablet 0.5 g,oral-ly,once a day. Group B additionally received Colloidal bismuth pectin capsule 150 mg,orally,3 times a day. Group C received Omeprazole enteric-coated capsule 20 mg,orally,twice a day+Amoxycillin capsules 1.0 g,orally,3 times a day,1-5 d,Omepra-zole enteric-coated capsule 20 mg,orally,twice a day+ Clarithromycin tablets 0.5 g,orally,once a day+Metronidazole tablet 0.4 g,twice a day,6-10 d. All patients treated for 10 d. Effective rate of pain relief,relief time of pain and gastrointestinal symptoms, Hp eradication rate,recurrence after 12 follow-up and the incidence of adverse reactions in all groups were observed. RESULTS:Effective rate of pain relief and Hp eradication rate in group C were higher than group B,followed by group A,relief time of pain and gastrointestinal symptoms,recurrence rate in group C were lower than group B,which was lower than group A,with signifi-cant differences (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in group C was lower than group A and group B,with significant differences (P<0.05);while there was no significant difference in group A and group B (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Taking omeprazole in stages combined with antibiotics can effectively relieve abdominal pains,shorten disease course,improve Hp eradica-tion rate,reduce long-term recurrence rate in the treatment of active chronic gastritis with Hp infection,with good safety.

Objective To observe the changes of circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (CP-RNFL)thickness and optic disk parameters in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) eyes.Methods Prospective clinical case-control study.A total of 25 patients (42 eyes) with RP were in the RP group,and 42 age matched healthy subjects (84 eyes) in the control group.All subjects underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination,in which 37 eyes with 3D optic disk scanning and 5 eyes with circle optic disk scanning.The parameters included average thickness of entire CP-RNFL,thickness of nasal,superior,temporal and inferior quadrant of CP-RNFL,disc area,disc cup area,rim area,cup/disc (C/D) area ratio,C/D horizontal diameter ratio,C/D vertical diameter ratio,disc cup volume and disc rim volume.Results The average thickness and the thickness of temporal and nasal quadrants of CP-RNFL in RP group were significantly thicker than the control group (t=2.27,3.73,6.44;P=0.027,0.00,0.00),while the thickness of inferior and superior areas were the same as control group(t=-1.49,-1.19;P=0.14,0.24).The disc area,disc cup area,C/D area ratio,C/D horizontal diameter ratio,C/D vertical diameter ratio,disc cup volume in RP group were significantly bigger than control group (P＜0.05),while rim area and rim volume were not significant differences (t=1.75,0.40;P=0.08,0.59).Conclusion In comparison with the healthy subjects,the average thickness and temporal and nasal areas of CP-RNFL in RP eyes were thicker,and the disc area,disc cup area,C/D area ratio,C/D horizontal diameter ratio,C/D vertical diameter ratio,disc cup volume in RP eyes were bigger.

Objective To observe the effect of 7 kinds of Chinese herbs(Pericarpium Arecae, Folium Sennae, Fructus Tsaoko, Fructus Amomi, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Fructus Aurantii, Fructus Aurantii I mmaturus), and 2 kinds of active compounds (bornyl acetate, synephrine) of Chinese herbals on gastrointestinal motility of chronic experimental beagle model. Methods Six beagles were used for inducing chronic experimental model. The beagles’antrum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon were implanted with strain gauges to record canine gastrointestinal motility. Gastric fistula was set up for the intake of Chinese medicine decoction, and the external jugular vein catheter was made for intravenous administration. After modeling, the fasting gastrointestinal motility features of the beagles were observed for 120 min every day, and for 7 continuous days. From the 7th day after modeling, fasting gastrointestinal motility before medication was recorded as fundamental control, and when the interdigestive migrating motor complex (MMC) I phase arrived, the gastrointestinal motilities were sequently recorded after treatment with the 7 kinds of herbs(gavage of 200 mL of the decoction of each herb through gastric fistula), normal saline(200 mL), bornyl acetate(active ingredient of Fructus Aurantii and Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, intravenous injection), and synephrine (active ingredient of Fructus Amomi, intravenous injection). All of the animals were treated with only one kind of Chinese herb one day , and the observation of each herb lasted for 2 continuous days. MMC cycle, frequency of contraction, sum of contraction, amplitude of contraction, average of amplitude, and motor index (MI) were observed by strain gauges. Results On postoperative day 1-6, the animals had gastrointestinal hypomotility and no MMC cycle was recorded. On postoperative day 7, the canine antrum, duodenum, jejunum and ileum showed typical MMC cycle while the colon had irregular MMC cycle at fasting interdigestive period. Compared with the gastrointestinal motilities before treatment and those of the normal saline group, the number of contraction waves and MI were significantly increased in the antrum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon after intervention with Pericarpium Arecae and bornyl acetate, were increased in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon after treatment with Folium Sennae and Fructus Tsaoko (P<0.05), and were also enhanced in the antrum and duodenum after administration of Fructus Amomi(P < 0.05). Treatment with Fructus Aurantii induced the decrease of MI in the jejunum, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus decreased MI of the jejunum and colon, and synephrine decreased the number of antrum contraction waves and MI of the antrum and jejunum(P < 0.05). Conclusion The chronic experimental model is effective for the screening of Chinese herbs for improving gastrointestinal motility. Pericarpium Arecae, Folium Sennae, Fructus Tsaoko, Fructus Amomi, and bornyl acetate can increase gastrointestinal motility, while Fructus Aurantii, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and synephrine can inhibit the gastrointestinal movement, and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae has no effect on gastrointestinal motility.

Objective To explore whether polymorphisms in non-coding RNA has potential as biomarkers for predicting the risk of kidney transplantation rejection.Methods A total of 79 patients who had received kidney transplants were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University and divided into the rejection group (n =26) and non-rejection group (n =53).Four polymorphisms in miRNA and 8 polymorphisms in lncRNA were detected by MALDI-TOF-MS.Results When compared with the wild genotype,the mutation genotype in miR-27a rs895819 and lnc-LRFN2-2 rs61516247 had 11.72 and 4.87 folds increased risk of kidney transplantation rejection (P =0.046,OR=1.04-131.74 and P =0.047,95％ CI =1.02-23.21,respectively).The other three polymorphisms in miRNA and 7 polymorphisms in lncRNA showed no significant associations with transplantation rejection risk (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The miR-27a rs895819 and lnc-LRFN2-2 rs61516247 polymorphisms were associated with the risk of kidney transplantation rejection.

DiGeorge Syndrome ; genetics ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Twins, Monozygotic

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of saikosaponin-b2 (SS-b2) on acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) and its inhibition on endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in mice. METHODS Sixty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal control, model, SS-b2 (5, 10 and 20 mg·kg-1) and silymarin (10 mg·kg-1) groups. Mice were ig given different drugs or saline for 7 d. Two hours after the last administration, mice were IP given 5% CCI4 to induce acute liver injury, except those in normal control group. The activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in mouse serum were detected by colorimetric method. Pathological changes in liver tissue were detected by HE staining. The expression levels of protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK), phospho-eukaryotic initiation factory 2a (p-elF2α), activating transcrIPtion factor-4(ATF4), glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) were detected by immuno-histochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS Compared with the normal control group, the activities of GPT and GOT and the content of MDA in mouse serum in model group were significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), but the activity of SOD was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Meanwhile, the expression levels of PERK, p-elF2α, ATF4, GRP78 and CHOP in the liver tissue were significantly increased in the model group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, SS-b2 groups significantly reduced the activity of GPT, GOT and the content of MDA in the serum of acute liver injury mice (P<0.05, P<0.01), but increased the activity of SOD (P<0.01), and the expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway proteins mentioned above were significantly reduced (P<0.05, P<0.01). HE staining results showed that different concentrations of SS-b2 could significantly improve the swelling of hepatocytes, the dissolution of nuclei around hepatic lobules, and the arrangement disorder of hepatic cords induced by CCI4 in mice. The cell morphology was obviously improved. CONCLUSION SS-b2 has a significant protective effect on CCL-induced acute liver injury in mice. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress and down-requlation of the expressions of ERS related protein.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of prognosis of gram-positive bacteria associated nosocomial bloodstream infections,and to investigate the drug resistance of the strains.Methods A total of 132 patients with gram-positive bacteria associated nosocomial bloodstream infections were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University during January 2010 and December 2012.Clinical data including demographic characteristics,underlying diseases,risk factors and use of antibacterial agents were retrospectively analyzed.According to 28-day prognosis,patients were divided into survival group (n =97) and death group (n =35).Binary logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors of 28-day fatality.Results Among 132 patients,49 (37.12％) were infected with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus,46 (34.85％) were infected with Staphylococcus aureus,37 (28.03％)were infected with Enterococcus.The rates of methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci (MRCNS) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were 77.55％ (38/49) and 54.35％ (25/46),respectively.The rate of linezolid resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci was 8.16％ (4/49) ; Four out of 37 strains (10.81％) of Enterococcus were both resistant to vancomycin and linezolid.Binary logistic regression showed that septic shock (OR =34.344,95％ CI:6.539-180.389,P =0.000),deep venous catheterization (OR =13.411,95％ CI:1.877-95.832,P =0.010),no catheter removal after infection (OR =8.759,95％ CI:2.197-34.911,P =0.002),parenteral nutrition (OR =3.684,95％ CI:1.072-12.663,P =0.038),inappropriate antibacterial therapy in early stage (OR =12.951,95％ CI:2.075-80.836,P =0.006) and Enterococcus associated bloodstream infections (OR =4.227,95％ CI:1.090-16.394,P =0.037) were independent risk factors of 28-day fatality in patients with gram-positive bacteria associated nosocomial bloodstream infections.Conclusions The predominant pathogens are coagulase-negative Staphylococcus,Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus in gram-positive bacteria associated nosocomial bloodstream infections.Patients with septic shock,deep venous catheterization,no catheter removal after infection,parenteral nutrition,inappropriate antibacterial therapy in early stage and Enterococcus associated bloodstream infections are likely to have high fatality rate.

AIM: To investigate the feasibility and clinical effect of punctoplasty by using trabeculectomy punch combined with a novel RS tube for the treatment of punctal stenosis.METHODS: Totally 39 patients (39 eyes) with punctual stenosis were selected from October 2013 to October 2015 in the Second People`s Hospital of Foshan.All patients underwent punctoplasty by using trabeculectomy punch combined with a novel RS tube.These tubes were removed at 3mo after operation.A follow-up of 6mo was taken for final analysis.The fluorescein dye disappearance test score was recorded before the operation and at 1,3 and 6mo after the extubation.The curative effect of the operation at 6mo after the extubation was assess.RESULTS: Fluorescein dye disappearance test: the scores at 1,3 and 6mo after the extubation all decreased compared with the preoperative ones.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).At the last following up, 35 eyes (90%) were cured completely, 4 eyes (10%) were improved significantly, no patients recurred.Effective rate was 100%.No serious intraoperative and postoperative complications happened.CONCLUSION: Punctoplasty by using trabeculectomy punch combined with novel RS tubes is a safe and effective method for the punctul stenosis, which is easy to perform, with high success rate.

Objective To explore the practicability and safety of the application of Percutaneous Vertebroplasty puncture (PVP) needle as a saw guide in the Total En-bloc Spondylectomy (TES) of thoracic and lumbar tumor through single posterior approach.Methods From June 2017 to March 2018,four patients with thoracic and lumbar vertebral neoplasms were analyzed retrospectively.They included 2 males and 2 females,which aged 50-77 years with an average age of 63.75 years.There were 1 case of Tomita 5 grade T7 lymphoma,1 case of Tomita 3 grade T5 metastasis of lung cancer,1 case of Tomita 5 grade T9 metastasis of prostate cancer and 1 case of Tomita 4 grade L2 metastasis of renal cancer.The PVP needle combined with the modified "3-step" method was applied in TES for 4 cases through posterior approach.The operative time and intraoperative blood loss were recorded.The integrity of excised vertebra and postoperative complications were observed.The visual analogue score (VAS) was evaluated to assess the pain improvement.The ASIA classification was evaluated for the assessment of neurological function of thoracic vertebral tumor cases and the muscle strength grades was evaluated for the assessment of neurological function of lumbar vertebral tumor cases.Results In all 4 cases,the vertebra was removed entirely.The average operation time was 4.9 h (4.0-6.5 h)and average blood loss was 3 200 ml (800-9 000 ml).No pachymeninx injury,cerebrospinal fluid leakage,iatrogenic spinal cord injury or vascular injury occurred.During the surgery,the saw-cutting plane is firmly located in the intervertebral disc and no slippage of the cutting plane was observed.Postoperatively,the pain was significantly alleviated.The VAS score decreased to average 1.75 points (1-2 points) after surgery,average reduction of 5.75 points (5-7 points).The neurological deficit was not aggravated in all patients.The neurological improvement of one grade was observed in 3 patients.Two cases of thoracic vertebral tumor had a grade of ASIA classification improved from grade B to grade C.One case of lumbar vertebral tumor had a grade of lower limb muscle strength improved from grade 3 to grade 4.No recurrence of tumor was observed at average 8.1 months (3.5-12 months) followup and 1 case of bone metastasis of lung cancer had intermittent intercostal neuralgia.Conclusion It is feasible and safe to apply PVP puncture needle as a saw guide in TES of thoracic and lumbar tumor through single posterior approach,on the basis of this,the "3-step" intervertebral disc truncation technique is developed,which has good practicability and high safety.