During L-lactic acid fermentation with Rhizopus oryzae,there existed a branch pathway by which pyruvate was transformed to eth- anol catalyzed by pyruvate decarboxylase(PDC)and alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH),thus decreasing the flux of pyruvate to lactic acid.In this study,the spores of Rhizopus oryzae AS3.3462 mutagenized with nitrosoguanidine(NTG),the appropriate dosage was 0.15 mg/mL and the lethal rate was 70%～80%.Two mutants,named mut-1 and mut-2,with decreased ADH activity were screened out by yeast peptone dextrose(YPD)agar medium containing allyl alcohol.These two mutants had decreased ADH activities of 41.63% and 50.29% compared with the parent strain.The fermentation behavior after 72h showed that the yields of ethanol produced by mut-1 and mut-2 were 4.87g/L and 6.56g/L respectively,while the wild type strain was 28.9g/L,and the lactate concentrations of mut-1 and mut-2 also increased from 40.31g/L to 54.45g/L and 44.07 g/L,respectively.It is also found that mut-1 and mut-2 had a high reducing sugar consumption rate and biomass accumulation than its present strain

Objective To explore drinking water pollution by algae in Wuhan. Methods Sampling was carried out in different kinds of tap waters and tank waters for algae detection and identification. Results The detection rate of algae in tap waters was 89% in tank water it was 86% and at the same spot the genera and number of algae in the tank waters increased by 37% and 60% compared with the tap waters respectively. Conclusion Drinking water has been polluted by algae in different degree in Wuhan.

Objective: To study the anti-aging effect of polypeptides from Fructus Lycii(PFL) on D-galactose(D-gal) induced aging model mice and the possible mechanism. Methods: Sixty ICR mice were randomly divided nto normal control group, D-gal induced model group, PFL 200, 400 and 800 mg/(kg · d) groups and vitamin E(VitE) 100 mg/(kg · d) group. D-gal aging mouse model was established by cervicodorsal region subcutaneous injection with D-gal(10 mg/kg) once a day for five successive weeks. In the meantime, drugs were given by intragastric administration respectively n PFL and Vit E treatment groups. The effect of PFL on learning and memory ability of mice was observed. After 5 weeks, the superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, malondialdehyde(MDA) content and telomerase activity in serum, heart, liver and brain tissues of mice were measured. Results: Compared with normal control group, for aging model mice, the weight increasement declined, the number of errors in step-down test increased, the SOD and tolemerase activities in serum heart, liver and brain tissues dropped, and the MDA content was raised, P<0.01. Compared with model group, for the mice in PFL and VitE treatment groups, the weight increasement rised(P<0.01), the error number in step-down test decreased(P<0.05), the SOD activity in serum, heart, liver and brain tissues enhanced, and the MDA content reduced (P<0.01). The telomerase activity in serum and heart of 400, 800 mg/(kg · d) PFL and VitE treatment groups also increased significantly than model group, while that in liver and brain did not change. Conclusion: PFL have anti-aging effect on D-gal induced aging mice, and the action mechanism is related to the increasement of SOD activity, the decreasement of MDA content in serum, heart, liver and brain of D-gal aging mice, and the increasement of telomerase activity in serum and heart.

Objective To study the expression and significance of ?-catenin in keratosic dermatosis and non-melanocytic skin tumors. Methods ?-catenin expression was determined in 10 specimens of normal skin,10 cases of seborrheic keratosis(SK),26 cases of actinic keratosis(AK),17 cases of Bowen's disease(BD) and 35 cases of primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) by immunohistochemical EnVision two-step staining method. Results The expression of ?-catenin was significantly higher in SK,AK,BD and SCC than in normal skin(P0.05),but that was significantly lower in SK and AK than in BD(P0.05). Conclusion The cytoplasmic and/or nuclear expression of ?-catenin may play a role in the progression from normal skin to keratosic dermatosis and non-melanocytic skin tumors.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Intraoperative Period ; Middle Aged ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Recovery of Function ; Smell ; Young Adult

Adult ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Ear Neoplasms ; Ear, Middle ; pathology ; Female ; Humans

Objective To study the expression and clinicopathological significance of Paxillin and CAⅨ in the benign and malignant lesions of gallbladder.Methods The surgical resected specimens of 108 cases of gallbladder adenocarcinoma, 46 cases of peritumoral tissue, 15 cases of adenomatous polyp and 35 cases of chronic cholecystitis were routinely made paraffin embedded sections.The expressions of Paxillin and CAⅨ were stained with Envision immunohistochemistry.Results The positive rates of Paxillin and CAⅨ expression was significantly higher in gallbladder adenocarcinoma (60.2% and 49.1%) than those in peritumoral tissues (26.1%, x2 =15.00, P ＜0.01 and 23.9%,x2=8.41,P ＜0.01), adenomatous polyp (20.0%,x2=8.60,P＜0.01 and 20.0%,x2 =4.49,P＜0.05) and chronic cholecystitis(14.3% ,x2 =22.89, P＜0.01 and 11.4%,x2 =15.63,P ＜0.01).All the gallbladder epithelia of the benign cases with Paxillin and CA Ⅸ positive expression showed moderate to severe atypical hyperplasia.The positive expression rates of Paxillin and CA Ⅸ were significanctly lower in the cases of well-differentiated, maximal diameter of mass less than 2 cm, no lymph nodes metastasis and no surrounding tissues invasion than those of the cases with poorly differentiated, maximal diameter of mass over 2 cm, lymph nodes metastasis and surrounding tissues invasion.With Kaplan-Meier analysis, it suggested that the survival period after the surgery in Paxillin and CAⅨ positive expression cases was shorter than that of negative expression cases (x2 = 5.65,P＜0.05,5.65=5.92, P＜0.01).With multivariate Cox regression analysis, it indicated that both Paxillin and CAⅨ positive expression was an important indicator of the poor prognosis in gallbladder adenocarcinoma.Conclusion The expression of Paxillin and CA Ⅸ may be closely related to the carcinogenesis, tumor biological behaviors, and prognosis of gallbladder adenocarcinoma.The positive expression of Paxillin and/or CAⅨ is associated with poor prognosis.

Objective To investigate the association of inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) expression with the expression of mutation type p53 (mt p53) in prostatic carcinoma (PCa). Methods The expression levels of iNOS and mt p53 were in 28 PCa specimens and 10 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were detected by immunohistochemical method. Results The expression levels of both iNOS and mt p53 in PCa were higher than those in BPH. The expression of iNOS was related to the expression of p53 protein. Conclusion iNOS and mt p53 may play a role in the pathogenesis of PCa.