The distributions of estrogen receptors in preoptic region of hypothalamus, anterior lobe of pituitary gland, mammary gland, thymus and liver of LACA and C57 BL strains of mice were studied by ~3H-estradiol and autoradiography in frozen sections.In both strains of mice, labelling index (LI) was more than 85％ in preoptic region of hypothalamus and anterior lobe of pituitary gland, and average number of silver grains (AG) was more than 19. LI and AG of epithelial cells of mammary glands in LACA strain of mice were quite high, 96％ and 12 respectively; but in C57BL strain of mice were only 5％ and 5 respectively. A few hepatic cells and lymphocytes of thymus were labelled.According to the above results the reason of why mammary carcinoma of female LACA strain of mice and adenoma of pituitary gland of C57BL strain of mice could 15e easily induced by estrogenic hormones (estradiol valerate and hydroxyprogesterone caproate, EP), but no mammary carcinoma was induced in C57BL strain of mice by EP, and this can be partly explained by the presence of a large or few number of estrogen receptors. However, the presence of estrogen receptors was only a prerequisite but not a unique condition. Other factors should be considered, because many more estrogen receptors were present in preoptic region of hypothalamus of both strains of mice and anterior lobe of pituitary gland of LACA strain of mice, but few or no tumors could be induced by EP.

To explore the connotation and essence of treatment of winter diseases in summer with analysis and deduction. Treating winter diseases in summer is the concrete embodiment and application of taking advantage of "recuperating yang in spring and summer". Winter diseases are formed by compound factors with deficiency of yangqi as the prerequisite and yin as well as cold as the predominant pathogens. Its pathological characteristic rests with stagnation in meri-dians and collaterals. Aiming at curing chronic diseases, reinforcing yangqi and removing stagnation in meridians and collaterals, treatment in summer is a treating strategy focused on proper opportunity of treatment, which is expected to yield twice the result with half the effort. To select the suitable indications is taken as the core of this treating strategy. And at the same time, blind expansion without careful consideration is not suggested.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Disease ; classification ; Humans ; Seasons ; Time Factors

In this paper we present a study on the microscopic identification of Dingkundan.For this purpose,a total of 29 constitutive Chinese medicines in Dingkundan were all detected and the characters of every constitutive Chinese medicine for microscopic identification were briefly described.We also provide the microscopic character pictures attached.

Clinical practice is an important step in medical education. However,its effect is now becoming worse and worse because of the influence of employment difficulties,post-grad-uate entrance exam and medical environment. It is hard to resolve these problems by simply education method. These problems are very common in management and can be found in prejob training,employee loyalty and quality management,respectively. It is a new approach to improve clinical practice education by enhancing teachers'management ability.

Hearing ; Hearing Aids ; Prostheses and Implants

Carotid Body Tumor ; genetics ; Humans ; Paraganglioma ; genetics

Animals ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Streptococcal Infections ; epidemiology ; etiology ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Streptococcus suis ; immunology ; physiology ; Vaccination

Grasses infected by endophytes have an extraordinary impact on the ecology and economy of pasture and turf. In this review, we presented recent research progress on origin and evolution, biological and ecological impact, and perspective of the association in order to make full use of the widely distributed endophyte resources.

Objective: To observe the pathological changes of nucleus pulposus (NP) in cervical spondylosis patients and the expression of phosphorylated p38 mitogen activated protein kinase(p-p38 MAPK) in NP with the progression of cervical disc degeneration, in an attempt to explore the mechanism behind cervical disc degeneration. Methods NP specimens were collected from 35 patients with cervical spondylosis, who received surgical treatment during October 2008 to May 2009 in our hospital. The preoperative MRI (T2-weighted midsagittal images) information of all patients was obtained. The 35 cases included 25 males and 10 females, with an age range of 27-82 years. Five specimens were from a single space, 18 from two spaces, and 12 from three spaces; 4 specimens were from C3/4, 12 from C4/5,14 from C5/6, and 5 from C6/7. Nineteen specimens were used for pathology and immunohistochemistry study and 16 for Western blotting analysis. The degrees of disc degeneration were assessed by MRI grading system for cervical intervertebral disc degeneration. The pathological changes of NP of different degeneration grades and the location of p-p38 MAPK in NP were observed, and the relationship between the p-p38 MAPK and the degrees of MRI degeneration was analyzed. Results: With the aggravation of discs degeneration, the collagen fibers within NP were increased, thickened, and degraded, forming clusters, and the NP gradually became fibrotic. Phosphorylated p38 MAPK located in the cell nucleus of NP tissues. The positive rate of p-p38 MAPK increased gradually with the aggravation of degeneration, and the expression degrees of p-p38 MAPK (negative, weakly positive, strongly positive) were significantly different between groups of different degeneration degrees(P<0.05). A linear relationship was found between p-p38 MAPK expression and the degeneration degrees of cervical disc; Y = 0.423X-0.675 (P<0.05). Conclusion: Normal tissues are gradually replaced by fibrotic tissues in degenerated NP. Phosphorylated p38 MAPK is located in the cell nucleus of NP cells; the p-p38 MAPK plays important roles in the cervical intervertebral discs degeneration. Expression of phosphorylated p38 MAPK in NP increases with the aggravation of degeneration, suggesting that activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway may be one of the mechanisms for cervical disc degeneration.

0.05).Conclusion Epidural anesthesia with 0.75% ropivacaine and 0.5% levobupivacaine for cesarean section may produce equivalent clinical effects.Pharmacokinetic parameters of them are similar,with a good prospect for clinical application.