Objective To study the effectiveness of alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW)in the cleaning of medical instruments and its corrosive effect on metal. Methods Medical instruments of solid smooth,solid with gear or tube were cleaned with AEW adding ultrasonic washing,cleaning efficacy were compared with conventional method, AEW without pulsing ultrasonic washing and control group,corrosive effect of AEW on metal immersed in AEW was tested. Results Cleaning efficacy of solid smooth,solid with gear or tube instruments were significantly differ-ent among four groups(F= 10.868,14.268,6.146,respectively,all P<0.05). For solid smooth instruments, cleaning with AEW adding ultrasonic and cleaning without ultrasonic had a better effect than conventional cleaning (both P<0.005);For solid with gear instruments,AEW adding ultrasonic cleaning obviously had a better effect than conventional cleaning and AEW without ultrasonic cleaning(both P<0.001 );For tube instruments,cleaning efficacy of three cleaning methods were not significantly different (all P>0.05). AEW had no corrosive effect on stainless steel and copper. Conclusion The cleaning efficacy of AEW on solid smooth,solid with gear instruments is su-perior to conventional cleaning method,and can achieve better effectiveness if ultrasonic cleaning is added.

The effects of rapamycin on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein in in vitro cultured human lens epithelial cells (LECs) and cell cycle were investigated in order to provide the theoretical basis for the development of new inhibitory drugs for clinical prevention and treatment of after-cataract. The cultured LECs of second and third passages were collected and treated with rapamycin. The LECs were transferred into 96-well culture plates and divided into 6 groups, and each group was set to have 8 duplicate wells. In the negative control group, the LECs were given culture medium only, and in the blank control group, only culture medium was given. In the four rapamycin-treated groups, different concentrations (20, 40, 60 and 80 ng/mL) of rapamycin were given. After treatment for 24, 48 and 72 h, the absorbance (A) values in each well were determined by MTT assay. The cell cycles of all groups were detected by using flow cytometry. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RFQ-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax respectively. MTT assay showed that rapamycin could inhibit proliferation of LECs in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry revealed that rapamycin could block the conversion of LECs from G1 phase to S phase, resulting in the increase of cells in G(1) phase and the decrease of the cells in S phase. RFQ-PCR indicated that rapamycin could down-regulate the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA, but up-regulate the expression of Bax mRNA, suggesting it could induce apoptosis of LECs. Western blot demonstrated that rapamycin could suppress the expression of Bcl-2 protein, but promote the expression of Bax protein. It is concluded that rapamycin could inhibit proliferation of LECs probably not only by blocking the progression of cell cycle, but also by promoting the induction of apoptosis.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) gene Arg16Gly polymorphism and essential hypertension (EH) in elder (≥60 years old).Methods150 old healthy controls and 115 old patients with EH (all of them without kin relation) were selected to test genotype of β2-AR by the technique of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-PFLP).ResultsThe frequencies of three genotypes (Arg/Arg, Arg/Gly and Gly/Gly) were 22.81%, 53.51% and 23.68% in the EH group and 27.33%, 67.33% and 5.33% in the controls respectively. The frequencies of Arg and Gly allele were 49.56 % and 50.44% in the EH group, and 61.00% and 39.00% in the controls. There was a significant difference in distribution of alleles/genotypes between EH group and controls ( P<0.05).Conclusionβ2-AR Arg16Gly gene polymorphism is possibly associated with hypertension in this study population.

Existence of rays with different decay rate between radiotherapy CT bed and radiotherapy bed, this paper discusses the rate induced and identified two kinds of simple solution.
Equipment Failure ; Radiotherapy ; instrumentation ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; instrumentation

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Bloodletting ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Otitis Media ; therapy ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the causes of the misdiagnosis of spontaneous rupture of spleen.Methods 8 cases of spontaneous rupture of spleen during 1986～1998 were reviewed retrospectively.Results 5 cases were misdiagnosed, with the misdiagnosing rate of 62.5%.Conclusion For unknown upper bellyache accompanied with unexplainable loss of blood and with no history of trauma,the patients should be examined by B ultrasound or abdominal puncture should be peformed.If there is pathological process of liver and spleen such as schistosoma and hepatitis or the excessive functioning of spleen,the more attention should be paid to the occurrence of spontaneous rupture of spleen.Furthermore,the increase of the belly pressure caused by satiation or hard labour helps to diagnose such case.

Objective To observe the degree of choriocapillary ectasia (CCE) and sub-foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) with different activity and discuss their relations.Methods Forty eyes of 40 CSC patients were recruited.The activity of CSC was determinate by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA).There were 23 eyes with active CSC (active-CSC group),and 17 eyes with inactive CSC (inactive-CSC group).All eyes in both groups were examined with optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),and the CCE area of the choriocapillary layer was measured within a 3 mm× 3 mm zone centered on the central fovea of macula.Ectasia was classified based on CCE area,more than 66％ of examination area was high ectasia,and 33％-66％ as medium ectasia,below 33％ as low ectasia.SFCT was measured with frequency domain optical coherence tomography.The relationship between CCE degree,SFCT and CSC group was analyzed.Results Among the 23 eyes of active-CSC group,there were 5 eyes of low ectasia,12 eyes of medium ectasia,6 eyes of high ectasia.Among 17 eyes of inactive-CSC group,there were 11,4,2 eyes of low,medium and high ectasia respectively.Active-CSC group had more advanced degree of ectasia than that in inactive-CSC group(Z=-2.472,P=0.013).SFCT of active-CSC group and inactive-CSC group were (418.13±-126.15),(429.76±105.80) μm respectively,the difference was not significant (t=-0.308,P=0.760).SFCT in eyes with low ectasia,medium ectasia,high ectasia were (419.13±105.60),(381.00±125.12),(515.13±67.68) μm respectively.The difference among the three group was statistical significant (F=4.106,P=0.025).SFCT in eyes of high ectasia was obviously thicker than low ectasia and medium ectasia,the difference was statistical significant (P=0.007,0.048);the SFCT difference between low ectasia and medium ectasia did not appear statistical significance (P=0.326).There was no linear relation between SFCT and CCE degree (r=0.247,P =0.124).Conclusions Active-CSC eyes has more advanced CCE degree than inactive-CSC eyes,but SFCT is the same between the two groups.High ectasia eyes have thicker SFCT.

Objective:To compare the effects of a single dose of dexrazoxane or cAMP and their combined use on anthracycline cardiotoxicity in the multiple treatment course of patients with hematological malignancies to explore better alternatives for reducing an-thracycline cardiotoxicity. Methods: In the study, 80 patients were randomly divided into 4 groups with 20 cases each. Group A ( cAMP group) received cAMP 20 ml·d-1 for a week before every treatment course. Group B was treated with dexrazoxane and adria-mycin at a dosage ratio of 10∶1 via a fast intravenous drip 30 min before the application of anthracycline chemotherapy, and the 20 ml cAMP was given once a week before the chemotherapy session. Group C only received dexrazoxane. Anthracyclines was administered 30 min before each chemotherapy session. Groups A, B, and C were the experimental groups, and group D was designed as the blank control group. All groups received four complete cycles of chemotherapy. The ECG changes, echocardiography ( left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF) and B-type brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP) values of all the groups were observed before and after the chemotherapy. Results:As for the ECG changes, group B and C had lower incidence rate of abnormal ECG than group A and D(P<0. 008 3). Sig-nificantly decreased LVEF and increased BNP values were observed in group A, B and C compared with those in the control group ( P<0. 05), and group B showed the most significant effect. Conclusion:All of the studied treatments can effectively reduce anthracy-cline chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in cancer patients, and the combination of cAMP and dexrazoxane exhibits the best effect. Dexrazoxane has better protective effect on myocardial cells than cAMP.

Objective: To evaluate dimensions of the nasopalatine canal and the relationship between the canal and the central incisors, and the canal and the crest, by using cone-beam computed tomography ( CBCT) . Methods:This study included 129 CBCTs, and the sagittal slices were used to measure the lower diameter ( Sda) , median diameter ( Sdb) , and higher diameter ( Sdc) , for calculating the average sagittal diameter ( Sd ); the coronal slices through canals were used to measure the lower diameter ( Hda) , median diameter ( Hdb ) , and higher diameter ( Hdc ) for calculating the average horizontal diameter ( Hd) , length ( H);the sagittal slices were used to measure the buccal bone thickness off the canal ( Bt) , and the distance to the crest off the lowest point ( At) , the horizontal slices were used to measure the distance between the canal and the central incisors ( Id) . These subjects were divided into two groups by gender;and divided into three groups by ages: (1) ≤30 years old, (2) 31 -50 years old, and (3) ≥51 years old. SPSS 17. 0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. Results:The overall Sd was (3. 41 ± 0. 87) mm, the Hd was (5. 16 ± 0. 93) mm, and the difference was statisti-cally significant. The H was (14. 29 ± 3. 27) mm, the Bt was (7. 49 ± 1. 05) mm, the At was (8. 25 ± 1. 71) mm, and the Id was (2. 71 ± 0. 89) mm. Of the male and female, the Sd were (3. 64 ± 0. 90) mm and (3. 28 ± 0. 82) mm, P=0. 017; the Hd were (4. 98 ± 0. 89) mm and (5. 27 ± 0. 94) mm, P=0. 081;the H were (15. 47 ± 2. 75) mm and (13. 59 ± 3. 32) mm, P=0. 001;the Bt were (7. 90 ± 0. 96) mm and (7. 25 ± 1. 03) mm, P=0. 001; the At were (7. 41 ± 1. 86) mm and (8. 44 ± 1. 90) mm, P=0. 001; the Id were (2. 71 ± 0. 87) mm and (2. 72 ± 0. 91) mm, P =0. 983. Among the groups, no statistically significant differences were detected of the Sd (P =0. 325), of the Hd (P =0 . 636 ) , of the H ( P=0 . 292 ) , and of the Bt ( P=0 . 116 );statistically significant differences were de-tected of the At ( P=0 . 010 ) , and of the Id ( P<0 . 001 ) . Conclusion:The nasopalatine canal anatomy is highly variable. Gender is related to the nasopalatine canal length, Bt width, and At distance. While age was related to At, and Id, but no effect on nasopalatine dimensions. The CBCT is a useful device for studying the nasopalatine canal in three dimensions, prior to dental implant placement.