Objective To investigate the effect of extragenous adenosine(AD) by microinjection in the orexinergic area of rat lateral hypothalamus(LH) on the sleep-wake cycle.Methods A total of 14 male SD rats were given 1,10 or 20 nmol AD and artificial cerebrospinal fluid(aCSF) as own control through three different models of microinjections into the LH.Their electroencephalogram(EEG) and electromyogram(EMG) were recorded by a polygraph recording instrument to observe the changes of sleep-wake after microinjections.Results AD administration to LH at doses of 1,10 and 20 nmol decreased the total amount of wakefulness by 84%,62% and 60% fold during that first 3-hour recording period and concomitantly increased non rapid eye movement(NREM) and REM sleep,when compared with aCSF treatment.The sleep-inducing effect was maintained even in 3 hour after the 20 nmol AD microinjection.The maximal sleep-inducing effect was obtained at the 20 nmol dose of AD administration into the orexinergic LH(P

To evaluate the possibility and accuracy of Doppler tissue image (DTI) on assessment of normal and abnormal ventricular activation and contraction sequence, 9 open chest canine hearts were analyzed by acceleration mode, M-mode, and spectrum mode DTI. Our results showed that: (1) Acceleration mode DTI could show the origin of activation and conduction sequence on line; (2) M-mode DTI revealed that the activation in mid-interventricular septum was earlier than that in mid-left ventricular posterior wall at sinus activation; (3) Spectrum DTI showed the ventricular endocardium was activated earlier than the ventricular epicardium in all segments at sinus rhythm. The earliest site of activation of the normal ventricular wall was at middle interventricular septum; the latest site was at basal-posterior wall; the contraction sequence was different at the different walls; (4) During abnormal ventricular activation, mid-left ventricular posterior wall was activated earliest in accordance with the pacing sites. Abnormal ventricular activation was slower than sinus activation, and the contraction sequence varied at different sites of ventricular wall. It is concluded that DTI can be used to localize the origin of normal or abnormal myocardial activation and to assess the contraction sequence conveniently, accurately and non-invasively.
Echocardiography, Doppler/instrumentation ; Echocardiography, Doppler/*methods ; Heart Ventricles/*ultrasonography ; Myocardial Contraction/*physiology ; Sinoatrial Node/physiology ; Tachycardia/physiopathology ; Tachycardia/ultrasonography

To evaluate the possibility and accuracy of Doppler tissue image (DTI) on assessment of normal and abnormal ventricular activation and contraction sequence, 9 open chest canine hearts were analyzed by acceleration mode, M-mode, and spectrum mode DTI. Our results showed that: (1) Acceleration mode DTI could show the origin of activation and conduction sequence on line; (2) M-mode DTI revealed that the activation in mid-interventricular septum was earlier than that in mid-left ventricular posterior wall at sinus activation; (3) Spectrum DTI showed the ventricular endocardium was activated earlier than the ventricular epicardium in all segments at sinus rhythm. The earliest site of activation of the normal ventricular wall was at middle interventricular septum; the latest site was at basal-posterior wall; the contraction sequence was different at the different walls; (4) During abnormal ventricular activation, mid-left ventricular posterior wall was activated earliest in accordance with the pacing sites. Abnormal ventricular activation was slower than sinus activation, and the contraction sequence varied at different sites of ventricular wall. It is concluded that DTI can be used to localize the origin of normal or abnormal myocardial activation and to assess the contraction sequence conveniently, accurately and non-invasively.
Animals ; Dogs ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; instrumentation ; methods ; Heart Ventricles ; diagnostic imaging ; Myocardial Contraction ; physiology ; Sinoatrial Node ; physiology ; Tachycardia ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo visualize epicardial and intramyocardial coronary blood flow by using a noninvasive echocardiography system.

METHODSIn five juvenile swines, coronary flow imaging was used to visualize the different segments of epicardial coronary and intramyocardial arteries. Pulsed-Doppler spectrums were recorded and analyzed. The left anterior descending artery (LAD) and intramyocardial coronary blood flow signals were recorded at baseline and during dipyridamole administration.

RESULTSEpicardial and intramyocardial coronary arteries could be visualized by coronary flow imaging. The systolic component of coronary flow in the right coronary artery (RCA) was greater than in the LAD. The intramyocardial blood flow was characterized by persistent retrograde blood flow velocity during systole. Vasodilation with dipyridamole produced exaggerated differences in the phasic pattern of coronary blood flow in epicardial and intramyocardial vessels.

CONCLUSIONColor Doppler coronary flow imaging provides a noninvasive method to study the coronary blood flow.

Animals ; Coronary Circulation ; Coronary Vessels ; diagnostic imaging ; Dipyridamole ; Echocardiography ; methods ; Male ; Swine

A 19-year-old boy's left temporal region was struck by a screwdriver, he immedietly lost consciousness for several minutes, when he came back he had a serious headache and obvious left ptosis. CT scanning showed an intracranial air accumulation and obvious traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), 2 weeks later magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showed a traumatic aneurysm in basilar artery. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed 4 weeks later, revealing a basilar-cavernous fistula and a saccular aneurysm of the basilar artery in his head. After the patient was treated with endovascular embolization therapies twice and with mechanical detachable spiral (MDS) for 5 months the patient was cured finally.

Nucleic acids in plant tissue lysates can be captured quickly by a cellulose filter paper and prepared for amplification after a quick purification. In this study, a published filter paper strip method was modified by sticking the filter paper on a polyvinyl chloride resin (PVC) sheet. This modified method is named EZ-D, for EASY DNA extraction. Compared with the original cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method, DNA extracted by EZ-D is more efficient in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification due to the more stable performance of the EZ-D stick. The EZ-D method is also faster, easier, and cheaper. PCR analyses showed that DNA extracted from several types of plant tissues by EZ-D was appropriate for specific identification of biological samples. A regular PCR reaction can detect the EZ-D-extracted DNA template at concentration as low as 0.1 ng/μL. Evaluation of the EZ-D showed that DNA extracts could be successfully amplified by PCR reaction for DNA fragments up to 3000 bp in length and up to 80% in GC content. EZ-D was successfully used for DNA extraction from a variety of plant species and plant tissues. Moreover, when EZ-D was combined with the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method, DNA identification of biological samples could be achieved without the need for specialized equipment. As an optimized DNA purification method, EZ-D shows great advantages in application and can be used widely in laboratories where equipment is limited and rapid results are required.