Objective To investigate the clinical significance of bone marrow prolymphocytes increasing range from 5 ％ to 15 ％ after complete remission (CR) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia provide a prognosis index.Methods The cases of the children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were analyzed retrospectively.They were divided into three groups,namely A group (N ≤ 5 ％),B group (5 ％ ＜ N ≤ 10 ％),C group (10 ％ ＜ N ≤ 15 ％) according to the bone marrow lymphoblast percentage,and their relapse rates were analysed.Results After the CR,the appearance of bone marrow prolymphocytes slightly increased in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia accounted for 40.54 ％ (30/74).When the bone marrow prolymphocytes increased to 5 ％＜ N≤ 10 ％,the difference of relapse rates [21.05 ％ (4/19)] had no statistically significant compared with the negative control group [15.91％ (7/44)] (P =0.895),when they increased to 10 ％ ＜ N ≤ 15 ％,the difference of relapse rates [54.54 ％ (6/11)] had statistically significant compared with the negative control group (P =0.014).The difference of incidence rates of this slightly increasing between children' s B-ALL and T-ALL had no statistically significant (P =0.078).Conclusions The bone marrow prolymphocytes increase slightly (5 ％ ＜ N ≤ 10 ％) after CR in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia might be the normal bone marrow B-lineage lymphocytes' reactive hyperplasia and the prognosis is relatively well.When the bone marrow prolymphocytes increase to 10 ％ ＜ N≤ 15 ％,these prolymphocytes are most likely to be leukemia cells and indicate the possibility of relapse.

Objective To investigate the consistency of gene amplification and its expression at protein level of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in gastric carcinoma.Methods From 2010 to 2012,120 gastric cancer specimens of patients with gastric cancer were collected,of which 100 were surgical specimens and 20 were specimens from biopsy under gastroscope.The protein expression of HER2 in 120 specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC).According to the results of IHC,the positive parts of HER2 expression of IHC slices were developed into tissue microarrays for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to test the gene amplification of HER2.The different parts with different color intensity of focal (+ + +) (≤ 10％ tumor cell strongly staining) specimens detected by IHC detection were compared with the results of FISH.Kappa test was performed for statistical analysis.Results Among 120 gastric cancer specimens,the results of IHC indicated that 77 specimens were positive with different staining intensity including 16 strong positive (+++),six focal positive (+++),37 moderate positive (++) and 18 weak positive (+).The positive rate of HER2 protein expression detected by IHC was 18.3％ (22/120).The results of FISH showed 41 specimens were positive and the rate of gene amplification was 34.2％.Among which,21 were moderate positive (++) detected by IHC,15 were strong positive (+ + +) and five were focal positive (+ ++).The positive rate of HER2 was 35.0％ (42/120) with IHC and FISH combined detection.The consistent rate of IHC and FISH was 91.6 ％ (76/83).Kappa coefficient was 0.960 (P＜0.01).In five positive specimens detected by FISH and which were focal positive (+ + +) by IHC,the different parts with different color intensity were compared with the results of FISH and gene amplification was found in all specimens.Conclusion Tissue microarray technology is consistent with IHC in HER2 detection in gastric cancer specimens and could help to improve the detection rate.

Objective To analysis the clinical features of elderly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and their prognostic factors.Methods 250 cases of DLBCL were retrospectively studied by in situ hybridization (ISH) to detect the EBV and by immunohistochemical to evaluate the histological type and Ki-67 protein.Results 36 cases with EBVpositive included 28 elderly (aged ≥ 60 years), of which 21 cases were Han, 15 cases were Uygur, male/ female ratio was 2 : 1.There were 23 cases with nodal presentation only, 13 cases with extra-nodal presentation.Twenty-nine patients presented with advanced disease (Ann Arbor stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ), 30 patients were found with high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 22 patients with high IPI score (3-5).Histological observation showed a diffuse and polymorphic proliferation of large lymphoid cells with varying degrees of reactive components.These tumor cells were frequently characterized by a broad range of B-cell maturation, containingcentroblasts, immunoblasts, and Hodgkin-and Reed-Stemberg (HRS)-like giant cells.Immunohistochemical studies showed that tumor cells were positive for CD20 and (or) CD79a in almost cases, most of the cases had a high proliferative index.CD10, bcl-6, Mum-1 performed histological type, 31 cases were non-germinal center.Except the age and location (P ＜ 0.05), no other significant differences were observed in Han and Uygur elderly EBV+ DLBCL (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The incidence of elderly EBV+ DLBCL is low, it has some unique clinical and pathological features with poor prognosis.

Objective To study the effect of GAH on lymphocytes proliferation and its mechanism. Methods MTT, fluorescence probe and immunofluorescent methods were used to investigate the effects of GAH on the lymphocytes proliferation, intracelluar Ca2+ concentration and expression of calcineurin(CaN). Results GHA induced lymphocyte proliferation, raised the intracelluar Ca2+ concentration and calcineurin expression. Conclusions GAH is a new kind of activator, which can induce lymphocyte proliferation through Ca2+ signal pathway.

Currently,the toxicity study of traditional Chinese medicine is faced with the following problems. Firstly,the evaluation in vitro cannot fully reflect the true state of the body. Secondly,the traditional method is not sensitive enough to the early toxicity. Lastly,the toxicity evaluation indexes cannot determine whether the compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine produces toxicity or increases toxicity systematically. The paper proposed a synthesized early evaluation research method for target organ toxicity induced by traditional Chinese medicine:screening,validation,optimization and application. This method mainly inoolves early target organ toxicity biomarkers in screening,optimi?zation,validation,biological significance explanation,and application to the traditional Chinese medicine incompatibility based on the metabolic dynamic fingerprint spectrum in order to obtain biomarkers of target organ toxicity that are sensitive and precede conventional biochemical indices for early evaluation . We attempted to analyze the pattern of chang of the biomarkers for animals acted by″18 incompatible medicaments″compatibility combination. We found that Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata with cardiotoxicity were compatible with Rhizoma Pinelliae,and that Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim,Fritillaria,Ampelopsis Radix and Bletilla striata without non-cardiotoxicity produced and increased cardiotoxicity systematically.

Objective To settle the "bottleneck" disputes existed in the key aspect of emergency treatment care of emergency department, long delayed time of medical workers or patients, perplexity of first-aid personnel, less standard in medical records. Methods Comparison experiment was carried out with the traditional model of emergency care in contrast with the new model, besides the service attitude was improved,the awareness of responsibility was strengthened and the first-aid technique was increased. Number of nursing errors and disputes, hospitalization time, satisfaction degree of patients and record trace-ability were observed. Results The nursing errors and disputes reduced by 46%, hospitalization time re-duced by an average of (7.2±0.2) minutes, satisfaction degree of patients increased by 10.99%, leaving 1673 record traceability of care. Conclusions The application of new management processes of nursing interface in emergency department can settle the "bottleneck" disputes of key interface, make the green passage of emergency patients more convenient and is conducive to safe care, less mortality, high work effi-ciency, which proves to be a reference for fellows.

Objective:To explore the current status and the influencing factors of knowledge, attitude and behavior of radiodermatitis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing radiotherapy, so as to provide a scientific basis for nursing staff to formulate effective health education programs.Methods:A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate 220 radiotherapy patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the radiotherapy department of 4 tertiary A hospitals in Hunan Province.Results:The scores of knowledge, attitude, and behavior of radiodermatitis patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were (61.58±19.93), (75.70 ±15.64), (65.87±14.21) points, respectively. The main factors influencing of behavior are knowledge, attitude, radiodermatitis grade, radiotherapy frequency, and family personal monthly income level ( t values were 1.978-8.081, P<0.05). Conclusion:At present, patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing radiotherapy have a partial understanding of radiodermatitis and poor self-observation of radiodermatitis. Nursing staff should pay special attention to the patients with incomplete knowledge, negative attitudes, low family personal monthly income, low frequency of radiotherapy, and low grade of radiodermatitis.

Objective To summarize brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and differential diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Methods The clinic data of 8 probable Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease cases in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively from January 2009 to June 2014. We mainly analysed the characteristics of brain MR and the causes of misdiagnosis. We had followed up the family members of these patients on the progress and progno?sis of disease. We also analyzed the differential diagnosis of sCJD. Results All the patients presented with rapid progres?sive dementia and mental abnormal behavior as the main clinical manifestations. All the patients had abnormal routine EEG and five of them had a periodical sharp wave complexes. The brain MRI of the 8 patients showed high signal intensi?ties in cerebral cortex (and/or basal ganglia) on diffusion weighted images (DWI) and 5 of them had caudate nucleus and (or) putamen involvement. The lesions were first appeared in DWI imaging as“ribbon-like”high signal, followed by Flair as high signal intensities. lesions were low signal intensities on T1WI and high signal intensities on T2WI. Five pa?tients were misdiagnosed. 2 cases were misdiagnosed as having cerebral infarction,1 case was misdiagnosed as having vi?ral encephalitis, 1 case was misdiagnosed as having Alzheimer's disease, 1 case was misdiagnosed as having vertigo and 1 case was misdiagnosed as having corticobasal degeneration. Conclusions The brain MRI of the sCJD patients showed a certain characteristic. DWI is the most sensitive tool in the detection of lesions which is useful in the early diagnosis of this disease. We should distinguish sCJD form ischemic cerebrovascular disease, encephalitis, and other progressive de?mentia identification.

Objective To assess the relationship between BRAF gene mutations and clinical phenotype of malignant melanoma.Methods Tissue specimens were collected from the lesions of 80 patients with malignant melanoma,and from the normal skin of 30 patients with trauma in the Department of Plastic Surgery or General Surgery,and subjected to paraffin embedding and DNA extraction.PCR was performed to amplify the exon 11 and 15 of BRAF gene followed by DNA sequencing.Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were carried out to assess the relationship between BRAF gene mutations and clinical phenotypes of malignant melanoma.Results BRAF gene mutations were found in 19 (23.8％) of the 80 malignant melanoma specimens.Among the 19 mutationpositive specimens,17 (88.2％) carried mutations in exon 15 of BRAF gene with V600E as the most frequent (88.2％,15/17) mutation type,and 2 (10.5％) carried mutations in exon 11.No mutation was found in any of the normal skin tissue specimens.The average age at onset was 57.5 years in these patients.The frequency of BRAF gene mutation was significantly higher in patients younger than 60 years than in those older than 60 years (37.1％ vs.13.3％,x2=6.613,P ＜ 0.05).A significant difference was observed in the frequency of BRAF gene mutation among tissue specimens of mueosal,acral and non-aeral malignant melanoma (18.2％ (4/21) vs.14.7％(5/34) vs.41.7％ (10/24),x2=6.167,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant association between BRAF gene mutation and gender,race or lymph node metastasis (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions BRAF gene is a hot spot for mutations in patients with malignant melanoma in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,with V600E point mutation in exon 15 as the most frequent mutation type.BRAF gene mutations appear to be closely correlated with the age at onset of and lesional sites in,but uncorrelated with gender and race of or lymph node metastasis in,patients with malignant melanoma.

Objective:To evaluate changes in the estimate glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)with aging and the risk factors.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed based on people receiving physical examinations at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2017 to January 2018.Subjects were divided into seven subgroups according to age: 18-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and ≥80 years old.eGFR was estimated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration(CKD-EPIScr)equation.Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between eGFR and the influencing variables.The chi-square test was used to compare the incidences of eGFR<60 ml·min -1·1.73m -2in different age groups. Results:A total of 33 824 participants were included in this study.There was a negative linear eGFR-age correlation in the subjects.The mean annual rate of decline in eGFR was 0.83 ml·min -1·1.73m -2.Furthermore, the decline was steady and accelerated from the third and seventh decade onward( F=9.51, 5.37, both P=0.000). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that aging was the most prominent factor( β=-0.604, -0.534, both P=0.000), followed by serum uric acid(BUA)( β=-0.270, -0.280, both P=0.000), fasting blood-glucose(FBG)( β=-0.064, -0.046, both P=0.000), systolic blood pressure(SBP)( β=-0.015, -0.028, both P<0.05), and diastolic blood pressure(DBP)( β=-0.010, -0.026, both P<0.05). In non-elderly subjects, eGFR was found to have negative associations with body mass index(BMI)and albumin(ALB)( β=-0.028, -0.047, all P=0.000). However, in the elderly, eGFR was positively associated with ALB( β=0.022, P=0.031). eGFR showed no statistically significant correlation with BMI, TC and LDL-C.The prevalence of eGFR<60 ml·min -1·1.73m -2increased with age, at 1.55%(523/33 824)for all subjects, of whom 73.80%(386/523)were aged over 60.The incidence obviously increased from 0.22%(14/6 453)for aged 18-29 to 22.57%(214/948)for aged 80 and above( χ2=2433.71, P=0.000). Conclusions:eGFR decreases significantly with age.The incidence of eGFR<60 ml·min -1·1.73m -2in the elderly is high; eGFR is significantly correlated with BUA, FBG, SBP, DBP, and ALB in the elderly.