Despite the progress in the comprehensive management of colorectal cancer,locally advanced (T3 and T4 stages) and metastatic colorectal cancer is still a challenging problem.Although researches on neoadjuvant therapy and targeted therapy have obtained many encouraging results,many unanswered questions still remain.These include the indication of multivisceral resection for locally advanced colorectal cancer,the optimal management of patients with hepatic and (or) pulmonary metastasis.R0 resection was the first choice for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer,but it is only suitable for selected patients.Chemotherapy and targeted therapy are effective in converting some unresectable liver metastasis into resectable disease.This review focuses on recent improvements in the management of locally advanced colorectal cancer,as well as the management of hepatic and (or) pulmonary metastasis.

Objective To observe and evaluate clinical therapeutic effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on malignant tumor. Methods 20 patients of malignant tumors of different nature and different stages were subjected to PDT or PDT-predominant comprehensive therapy. All the patients were followed-up, and the clinical results were analyzed. Results Among these patients, 3 tumors at early stage showed complete remission (CR), and no relapse was found in the follow-up period. Among the 17 cases with tumors in advanced stage, CR was seen in 9 cases, PR in 8, and 3 patients died of causes other than PDT after 1-6 months of follow-up. Conclusion PDT shows a curative effect on malignant tumors in early stage, and fairly good therapeutic effect on those in advanced stage. It is one of the optional treatments for malignant tumors.

Objective To explore the robe of interleukin-6 in the apoptosis of multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines KM_3 induced by melphalan and its molecular mechanism. Methods Apoptosis was confirmed by flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation rate and TUNEL. The expression of caspase-3, caspase-8 proteins in KM_3 cell, which was assessed by Western blot analysis, after melphalan treatment and cultured with or without interleukin-6. Results KM3 cells in the presence of interleukin-6 showed lower rate of apoptosis compared with that in the absence of interleukin-6 (P

Objective To explore the relation between changes in apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE1) gene expression and effects of melphalan on multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Methods Expression of APE1 protein was detected in MM cell line KM3 using immunocytochemical staining and Western blot assay after 0~15?mol/L melphalan treatment for 1~2d. Integral optical density was determined by means of image analysis system. Results There was positive relationship between levels of APE1 protein in KM3 cells and the treatment time and dose of melphalan. Conclusion Expression of APE1 protein could be induced by melphalan treatment. The result suggests that a high expression of APE1 protein may play a certain role in the resistance of multiple myeloma to melphalan.

Objective　To investigate the expression of TGF-β and TGF-β receptor in human breast cancer cell Bcap-37 inhibited by soybean isoflavones. Methods　mRNA and protein of TGF-β1、TGF-βRⅠ in Bcap-37 cells were examined with reverse transcription ploymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry after cells were treated with daidein or genistein for 1-4 d.The expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 was determined with TGF-β resistance test. Results　The TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β recepor increased in Bcap-37 cells at a concentration of 3×10-5 mol/L of genistein. No changes was found when treated with daidzein. Conclusion　Genistein may inhibit the proliferation of Bcap-37 cells and accompany with increasing expression of TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β receptor.

Objective To explore skeletal‐related events (SREs) clinical factors and analysis prognosis factors on patients with non‐small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) with bone metastases .Methods We collected clinical data of pathology confirmed 383 patients with non‐small cell lung cancer between April 2007 and January 2007 in the third affiliated hospital of the third military medical uni‐versity .It was used to screening for Emission Computed Tomography (ECT ) for bone metastases .And then it was need to con‐firmed for CT ,MRI or PET‐CT or pathology .Statistics in patients between clinical features and the SREs prediction factor with Univariate and Multivariate .And Kaplan‐Meier method analysis of survival in the non‐small cell lung cancer patients with bone me‐tastases .Results Out of 383 patients with bone metastases ,178 patients with SREs .The incidence was 46 .5% .Univariate analysis showed that women ,adenocarcinoma ,never smoking history ,single bone metastases ,bisphosphonate therapy ,targeted therapy in patients with bone metastases are less likely to have SREs ,it was considered statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Multivariate analy‐sis showed multiple bone metastases and no bisphosphonate therapy is independent risk factors for SREs .Median survival time was 14 .5 months in non‐small cell lung cancer patients with bone metastases ,1 year survival rate was 46 .5% ,2 years survival rate was 15 .9% .The survival analysis shows that more bisphosphonate treatment and bisphosphonate with EGFR‐TKI therapy on the prog‐nosis of patients with statistically significance (P<0 .05) .Conclusion It was likely to occur SREs in NSCLC patients with bone metastases .No bisphosphonate and multiple bone metastases are independent risk factors for SREs .Bisphosphonate treatment may prevent or reduce occur SREs for NSCLC patients with bone metastases ,and it may prolong survival ,it speculated that bisphospho‐nate may have resistant NSCLC cell activity .

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA)combined with low frequency ultrasound radiation with microbubble for the treatment of malignant liver neoplasms.Methods The clinical data of 25 patients with malignant liver neoplasms who received RFA combined with low frequency ultrasound radiation with microbubble at the Kunming General Hospital from January 2010 to June 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.RFA was firstly performed with ultrasonic guidance,and then low frequency ultrasound radiation with microbubble was performed according to the results of ultrasound contrast examination 1 week after RFA.Ultrasound contrast examination was performed and the hepatic function and serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) were assayed before operation,3 and 6 months after operation,respectively.All data were analyzed using the t test or chi-square test.Results The gross tumor volumes of 16 patients reduced by 30％ at 3 months after operation when compared with that before operation.The gross tumor volumes of 17 patients reduced by 50％ at 6 months after operation when compared with that before operation.The gross tumor volume of 7 patients reduced,but tissues surrounding tumors showed the signal of bloodstream.The gross tumor volume of 1 patient did not reduce.The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST),total bilirubin (TBil) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) at 3 months after operation were significantly lower than those before operation (t =23.51,13.79,257.07,P ＜0.05).The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),AST,TBil and AFP at 6 months after operation were significantly lower than those before operation (t =5.67,27.19,21.02,333.46,P ＜ 0.05).No local recurrence was detected during a follow-up of 6 months.The scores of quality of life (QOL) were very good in 21 (84.0％) patients,good in 2 (8.0％) patients,fair in 1 (4.0％) patient and poor in 1 (4.0％) patient.The scores of Karnofsky (KPS)were improved in 19 (76.0％) patients,stable in 5 (20.0％) patients and aggravated in 1 (4.0％) patient.There were significant differences in QOL and KPS between pre-and postoperation (x2=41.600,18.960,P ＜0.05).Conclusion RFA combined with low frequency ultrasound radiation with microbubble is effective in reducing the tumor size and protect the hepatic function for patients with malignant liver neoplasms.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of all-trans retinoic acid(ATRA)on the proliferation and cell cycle of lung carcinoma cell line A549.Methods The A549 cells were treated with ATRA at the dosages of 5,10,50 ?mol/L for 1-7 d.The proliferation of A549 was assessed by MTT method and cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry.The expressions of CDK4,Rb and p-ERK1/2 were assessed by Western blotting.CyclinD1 mRNA was analyzed by SYBR-PCR amplification.Results ATRA obviously inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells,and the cell cycle was arrested in G0/G1 phase.The expression of p-ERK1/2 protein and CyclinD1 mRNA on A549 cells were decreased.Conclusion ATRA might inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells through down-regulating p-ERK1/2 protein and CyclinD1 mRNA.

The clinical electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring systems based on personal computer system can not meet the requirements of portability and home usage. The epilepsy patients have to be monitored in hospital for an extended period of time, which imposes a heavy burden on hospitals. In the present study, we designed a portable 16-lead networked monitoring system based on the Android smart phone. The system uses some technologies including the active electrode, the WiFi wireless transmission, the multi-scale permutation entropy (MPE) algorithm, the back-propagation (BP) neural network algorithm, etc. Moreover, the software of Android mobile application can realize the processing and analysis of EEG data, the display of EEG waveform and the alarm of epileptic seizure. The system has been tested on the mobile phones with Android 2. 3 operating system or higher version and the results showed that this software ran accurately and steadily in the detection of epileptic seizure. In conclusion, this paper provides a portable and reliable solution for epileptic seizure monitoring in clinical and home applications.
Algorithms ; Cell Phone ; Electrocardiography ; Electroencephalography ; instrumentation ; Entropy ; Epilepsy ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; instrumentation ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Software

BACKGROUND: Since there are only cell axons of neurons in peripheral cells, the study on neural stem cells (NSCs) is almost focused on neuronal cells, for which, the study on repair of peripheral nerve may be based on some experiences in NSCs.OBJECTIVE: To observe the repair of peripheral nerve after graft of autologus bone marrow derived NSCs in the injured area. To observe whether the grafted NSCs were survived and migrated in spinal cord as differentiated neurons in the injured area of peripheral nerve or not.DESIGN: Observed controlled experiment was designed.SETTING: Institute of Neurological Medicine of Zhujiang Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical UniversityMATERIALS: Eight New Zealand big white rabbits were employed, of clean grade, mass weighted varied from 1.5 to 2.5 kg and of either sex.METHODS: The experiment was performed in Institute of Neurological Medicine of Zhujiang Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University collected from New Zealand big white rabbits for culture and differentiation was prepared. Sciatic neural injured area of one side was randomized as graft side. Physiological saline, collagen matrix and cellular embedding solution were infused up to 0.01 mL (containing stem cells 1×1010L-1). Another side was taken as the control, in which, collagen matrix suspension 0.01 mL was infused. Peffusion and fixation were followed 3 months after graft and auto-graft was performed in the injured peripheral nerve. The materials were collected for observation from graft area, spinal cord area, injured area on the opposite side and normal neural area.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphology of nerve fibers and neuronal cells in NSC graft area, spinal cord area and non-graft area on opposite injury side.RESULTS: The density and continuity of nerve fibers grown in graft area were higher remarkably than non-graft area on opposite side and more Schwann cells were seen under optic microscope. With amplified ×400 visual field, Ranvier's node of spinal nerve fiber was visible. In addition,mucous matrix and few fibroblasts were seen also in the space of nerve fibers. The survived neuronal cells were no visible in graft area, spinal cord area and non-graft area of sciatic injury on the opposite side.CONCLUSION: Graft of autologus bone-marrow derived neural stem cells in defect area of peripheral area benefits repair of nerve fibers. But the neural stem cells cannot survive as neurons in graft area of peripheral nerve, spinal cord area and the defect control on the opposite side.