OBJECTIVE:To conduct pharmacognostical study of Caulopyhllum robustum Diels so as to offer evidences for exploiting and utilization of this herbal plant. METHODS:A pharmacognostical study of C.robustum was performed by carrying out identification of characteristics,microscopic identification and physicochemical identification. RESULTS:The pharmacognostical features of C.robustum have been established in our study. CONCLUSIONS:This study is suitable for the identification of the origin of C.robustum and it provides approach and evidence for the establishment of the quality standard and sustainable development of resources of C.robustum.

Objective To study the chemical constituents from the root of Rumex gmelini.MethodsThe compounds were isolated and purified by chromatography,polyamide column chromatography,and preparation HPLC etc.Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical and spectroscopic evidences.Results Ten compounds were identified as:nepodin (Ⅰ),emodin (Ⅱ),citreorosein (Ⅲ),chrysophanol 8-O-?-(6'-acetyl) glucopyranoside (Ⅳ),chrysophanol 8-O-?-D-glucopyranoside (Ⅴ),resveratrol (Ⅵ),9,9'-dianthranone-2,2'-dimethyl-5,5'-bis (?-D-glucopyranose)-9,9',10,10'-tetrahydro-4,4'-dihydroxy-10,10'-dioxo (trivial name:rumoside A) (Ⅶ),emodin-8-O-?-D-glucopyranoside (Ⅷ),resveratrol-3-O-?-D-glucoside (Ⅸ),and rutin (Ⅹ).Conclusion Compound Ⅶ is a new compound,named rumoside A.Compounds Ⅴ,Ⅷ,and Ⅹ are separated from R.gmelini for the first time.Compounds Ⅲ and Ⅳ are the compounds which have been found in the plants of Rumex L.for the first time.

Objective To study the effect of three fungi of Helminthosporium on the seven kinds of bioactive constituents in root of seedling Rumex gmelini. Methods Let the R. gmelini infect the fungi of Helminthosporium by dealing the leave surface of R. gmelini with fungal spore suspension. The content of seven kinds of bioactive constituents was determined by HPLC and the results were analyzed by variance analysis. Results During the treatment time, little effect of three fungi of Helminthosporium on content of polydatin, chrysophanol 1-glucoside, and physcion, but the obvious effect on resveratrol, musizin, emodin, and chrysophanol was found. Conclusion The effects of H. turcicum 001 on yield and content of resveratrol are significant in early-middle stage (0—40 d), but treatment time over 40 d is not suitable. The results of this study could provide the new idea and theoretical basis for the exploiting of natural medicines and the planting of Chinese herbal medicine.

Objective To compare the quality and preservation effect among the three models of pooled buffy coats (PBC) in pre-paring the platelet concentrate (PC) .Methods 63 identical ABO blood donations were randomly and averagely divided into three groups :the immediate PBC group(n=21) ,the buffy coats(BC) group(n=21) and the whole blood(WB) group(n=21) .In the im-mediate PBC group ,both the separation of the BC and the preparation of the PC was finished in the first day after collecting the WB;in the BC group ,the separation of BC was executed in the first day after collecting the WB ,while the preparation of the PC was completed in the second day ;in the WB group ,both the separation of the BC and the preparation of the PC was implement in the second day after collecting the WB .All the prepared PC were storage at (22 ± 2) ℃ for seven days in the preservation solution (composed by 2/3 PAS-ⅢM and 1/3 plasma) .Then compare the platelet(PLT) counts ,the red blood cell(RBC) residual quanti-ties ,the aggregative function of PLT ,the positive expression rates of CD62p ,the capability of hypotonic shock response(HSR) ,the PH value and the bacterial growth among PCs prepared by the three models during the stored time .Results Compared the immedi-ate PBC group during the seven stored days ,the PLT counts of the BC and WB groups were more ,the aggregative function of PLT in the BC group was better and the capability of HSR in the WB group was stronger ,but the other indexs between the immediate PBC group and the BC or WB group were no significant difference(P>0 .05) .Conclusion Both an overnight holding of BC and WB at room temperature models of PBC to prepare the PC are safe ,reliable and convenient ,and they could be substitute for the immedi-ate PBC model to prepare the PC .

OBJECTIVE:To determine the content of 17 amino acid in sarcocarp of northeast Empetrum nigrum simultaneous-ly. METHODS:HPLC-ELSD method was adopted. The determination was performed on Waters Symmetry C18 column with mobile phase consisted of 5.0 mmol/L heptafluorobutyric acid solution(containing 0.7% trifluoroacetic acid)-acetonitrile(gradient elution) at the flow rate of 2.0 L/min,the column temperature was 37 ℃,the drift tube temperature was set at 60 ℃. RESULTS:The line-ar ranges of glycine,serine,aminosuccinic acid,aminopropionic acid,threonine,glutamic acid,cystinol,diaminocaproic acid, histidine,arginine,proline,valine,methionine,oxyphenylaminopropionic acid,isoleucine,aminocaproic acid,phenylalanine were 0.0059-0.1877,0.0082-0.2628,0.0104-0.3328,0.0070-0.2227,0.0093-0.2978,0.0115-0.3678,0.0094-0.3004,0.0114-0.3655,0.0121-0.3880,0.0136-0.4355,0.0090-0.2878,0.0092-0.2930,0.0117-0.3730,0.0142-0.4530,0.0103-0.3280, 0.0103-0.3280 and 0.0129-0.4130 mg/mL(all r>0.9990). RSDs of precision,stability and repeatability tests were not all less than 2.0%. Recoveries were 98.0%-101.2%(RSD<2.0%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:This method is simple,precision,stable and repeatable,and can be used for simultaneous determination of 17 amino acid in sarcocarp of northeast E. nigrum.

Objective To investigate the effects of spine region of interest (ROI),tracking range,and real-time image contrast ratio on the positioning errors of cyberknife.Methods The LTT dynamic phantom was used to develop a spine tracking plan and perform treatment,and the target positioning system was used to preset the phantom and obtain real-time preset image and positioning error.Based on the realtime preset image,spine ROI,tracking range,and real-time image contrast ratio were changed to observe the changes in positioning error and related parameters.Pearson correlation analysis was performed.Results The change in tracking range did not change the positioning error in spine tracking,and tracking range was not correlated with positioning error (R =0,P =1).The changes in ROI and image contrast ratio did not affect the translation error,but affected the rotation error,especially the rotation error in left-right direction (r =0.533 and 0.693,P=0.002 and 0.026).The image contrast ratio had the most obvious effect,with an amplitude of variation up to 2.2°.Conclusions The change in tracking range does not affect the positioning errors in spinal tracking,but the changes in ROI and image contrast ratio can cause varying degrees of changes in positioning errors,which should be taken seriously in cyberknife treatment.

Objective:To obtain AP2/ERF genes from Brassica oleracea by using in silico cloning. Methods: AP2/ERF genes were cloned by retnieving the EST database and using the bioinformatics software with the Arabidopsis thaliana AP2/ERF as a querying probe. Results:Two AP2/ERF family transcriptional regulators (BoAP2/ERF1 and BoAP2/ERF2) were isolated from Brassica olera-cea by the in silico cloning method. Some characters of AP2/ERF protein were analyzed and predicted by the tools of bioinformatics in the following aspects including the composition of amino acid sequence, hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, subcellular localization, secondary and tertiary structure of protein and function. Conclusion:Bioinformatical analysis shows BoAP2/ERF1 and BoAP2/ERF2 gene encode 40. 85kDa and 39. 44kDa protein with 371 and 352 amino acids. The domain is predicted to locate on nucleus. Sequence analysis indicates the protein may be involved in signaling transducer and stressing response roles in plantbiotic stresses.

Objective To compare the HPLC fingerprint of Rumex gmelini from different habitats by RP-HPLC (DAD). Methods In this paper, 12 different samples were studied. Separation was performed on an Planetsil C_ 18 column, with mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.1% phosphoric acid-water and with gradient elution at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The UV detection wavelength was 254 nm, column temperature was 35 ℃, and the analysis time was 50 min. Results The results showed that this method has a good repeatability and the ratio of common peaksarea of different samples had some difference. Conclusion This method can be used to establish the chromatographic fingerprint of R. gmelini with high specificity.

Object To provide a scientific basis for identification and rational use of the herbal medicine by the pharmacognostic study on Cortex Fraxini. Methods Microscopic identification, TLC, HPLC were used. Results There were remarkable differences in the genuine product, confusing product and fakements of Cortex Fraxini in characteristics of microscopic identification, fluorescence, TLC and HPLC. Conclusion The scientific basis has been established and provided for differentiation of confusing product and fakements.

Objective: To determine the contents of aesculin and aesculetin in periderms and leaves of Cortex Fraxini among differnet provenances. Methods: HPLC was used with acetonitrile-water(15∶85) as the mobile phase and detected wavelength at 348nm. C 18 column was adopted. Results: The calibration curves were linear. The value of correlation coefficient were 0.9992 and 0.9994, respectively. The average recovery of aesculin was 98.2% and aesculetin was 99.2%. RSD were 2.24% and 2.15%, respectively. The quality differences of Cortex Fraxini among different provenances were remarked. The quality of Cortex Fraxini from Shanxi province was the best. Conclusion: The method is applied in determination and analytics of content of Cortex Fraxini and is rapid, simple and easy to carry out. The method is with the feature of accuracy, repetition and stability.