Apelin is the endogenous ligand of a G protein-coupled receptor called APJ, its propeptide is an X-linked and coded peptide with 77 amino acids. Apelin/apelin receptor system is widely distributed in the body and is involved in various physiological and pathological regulations. It has been demonstrated that apelin is associated with the occurrence and development of many diseases, including angiocardiopathy, pulmonary arterial hypertension, nephropathy, cancer, endocrine disease, and so on. Currently, studies on apelin in nervous system have been developed gradually. This article focuses on apelin and summarizes the distribution and pathophysiological roles of apelin in nervous system, as well as in the occurrence and development of diseases associated with nervous system.

Objective To investigate the effects of bortezomib on cellular migration and invasion ability in cuhured human prostatic cancer cells DU145 and its mechanism.Methods Transwell method was used to detect cell migration.Invasion was assayed by Matrigel-coated invasion chambers.Expressions of FAK and Tyr397 proteins were analyzed by Western blot.Results After treated by bortezomib at the concentration of 10,20 nmol/L for 24 h,the invasion index of DU145 cells were (69.05±10.56) and (52.55±6.98),they were gradually reduced compared with untreated group (81.55±10.56) (P ＜ 0.05).The migration index were (39.35±6.45),(32.05±4.22),they were also reduced compared with untreated group (58.75±5.41) (P ＜ 0.05).The group of treated by bortezomib showed Tyr397 protein expression had been suppressed.However FAK protein had not marked change.Conclusions FAK is involved in the regulation of cellular migration and invasion function.Bortezomib might inhibit cells migration and invasion function by down regulation of Tyr397 expression.

Objective To study the signal transduction pathway of norepinephrine (NE)-induced expressions of oncogenes c-fos and c-myc in the rat heart. Methods mRNA levels of c-fos and c-myc in the left ventricle of the Langendorff-perfused rat heart was quantitated by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results NE increased the expressions of c-fos and c-myc while the effects of NE on the expressions of c-fos and c-myc were blocked by ? 1-adrenergic blocker prazosin (5?10 -6 mol/L) completely. Neomycin (5 mmol/L) and ruthenium red (10 ?mol/L) decreased the NE-induced c-fos and c-myc mRNA levels. Conclusion NE can induce the expressions of oncogenes c-fos and c-myc in the ventricle mediated by ? 1-adrenergic receptor. The signal transduction pathway of NE-induced c-fos and c-myc expressions may be associated with inositol phosphates-Ca 2+ system and diacylglycerol-protein kinase C system.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate ( MgIG) in the treatment of patients with liver damage after closed abdominal trauma. Methods:Totally 84 cases of patients with closed abdominal trauma were randomly divided into the observation group (n=42) and the control group (n=42) according to the random number table. The control group was given the conventional treatment, while the observation group was treated with MgIG additionally. The treatment course was 14d. The clinical efficacy and the level changes of albumin, prealbumin, TBiL, AST and ALT before and after the treatment in the two groups were stud-ied and compared, and the adverse reactions during the treatment course were also compared between the groups. Results: The total effective rate of the observation group (90. 48%) was significantly higher than that of the control group(69. 05%, P<0. 05). After the treatment, the plasma albumin and prealbumin levels in both groups were significantly increased (P<0. 05), and those in the ob-servation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0. 05). The serum TBiL, AST and ALT levels in both groups were significantly decreased after the treatment (P<0. 05), and those in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0. 05). There was no serious adverse reaction during the treatment course in both groups. Conclusion:MgIG in the treatment of liver damage after closed abdominal trauma shows notable effect, which can improve liver function obviously with high safety and reliability.

Objective To evaluate the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) on sheep bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) proliferation and differentiation in vitro.Methods The sheep BMSCs were isolated and expanded in vitro and divided into experimental group and control group.bFGF(2 ?g?L-1) was added into cell culture medium of experimental group.In control group,no bFGF was added.The morphological differences of BMSCs between two group were observed.Growth curves and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity were assessed.In order to observe the influence of bFGF on differentiation potential of BMSCs,osteogenic and adipogenic inductions were conducted on BMSCs in two groups.Results Fibroblast colonies appeared 1 week after seeding of the mononuclear cells.2 weeks later,more colonies formed and each colony became larger.The cell number was 2.5 times of the control when the first passage cells grew to confluence and the ALP activity in experimental group was lower than that in control group(P

Objective To develop a laser treatment machine for the benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH),which can both avoid the transurethral resection symptoms(TURS) and rapidly remove the big BPH.Methods The machine adopted a long plus laser with 80W average power and 1000W peak value power in order to rapidly vaporize the neoplasm.Because of its high power,short operation time and small thermal penetraction depth,it could avoid the post-operation edema of the organ is resulted from the concretion of traditional continuous-wavelength YAG laser.The control system based on AT89C51 dominated the laser power,and meanwhile,it monitored the process to protect the machine.It was connected with the Hospital Information System(HIS) via RS232.Results The chicken breast tissues were irradiated with the sample machine under water,and the groove irradiated by laser was 4mm in width and 2.5mm in depth with the irradiation speed of 5mm/s.The arbonation of tissue surface was slight and the thermal damage to the adjacent tissues was the minimal.Conclusion This machine can rapidly vaporize the neoplasm with the minimal thermal damage to the adjacent non-irradiated tissues.It is desirable for the treatment of big BPH.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of air-conducted ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential(oVEMP) in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL). So as to understanding the range and the degree of the vestibular system damage in patients with SSHL. METHOD: Thirty-five cases of unilateral SSHL were enrolled as the observing group from December in 2013 to December in 2014. 500 Hz air-conducted tone burst was employed as stimulation. Fifity-five healthy young subjects were recruited as the control group. The results were compared between the affected ears, the contralateral ears and the normal controls. RESULT: Thirty-five patients with SSHL, 31 of them in both ears lead to oVEMP Waveform, 4 sick ears did not elicit oVEMP waveform, extraction rate of 88%. 95 dBHL air-conducted get the latencies of P1 and N1, P1-N1 interval, peak-to-peak P1-N1 amplitude in healthy ear were (11.92 ± 0.85)ms; (17.07 ± 1.04)ms, (5.15 ± 0.69)ms, (5.44 ± 2.53) µv. 95 dBHL air-conducted get the latencies of P1 and N1, P1-N1 interval, peak-to-peak P1-N1 amplitude in sick ear were (12.16 ± 0.76) ms; (16.94 ± 2.57)ms, (5.16 ± 0.73)ms, (2.89 ± 1.66) v. The 55 cases (110 ears) were elicited P1-N1 complex typical, extraction rate was 100%. The threshold of oVEMP examination was (82.23 ± 2.92) dBHL, 95 dBHL air-conducted get the latencies of P1 and N1, P1-N1 interval, peak-to-peak P1-N1 amplitude in these healthy young people were (11.53 ± 0.80)ms, (16.61 ± 0.87) ms, (5.18 ± 1.04) ms, (5.96 ± 2.59) µv, there were no significant differences between the affected ears, the contralateral ears and the normal controls in the latencies P1 and N1, P1-N1 interval. The wave amplitude in SSHL were lower than the healthy ear and the healthy control group. CONCLUSION Through the detection of oVEMP in patients with SSHL,we observed that P1-N1 wave amplitude decreased, and it may be related to the damage of the utricle and vestibular nerve.
Case-Control Studies ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Saccule and Utricle ; pathology ; Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ; Vestibular Nerve ; pathology ; Vestibule, Labyrinth ; physiopathology

AIM: To investigate the variation of ?-AR in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and variation of GRK2 in lung and to explore the therapeutic effect of methlyprednisolone in severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury model in rats.METHODS: 36 rats were divided into three groups randomly: the control group,the experimental group,and the intervention group.In the experimental group,severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury model was induced in SD rats by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into biliopancreatic duct.In the control group,laparotomy was performed,duodenum and pancreas were flipped only.In the intervention group,methlyprednisolone(30 mg/kg) was injected into rump muscle of rats after model developed.At 6 and 12 h after model was developed,the maximum binding capacity(Bmax) and the Kd value of ?-AR were detected in lung by means of radioactive ligand binding assay.GRK2 expression was detected in lung by means of immunofluorescence.RESULTS: The scores of the severity of pancreatitis and the severity of lung injury in the experimental group were obviously higher than those in control group.In the experimental group,Bmax was obviously lower,Kd and GRK2 were obviously higher than those in control group and the intervention group.CONCLUSION: The ?-AR in lung is lower down and GRK2 expression in lung is up-regulated in severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury model in rats.The therapeutic effect of methlyprednisolone to severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury is positive.

Objective To investigate antiproliferative activity of endostatin(ES), the combining effect of Endostar and radiation on VEGF and apoptosis of the A549 human lung adenoearcinoma cell line.Methods The cell of exponential phase of growth were divided into the control, radiation alone, ES alone,radiation after ES(ES→RT), ES after radiation(RT→ES), radiation and ES at equal paee (RT+ES), γ-ray radiation at a dose of 2 Gy, single fracination irradiation, YH-16 10 μg/ml in the cell culture bottle. The combining effect was quantified by the survival curve. ELISA was used to observe the VEGF of radiation with ES on A549 cell lines. Apoptosis was observed by Hoeehst staining. Results There showed that both of ES and combining treatment had the function of antiproliferative. But the union treatment's function was more obvious (P＜0.05). The expression of VEGF in ES and the combining treatment group was more lower than others (P＜0.05). On apoptosis, the rate of apoptosis in ES, RT, combining treatment group was higher than others (P＜0.05). Conclusion On antiproliferative activity and rate of apoptosis, the combining of ES and radiation is better than to use them alone. To reduce VEGF of the A549 human lung adenocareinoraa cell line by ES could enhance radioresponse. There is no evidences to show that the expression of VEGF is concerned with the different choronological order of radiation and ES.

Objective To investigate the prevention and mechanism of Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESW) induced renal Injury by pre-treating kidneys with low-energy shock waves(LESW).Methods Forty healthy female domestic rabbits were surgically managed to the mono-nephron models and random divided into 4 groups consisting of ten each: Control,LESW,ESW and ESWL plus LESW pretreated groups.LESW group received 100 LESW,ESW group received 1500 standard ESW,and same dose on ESW group except 100 LESW pretreatment in ESW plus LESW pretreated group.The rabbit kidney tissues were obtained 24 hours after ESW.Activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA) levels in the renal tissue,and the level of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) in urinary were measured.Renal cell apoptosis was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP Nick End Labelling(TUNEL).Results The MDA,the urinary level of NAG and rate of apoptosis in the LESW groups were reduced(P<0.01),and the activity of SOD increased significantly(P<0.05) as compared with ESW group,and these changes in LESW group had no statistics difference compared with the control group(P>0.05).Conclusions LESW pretreatment protocol substantially limits the renal injury that often caused by ESW.LESW may suppress oxidative stress and antagonize the process of renal cellular apoptosis.