Objective To investigate the effects of losartan on aortic elasticity and remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (spontaneously hypertensive rats SHR). Methods WKY (Wistar - Kyoto ) rats with normal blood pressure and 16 weeks spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly divided into WKY control group, SHR control group, high dose losartan group (SHR + HL), low doses losartan group (SHR + LL). Each group has six animals which were given normal diet for 24 weeks. Losartan which was dissolved in 10 ml physiological saline was filling in stomach, other groups were filling with physiological saline. Tail arterial blood pressure, kidney tissues calcium concentration, renal small artery hydroxyproline content was measured and small arteries wall thickness of Glomerularwas detected, and the ratio of thickness and inner diameter (MT/LR) in kidney pathological were observed. Results The calcium concentration of SHR group in kidney tissues was [(18.42±2.34)μmol/g], kidney small artery hydroxyproline content was [(8.26±2.02)mg/g], which were greater than WKY group [(11.83±1.98)μmol/g,(5.16±0.98)mg/g] (t＝3.116,3.258,P＜0.05), but the two treatment groups were less than SHR group (t＝2.946,P＜0.05), the difference was significant. Small arteries wall thickness of Glomerular was [(5.25±1.13)μm], the ratio of thickness and inner diameter (MT/LR) was [(9.57±1.78)%], which were greater than WKY group[(4.03±0.16)μm ,(7.12±1.35)%](t＝2.836,3.425,P＜0.05), but the wall thickness of two treatment groups were [(7.64±1.29)%,(7.85±1.32)%], the two treatment groups were less than SHR group (t＝3.512,3.648,P＜0.05). Conclusions Losartanmay inhibit intracellular calcium overload, reduce fibrosis degree and improve renal arteriole resistance and reverse the renal arteriole reconstruction of SHR rats.

Purpose:To detect the expression of a novel i nh ibitor gene of apoptosis,survivin,in gastric cancer and in gastric carcinoma MGC -803 cell line,also to analyze its correlation with the expression of COX-2. Methods:In 93 stomach carcinoma tissues and 20 normal gastric tissues , the expression o f survivin and COX-2 were examined by using the streptavidin-biotin peroxidase (SP) method. Results:In contrast to negative expression in normal gastric mucosa,survivin was express ed in 66 of 93(71%) cases of gastric cancer samples,Overexpression of survivin i n gastric carcinoma MGC-803 cell line was also found,There was a relationship b etween survivin gene expression and degrees of differentiation,lymph node metast ases and TNM stages.The expression of survivin was positively correlated with th at of COX-2(liner index of Pearson=0.227 P

Objective To explore the effects of Jiaji electroacupuncture on the cortical somatosensory evoked potentials(CSEP) and promotion of the function recovery in rats with spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods The experiment was performed in the Medical Experimental Center of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine from November 2008 to February 2009. ①Allen's injury model of T10 spinal cord was established in SD rats with strike force of 50 g·cm. Fifty SD rats were divided into sham operated group (group A), only SCI group (group B), MP treatment group (group C), MP treatment+6 hours after SCI electroacupuncture treatment group (group D) and MP treatment+2 weeks after SCI electroacupuncture treatment group (group E) by means of random number table, ten rats in each group. For groups C, D and E first administration of MP (30 mg/kg) was taken within half hour after SCI, followed by 23 successive administration of MP(5.4 mg/kg·h) for every each hour. Equal amount of normal saline was given group B as that for group B. For groups D and E, electroacupuncture treatment was began 6 hours and 2 weeks after SCI respectively. ② Acupuncture method: The filiform needles of 0.25 mm×25 mm were vertically inserted into the acupoints 5 mm deeply, which were located at 4 mm away from the bilateralis of the lower margin of T8 and T12spinous process. KWD-808Ⅱ Electroacupuncture instrument was adopted with dilatational wave of AC PULSE current. The current intensity was 2 mA and the frequency was 2/100 Hz. Needles were kept in muscles for 30 minutes once a day, until the 8th week. ③Observation index: BBB score was used once a week at 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th weeks and CSEP was observed once a week at 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th weeks after SCI. Results 50 SD rats were all involved in the result analysis. The BBB score and the latency period of P1 in CSEP in each group were normal, there was no significant difference among them(P>0.05); The BBB score was less and the latency period was longer in SCI groups than that in group A, the difference was significant(P<0.05); At 1st week after SCI: The score was less than 7 in SCI groups (P>0.05); At 2nd week: the score in groups C, D and E was more than that in group B (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference among groups C, D and E (P>0.05); There was no significant difference among the latency period of SCI groups (P>0.05); From 4th to 8th weeks the score was the most and the latency period was the shortest in group D among SCI groups (P<0.05); At 4th week: The score was more and the latency period was shorter in groups E and C than that in group B (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between groups C and E (P>0.05); At 6th week: The score was more and the latency period was shorter in group E than that in groups C and B (P<0.05), the score was the fewest and the latency period was longest in group B among SCI groups (P<0.05); At 8th week: The score was more and the latency period was shorter in group E than that in groups C and B (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference among group C and B (P>0.05).Conclusion The Jiaji electroacupuncture has promotion of the function recovery in rats with SCI and the effects of early electroacupuncture intervention are better than the later stage.

Objective To study the impact of preprocedure intravenous urography (IVU) on the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL) for proximal ureteral stones.Methods One hundred patients with solitary radiopaque proximal ureteral stones on plain radiographs and no severe hydronephrosis on ultrasonographic examination were allocated randomly to two treatment groups.IVU group (n=50) had IVU before the start of ESWL,whereas patients in control group (n=50) underwent ESWL without IVU.Postop- erative success,the stone-free rates and complications were evaluated in both groups. Results Seven patients in IVU group were excluded from the study. The success rate [95.3%(41/43) in IVU group vs 94.0% (47/50) in control group],stone-free rate [83.7% (36/43)vs 86.0% (43/50)] and complication rate[27.9% (12/43 ) vs 26.0% (13/50)]were similar in two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions It is not necessary to obtain an IVU for patients who have solitary radiopaque proximal ureteral calculi on plain radiographs with no severe hydronephrosis on uhrasonographie examination before scheduling them for ESWL,thus minimizing the cost,avoiding exposure to contrast medium,and reducing radiation exposure.

Objective With ordinary acupuncture as the control, to observe the feasibility and effectiveness of electroacupuncture at Jiaji (EX-B2) points in treating primary trigeminal neuralgia.Method Forty patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia were randomized into a group of electroacupuncture at Jiaji points and an ordinary acupuncture group, 20 cases in each group. In the electroacupuncture group, Jiaji of C2and T1on the affected side were selected, while the points were selected by following the Acupuncture-moxibustion Therapeuticsin the ordinary acupuncture group. Carbamazepine (CBZ) was taken as the basic treatment for the two groups. A treatment course (3 weeks) was observed, and follow-up study was conducted every 4 weeks for a total of 12 weeks. The dose of CBZ, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) scores at each time point were recorded. The changes of the index in the two groups at each time point were compared.ResultAt the end of the treatment (the third week), the dose of CBZ, VAS and SF-MPQ scores all declined in the two groups, and the between-group differences were statistically insignificant (P>0.05). The follow-up study in the 7th week showed that the data of the observed indexes all decreased in the two groups, while the electroacupuncture group presented a more significant efficacy, and the between-group differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The follow-up studies in the 11th and 15th weeks showed that the data of the observed indexes continued to decline in the electroacupuncture group but began to increase in the ordinary acupuncture group, and the between-group differences were statistically significant (P<0.001).Conclusion Electroacupuncture at Jiaji points and ordinary acupuncture both can reduce the dose of CBZ for patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia, improve pain and other discomforts as well as the negative emotions, but electroacupuncture at Jiaji can produce a more significant long-term efficacy compared to the ordinary acupuncture.

Objective To select valuable biomarkers for diagnosis and predicting outcome of sepsis-related acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) from D-dimmer (DD),yon Willebrand factor (vWF),platelet (PLT),N terminal-pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP),interleukin-6 (IL-6),interleukin-8 (IL-8) and surfactant protein D (SP-D).Methods A total of 48 sepsis accompanied with ARDS patients and 40 sepsis patients were prospectively studied with comparison.The clinical characteristics of all the patients were recorded in detail.The blood samples were obtained within 24 hours of ICU admission.The concentration or activity of the seven biomarkers was quantitatively assayed and the results were recorded.To select the most valuable biomarkers as clinical indices,diagnosis model and death predictive model were constructed by Logistic regression.Results Among the seven candidate biomarkers,SP-D,vWF and IL-8 showed the most value.Their area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) were 0.758 (P ＜ 0.01),0.783 (P ＜ 0.01) and 0.747 (P ＜ 0.01) respectively,and raised to 0.847 (P ＜ 0.001) when the three biomarkers were combined.IL-8,age greater than or equal to 60 years and APACHE Ⅱ score greater than or equal to 20 were related to ARDS death with 12.138(lnIL-8)(P=0.022),6.157(P=0.040) and7.415(P=0.014) of OR values respectively.Conclusion SP-D,vWF,IL-8 should be valuable for early prediction of sepsis-induced ARDS and the diagnostic accuracy raised through combined utilization.IL-8 may be predictable for prognosis of sepsis related ARDS and the comprehensive evaluation combining clinical indices with IL-8 should be suggested in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the clinical and radiologic features of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) associated with preeclampsia-eclampsia.Methods Twenty-one cases of PRES associated with preeclampsia-eclampsia were retrospectively studied on some aspects of clinical and radiologic features.Results The most common clinical presentations were seizures( 18 cases ),headache (16 cases),altered mentation (15 cases) and vision change (12 cases). Vasogenic edema lesions distributed in the parietal or occipital lobe (20 cases),the frontal lobes (14 cases),temporal lobes ( 11 cases), and basal ganglia (11 cases). The splenium involvement occurred in 4 cases,cerebellar hemispheres and brain stem involvement was prcscnted in 3 cases and 1 case separately. Three major patterns of PRES included dominant parietal-occipital (7 cases),the holohemispheric watershed (7 cases),and superior frontal sulcal (6 cases).Partial and asymmetric expression of PRES only occurred in 1 case.Conclusions The clinical features of PRES associated with preeclampsia-eclampsia are typical.Except the parietal or occipital lobe,involvement of the frontal lobe,temporal lobe and basal ganglia is common,followed by the occasional presence of the splenium,cerebellar hemispheres and brain stem.Three primary PRES patterns are noted,occasional with partial and asymmetric expression of PRES. Awareness of these typical and variable characteristics is important to recognize the PRES ncurotoxicity morc accurately when PRES present.

Objective To report the total skin electron irradiation(TSEI) to treat the mycosis fungoides and the related acute toxicity,short-term efficacy and long-term results.Methods Five patients with pathologically confirmed mycosis fungoides were enrolled from 1990 to 2011,including 4 males and 1 female.Median age was 51 years old(range 14-56 years old).Dose homegeneity within the field were ± 10％ of the prescribed dose with a skin surface dose of about 90％ of the prescribed dose.Four cases received a total dose of about 30 Gy in 30-32 fractions in 8 weeks,and the other case received an electron boost of 5 Gy to the residual tumor after irradiation with 31 Gy within 31 fractions in 8 weeks,who had received 6 cycles chemotherapy before TSEI.Results 4 cases with a follow-up time of more than 15 years achieved complete response 6 months after radiotherapy.For the recently treated case,a great partial response was achieved after radiotherapy.Acute toxicities for all patients were acceptable.Two patients survived after a follow-up of more than 15 years while the other two cases died of visceral involvement at 1 and 3 years later,respectively.The case treated recently survived 2 months later.Conclusions A total TSEI dose of about 30 Gy within 30-32 fractions during 8 weeks could be proved to be very effective and safe in skin lesion control.Visceral involvement is the main failure type.

Objective To explore the practice effect of problem-based learning(PBL) in teaching of pathogen biology and immunology at college level.Methods Three-year clinical majors of class 1 and 2 in Luohe Medical College were chose,class 1 as PBL experimental group(n=100) and class 2 as control group(n=100).Chapter of hepatitis virus was taught respectively using PBL and LBL teaching method.Teaching effect was evaluated by test and questionnaire.Teaching effects between PBL and LBL were compared.SPSS 13.0 was used to do statistical analysis and data were expressed as percentage.Chi-square test was performed and P＜0.05 shows statistically significant differences.Results Results of test showed that excellent and passing rates were higher in PBL group than in LBL group(P=0.000) ; flunked rate was lower in PBL group than in LBL group(P=0.000).Results of questionnaire showed that more than 80％ students thought that PBL can mobilize students' initiatives of learning,train cooperation consciousness and enhance language skills,etc.Conclusions PBL can be used in pathogen biology and immunology for 3-year clinical majors and deserves further application.

Objective To explore the role of TRAIL receptors expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) in the apoptosis of PBMC,and the relation of the expression of TRAIL receptors with the severity of liver damage in chronic hepatitis B patients.Methods The expressions of DR4,DRS,DcR1 and DcR2 in 55 patients and 30 cases of control were assayed by RT-RCR and floweytometery.The relationship of the expression of TRAIL receptors with the severity of liver damage were analized.Results The level of DcR1 in the PBMC of chronic hepatitis B patients was much lower than that of control group (P＜0.05).There was close relation between the expression of DcR1 and liver damage (P＜0.05).The level of DcR1 was negatively correlated with ALT but positively correlated with serum albumin.Conclusion The expression level of DcR1 on PBMC in chronic hepatitis B patients was down-regulated,which may contribute to the increased apoptosis of PBMC in chronic B hepatitis patients.The expression of DcR1 can reflect the degree of liver injury in chronic hepatitis B patients to some degree.