OBJECTIVE:To introduce the Fair PharmaCare program of BC Canada for the reference of the reform of China's medical insurance system.METHODS:The running procedure of Fair PharmaCare program of BC Canada was introduced in detail and its characteristics were analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Fair PharmaCare program covers all BC residents and protects them against economic difficulties in pharmacare.The program serves as a reference for the reform of China's medical insurance system.

0. 05), respectively. Conclusion: Repeated +Gz stress may disorder the ratio of ET and NO. This imbalance may be one of the causes which lead to pathology changes in masseter musscles.

Objective To study the signal transduction pathway for myocyte contraction induced by Substance K (SK) in rats. Methods The fluorescent Ca 2+ indicator Fluo 3AM was used to quantitate the calcium signal directly in the primary cultured myocardial cells. Changes of free Ca 2+ concentration in cardiac myocytes were detected by flow cytometry. The phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, neomycin and IP3 receptor antagonist, heparin, were used to block signal system of phosphates Ca 2+ in order to investigate whether they took part in the SK induced changes of [Ca 2+ ]i in myocytes. Results SK(1.78?10 -5 mol/L) elevated [Ca 2+ ]i in myocytes. The effects could be blocked by neomycin and heparin. Conclusion SK can elevate [Ca 2+ ]i in myocyte, which may be mediated by a signal system of phosphates Ca 2+ .

Objective To survey the incidence of cardiovascular damage in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients and explore the related risk factors.And to establish the risk prediction models for the future.Methods The electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac ultrasonography (UCG) of 122 AS patients (group A)in the department of rheumatology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2001 to 2011 were analyzed.Fifty-nine AS patients with abnormal ECG and/or UCG findings consisted of the study group (group A1),the other 63 AS patients without cardiovascular damage were the control group (group A2).We selected 100healthy controls (group B).All healthy controls had ECG and UCG tests.The ECG and UCG findings of the group A1 were analyzed,the clinical manifestations and laboratory results were compared between group A1and A2.A univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were carried out to determine the risk factors related to cardiovascular damage in AS.Results The prevalence rate of cardiovascular damage in AS patients was 48.4％ (59/122).While the prevalence of ECG and or UCG abnormality in healthy controls was 12.0％ (12/100),the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P＜0.05).In group A1,the main findings in ECG were abnormal sinus node function,high voltage in left ventricle and ST-T changes,other findings were atrioventricular block,branch bundle block and premature beats.In group A1,the main findings in UCG were valvular diseases and arterial root widening,other abnormal findings were pericardial effusion,left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and mild pulmonary hypertension.The level of ESR,CRP,RBC,HGB,blood glucose,the number of peripheral joint involvement,the severity of sacroiliac arthritis and the age were significantly different between group A1 and A2 (P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age and CRP were risk factors for cardiovascular damage in AS patients.Conclusion The prevalence of cardiovascular damage in ankylosing spondylitis is relatively high.Age and CRP are the risk factors contributing to cardiovascular damage in AS patients.

According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015, only processed Aconitum tubers can be clinically applied, and the effect of processing is unclear. This research aimed to explore the effect of processing on cardiac efficacy of alkaloids in Aconitum tubers. First, the chemical ingredients in unprocessed and processed Aconitum tubers were identified and compared by using high performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF/MS) and multivariate pattern recognition methods. Then the representative alkaloids in Aconitum tubers, aconitine, benzoylaconine, and aconine, which belong to diester-diterpenoid alkaloids, monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids, and amine-diterpenoid alkaloids, respectively, were selected for further validation of attenuated mechanism. Subsequent pharmacological experiments with aconitine, benzoylaconine, and aconine in SD rats were used to validate the effect of processing on cardiac functions. After processing the Aconitum tubers, it was found that the contents of diester-diterpenoid alkaloids were reduced, and those of monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids and amine-diterpenoid alkaloids were increased, suggesting that diesterditerpenoid alkaloids were transformed into monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids and amine-diterpenoid alkaloids. Through further decocting the aconitine in boiling water, it was confirmed that the three alkaloids could be progressively transformed. Pharmacological experiments with aconitine, benzoylaconine, and aconine in SD rats showed that aconitine at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg and aconine at a dose of 10 mg/kg enhanced the cardiac function, while benzoylaconine at a dose of 2 mg/kg weakened the cardiac function. The effect of processing is attributed to the transformation of the most toxic diester-diterpenoid alkaloids into less toxic monoesterditerpenoid alkaloids and amine-diterpenoid alkaloids.

Tree shrews have an excellent visual system, their cones accounted for 96%of the photorecepter cells, so that their color vision and stereo vision are well developed.With their rich resources and low cost, tree shrews have been considered as an ideal animal model in eye research in comparative medicine and genomics research.The ophthalmological research on tree shrew mainly focused on the establishment of myopia model, as well as the changes in myopic sclera and choroids, and the basic studies of their retina, optic and visual cortex.This paper reviewed the basic ophthalmological re-search of tree shrew.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the cerebrocardiac syndrome (CCS) of severe type and prediction of prognosis of patients with neurosurgery .Methods Myocardial zymogram levels were measured in course of development of 120 ca‐ses of Acute Stroke(AS) that were confirmed diagnosis by brain computerized tomography (CT) .ultrasoundcardiogram(UCG)and electrocardiogram(ECG)were used to dectect Segmental Wall Motio Abnormalities (SWMA) .Results For 120 patients with AS , the specimens include 38 cases(76 .0% )of T‐wave change and 12 cases(24 .0% )of ST‐segment depression in 50 cases of ST‐T seg‐ment change ,7 cases of arrhythmia and adnormal cardiac electrical conduction .24 cases of SWM A ,32 cases(26 .7% ) of raised CK‐MB ,35 patients could be recovered to normal of ECG after active treatment .17cases of ECG improve markedly ,18 cases of ECG un‐improved ,15 cases of myocardial enzymes normally ,8 cases of myocardial enzymes improve markedly20 cases of death .Conclusion Hypertension is a risk factor of CCS ,correlation between ST‐T segment and SWMA as well as myocardial enzymes and myocardial damagein CCS was statistically analyed .

Objective To study the spatial variation of T2 relaxation time of cartilage of knee in healthy adults.Methods T2 values of cartilage of knee in 21 asymptomatic young male adults ( age ranged 24 to 39 years ; mean age , 30 years) were calculated by using a multiecho,spin-echo MR imaging sequence at 1.5T MR scanner on sagittal T2 maps,including the patellar,distal femoral weight and non-weight-bearing as well as proximal tibial weight-bearing cartilages,the differences in the spatial variation between them were analysed using F test.Results All 21 asymptomatic volunteers demonstrated a consistent pattern of spatial variation of T2 values cartilage of knee with longer T2 values near the subchondral bone,decreased in deep zoon and increased in articular surface , there was difference between them (F=70.892 , P＜0.05 ) . The greates spatial variation occurred in the patella.T2 value(26.56 ms±4.4 ms) in the deeper zoon of cartilage of the patella was obviously lower than that of the weight-and non-weight-bearing articular cartilage (P = 0.001 ) . Lateral femoral weight-bearing articular cartilage showed lower T2 value ( 35.2 ms ± 6.31 ms) in the outer transitional superficial zone than thatof the patella and non-weight-bearing cartilage,P=0.002,P=0.000 respectively.Lateral tibial weight-bearing articular cartilage showed showed lower T2 value(37.11 ms±6.6 ms)in the outer transitional superficial zone than that of non-weight-bearing cartilage(P=0.000). Conclusion The spatial variation of T2 relaxation time of cartilage of knee in the vivo in the asymptomatic young adults is like slightly concave curve at 1.5T MR system,that is of reference value in study of degenerative osteoarthritis.

Background and purpose. Gastric stromal tumor (GST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract and most often arises in the stomach. In the past, surgery was the only effective treatment. The diagnosis and treatment of GST has been revolutionized over the past, since expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase KIT (CD117) was shown to occur on these tumors, the outcome of GST treatment has dramatically been improved. This study focused on the therapeutic experience of GST and analyzed the pathological features and prognostic factors of GST in our center. Methods: All the 26 cases underwent surgical resection and three of them were treated over 6 months with imatinib 400 mg/d. The clinical pathological and follow-up data of 26 patients with GST admitted in our hospital between Jan. 2000 and Dec. 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. Results. All the cases underwent curative resections, including palliative liver resection in 3 patients with liver metastasis. Recurrence occured on 6 patients, including 1 case with low risk group, 1 case with intermediate risk group, 4 cases with high risk group. Tumor size ranged from 2 to 15 cm with the mean of 5.5 cm. The immunohistochemistry results revealed that the positive rates of CD117, CD34 and Vimentin were 92.3%, 80.8% and 96.2% respectively. After operation, three patients accepted imatinib mesylate therapy over 6 months. Two of them were alive, but one had liver metastasis. The follow-up period ranged from 4 to 36 months (median: 28 months). Four cases were lost. The 1-, 3-year overall survival rates of 26 cases were 96.2% and 84.6%. Conclusion: Tumor size, location, mitosis and immunohistochemical data are important variables to evaluate GST behavior and prognosis. Surgical resection is the main therapy for GST and targeted therapy will improve the prognosis.

Objective To examine the application of On-Board Imaging (OBI) system-based image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) in the improvement of the precision of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods Ten patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated with IMRT using the OBI system. The IGRT images after positioning, position adjustment, and treatment were observed and recorded to investigate the image difference between CT simulation and IGRT. Results The deviations in the x (lateral), y (cranial-caudal), and z (ventral-dorsal) directions between CT simulation and IGRT images were 0.22±1.00 mm,-0.37±1.28 mm, and 0.04±1.36 mm, respectively, after positioning, 0.29±0.76 mm,-0.04±0.78 mm, and -0.01±0.92 mm, respectively, after position adjustment, and 0.20±0.78 mm, 0.16±0.80 mm, and 0.05±0.92 mm, respectively, after treatment. The probabilities of a ≤1 mm deviation in the x, y, and z directions were 81.0%, 77.6%, and 88.2%, respectively, after positioning, 92.5%, 96.4%, and 96.4%, respectively, after position adjustment, and 91.7%, 94.9%, and 96.8%, respectively, after treatment. Conclusions The application of OBI system-based IGRT is very important in the improvement of the precision of fractionated IMRT for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The position of the patient should be adjusted based on the IGRT image after positioning in order to correct set-up error and effectively increase the precision of fractionated IMRT.