BACKGROUND:Salmon calcitonin or elcatonin has been reported to al eviate acute and severe back pain caused by osteoportic fracture. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of the combined use of elcatonin and risedronate in the treatment of chronic back pain and the improvement of quality of life in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. METHODS:Forty-five postmenopausal women with osteoporosis accompanied by chronic back pain persisting for more than 3 months, after excluding women with fresh vertebral fractures within the last 6 months, were randomly assigned to a risedronate group (administration of risedronate alone, n=22) and a combined drug group (combined administration of risedronate and elcatonin, n=23). Pain was evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Roland-Morris questionnaire. Bone mineral density was determined by dual-energy X-ray. Quality of life was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form (SF-36) at 6 months after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were 20 and 19 cases in the risedronate and combined drug groups, respectively included in the final analysis. Significant improvements were found in the combined drug group for VAS and mental health status section scores in the SF-36 at final fol ow-up compared with baseline and 3-month fol ow-up, while no change was found in the risedronate group. Bone mineral density was increased significantly in both groups, while no significant difference was found between groups. These findings suggest that the use of elcatonin in addition to risedronate for more than 3 months may reduce chronic back pain in osteoporosis patients.

Objective Adopt the method of brachial plexus block by a noodle biopsy and pressing the root of interscalene,to discuss the effective of this method on the operation of shower and upper limb.Methods Summarize 182 cases of patients who got the upper limb operation,compared the patients adopting a noodle biopsy and pressing the root of interscalene to block,to the cases which un-pressing the interscalene.Evaluate the anesthesia on sense and movement and record the complicating disease.Results It got a satisfied result from a noodle biopsy and pressing the root of interscalene to block.In this case,all of the sense and movement including shower has disappeared,and has absolutely effect on analgesia.All of the patients avoid to be used herbal supplements and however to complicating symptom.Good rate 97％,compared to 73％ cases of un-pressing.Pressing the interscalene to block is better than un-pressing,on feet nerve,axillary nerves,the median nerve and C4 nerve.Conclusion A noodle biopsy and pressing the root of interscalene to block is a effective and simple method,it needn't special equipment and has a absolutely and extensively block result on the shower and upper limb operation.

Objective To explore the effects of Jiaji electroacupuncture on the cortical somatosensory evoked potentials(CSEP) and promotion of the function recovery in rats with spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods The experiment was performed in the Medical Experimental Center of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine from November 2008 to February 2009. ①Allen's injury model of T10 spinal cord was established in SD rats with strike force of 50 g·cm. Fifty SD rats were divided into sham operated group (group A), only SCI group (group B), MP treatment group (group C), MP treatment+6 hours after SCI electroacupuncture treatment group (group D) and MP treatment+2 weeks after SCI electroacupuncture treatment group (group E) by means of random number table, ten rats in each group. For groups C, D and E first administration of MP (30 mg/kg) was taken within half hour after SCI, followed by 23 successive administration of MP(5.4 mg/kg·h) for every each hour. Equal amount of normal saline was given group B as that for group B. For groups D and E, electroacupuncture treatment was began 6 hours and 2 weeks after SCI respectively. ② Acupuncture method: The filiform needles of 0.25 mm×25 mm were vertically inserted into the acupoints 5 mm deeply, which were located at 4 mm away from the bilateralis of the lower margin of T8 and T12spinous process. KWD-808Ⅱ Electroacupuncture instrument was adopted with dilatational wave of AC PULSE current. The current intensity was 2 mA and the frequency was 2/100 Hz. Needles were kept in muscles for 30 minutes once a day, until the 8th week. ③Observation index: BBB score was used once a week at 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th weeks and CSEP was observed once a week at 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th weeks after SCI. Results 50 SD rats were all involved in the result analysis. The BBB score and the latency period of P1 in CSEP in each group were normal, there was no significant difference among them(P>0.05); The BBB score was less and the latency period was longer in SCI groups than that in group A, the difference was significant(P<0.05); At 1st week after SCI: The score was less than 7 in SCI groups (P>0.05); At 2nd week: the score in groups C, D and E was more than that in group B (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference among groups C, D and E (P>0.05); There was no significant difference among the latency period of SCI groups (P>0.05); From 4th to 8th weeks the score was the most and the latency period was the shortest in group D among SCI groups (P<0.05); At 4th week: The score was more and the latency period was shorter in groups E and C than that in group B (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between groups C and E (P>0.05); At 6th week: The score was more and the latency period was shorter in group E than that in groups C and B (P<0.05), the score was the fewest and the latency period was longest in group B among SCI groups (P<0.05); At 8th week: The score was more and the latency period was shorter in group E than that in groups C and B (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference among group C and B (P>0.05).Conclusion The Jiaji electroacupuncture has promotion of the function recovery in rats with SCI and the effects of early electroacupuncture intervention are better than the later stage.

Objective To compare the analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine and propofol on patients with coronary heart disease undergoing noncardiac surgery.Methods 86 patients in our hospital from Sep 2009 to Sep 2011 aged 55-76 years weighing 42-60 kg,who were scheduled for epidural anesthesia in routine,were randomly assigned to 2 groups:dexmedtomidine (Dex) group and propofol group (n=43,each).Visual analogue scale/score (VAS) analgesia score and ramsay sedation score were used to observe the analgesic effect after surgery.Serum concentration of cortisol,insulin and glucose were observed and compared between Dex and propofol group before and 4,24,48h after surgery.Patient satisfaction was surveyed.Results The analgesic effect evaluated by VAS and Ramsay scores was better in Dex group than in propofol group at different time after surgery (t=5.368,2.262,7.147,5.881,7.861,4.810,all P＜0.05).Serum concentrations of cortisol,insulin and glucose were lower in Dex group than in propofol group before and 4,24,48 h after surgery (t=3.076,2.042,4.090,all P＜0.05).The satisfaction rate was 93.0％ (40/43) in Dex group.Conclusions Dexmedetomidine has a better analgesic effect than propofol,and it is safe and feasible for patients with coronary heart disease undergoing noncardiac surgery.

Alanine Transaminase/metabolism ; Liver/drug effects ; Plant Extracts/*pharmacology

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral infectivity factor (Vif), one of the accessory proteins, which is a small basic phosphoprotein, is essential for viral replication and pathogenesis. The best well-characterized function of Vif is its ability to neutralize the host cell antiviral factor, apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide like 3G (APOBEC3G), which makes the viral particles more infective. In addition, Vif can regulate the reverse transcription and the advanced stage of replication of the virus particle, as well as induce the termination of cell cycle at G2 stage and so on. The designed drug aimed directly at Vif can efficiently block the maturation and infectivity of HIV-1. In this review, the structure, function and especially the related inhibitors of Vif are reviewed.

OBJECTIVE:To introduce the Fair PharmaCare program of BC Canada for the reference of the reform of China's medical insurance system.METHODS:The running procedure of Fair PharmaCare program of BC Canada was introduced in detail and its characteristics were analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Fair PharmaCare program covers all BC residents and protects them against economic difficulties in pharmacare.The program serves as a reference for the reform of China's medical insurance system.

Objective To study the classification, management and outcome of the fracture of ulna coronoid process. Methods Retrospective analysis was carried out in 31 patients with fracture of ulna coronoid process. There were 19 males and 12 females with an average age of 29.8 years old (range, 18-52 years old). The fractures of ulna coronoid process were classified into 4 major groups based on the condition of the injury of ulna coronoid process, the anterior bundle of the ulnar collateral ligaments(UCL) and the elbow stability. The fracture of coronoid process within half of the height was defined as type Ⅰ. The half of coronoid process fracture with the injury of UCL was defined as type Ⅱ. The base of coronoid process fracture with the dislocation of elbow joint was defined as type Ⅲ, sometimes with the injury of UCL. The severe comminute fracture of coronoid process with elbow instability was defined as type Ⅳ. There were 11 cases in typeⅠ, 9 typeⅡ, 6 type Ⅲ and 5 type Ⅳ in our group. According to the type of injury we choose correlative treatment. Results The follow-up was 18-72 months(average 28.6 months). All the patients got fracture union, and without inflammation, neural injuries and elbow instability. 1 type Ⅲ and 2 type Ⅳ had traumatic osteoarthritis, and 2 type Ⅲ and 2 type Ⅳ occurred heterotopic ossification. There was a statistical significance when the motion range of two-side joints was compared in type Ⅳ. Conclusion We choose conservative treatment in the fracture of typeⅠ. But if the piece of bone affected motion of elbow joint, we can choose operative treatment, and elbow stability is not affected. The fracture of type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ with elbow instability should be reduced internal fixation and the ligament must be repaired or reconstructed. In cases of type Ⅳ, bone reconstruction is necessary to recover of elbow stability. Proper post-operative rehabilitation can decrease the rate of traumatic osteoarthritis.

Objective To develop a polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR RFLP) method using designed primers for determining the genotype of humen platelet antigens (HPA)5 system. Methods HPA 5 system of 25 healthy blood donors were genotyped using PCR RFLP method. The results obtained by PCR RFLP were compared with those determined by allele specific oligonucleotid hybridization (PCR ASO). Results The results of HPA 5 system obtained by PCR RFLP in 25 health donors were as follows: 24 of aa, 1 of ab and 0 of bb. All were in good agreement with those determined by PCR ASO. Conclusions Because PCR RFLP method is plain, fast and reliable for HPA 5 system genotyping, it is suitable for the diagnosis and therapy of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, posttransfusion purpura, platelet transfusion refractoriness and so on..