AIM:To evaluate the economic effectiveness in different pharmacotherapeutic schemes for tuberculosis.METHO_DS:Using pharmacoeconomic cost-effect analysis,three chemotherapy schemes,A,B and C,for bacillary tuberculosis were compared.RESULTS:Among three schemes,C was the best one.CONCLUSION:The results show that pharmacoeconomics plays an important role in optimizing therapeutic scheme,guiding rational drug use and increasing economic effectiveness.

The roles of pharmacists in clinical trials including GCP training , drug administration , evaluation of drug safety issues in clinical trials and regimen design etc were discussed and prospected in the paper .The roles of pharmacists are decisive , and they will play more important roles in clinical trials .

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of pravastation intervention on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-indueed ossifie calcification in human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (hUASMCs). MethodshUASMCs were cultured by tissue explant in vitro, hUASMC were treated with TNF-α 50 μg/L and pravastatin of three different concentrations. The calcium deposition was determined by O-cresolphthalein eomplexone method. The mRNA expression of BAP and OPN was determined by real time-PCR. The protein expression of BAP, OPN and BMP-2 was determined by Western blotting. ResultsPravastatin inhibited the proliferation of hUASMC (r=-0.946, P＜0.01) and decreased the cell calcium deposition (r=-0.973, P＜0.01) in a dosedependent manner. Pravastatin down-regulated the expression of BAP, OPN and BMP-2 induced by TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner (mRNA, r=-0.972, P＜0.01;BAP protein, r=-0.820, P＜0.01;OPN protein, r=-0.972, P＜0.01;BMP-2 protein, r=-0.928, P＜0.01). ConclusionPravastatin can inhibit the proliferation of hUASMC, decrease the cell calcium deposition and inhibit the ossifie calcification of hUASMC induced by TNF-α.

Objective: To evaluate the anti-tumor activity of mouse multi-subtype heat shock protein/peptide (mHSP/P) vaccine in combination with a programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor in mouse sarcoma. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining and en-zyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) was used to quantitatively identify the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP70, HSP90, Grp94) in the sarcoma cell line MCA207. From the protein suspension prepared, mHSP/P and Grp94/peptide (Grp94/P) sarcoma vac-cines were isolated using chromatography and were identified by Western blot (WB). Flow cytometry was used to determine their cy-totoxic effects. The levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) produced upon mHSP/P and Grp94/P stimulation were measured by Elisa. The effect of sarcoma vaccines on the growth and survival of sarcoma was evaluated in mice. The expression of PD-L1 on the surface of MCA207 sarcoma cells was evaluated by immunofluorescent staining. The effect of IFN-γ treatment on the expression of PD-L1 was determined by WB. Animal experiments explored the effects of PD-L1 inhibitor in combination with mHSP/P treatment on tumors. Results: Tumor tissue carries a variety of HSP subtypes (HSP70, HSP90, Grp94). We successfully isolated sarco-ma tissue-derived mHSP/P and Grp94/P tumor vaccines, which were identified by WB; flow cytometry analysis demonstrated their cy-totoxicity. The levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α cytokines upon mHSP/P stimulation were significantly higher than that observed upon Grp94/P stimulation (P<0.05). The expression of PD-L1 on the surface of sarcoma cells increased with IFN-γ treatment. Animal experiments demonstrated that PD-L1 inhibitor in combination with mHSP/P significantly increased the immune response against tumor (P<0.05). Conclusions: Tumor-derived mHSP/P and Grp94/P can be used as tumor vaccines in animal models. The mHSP/P can elicit a stronger anti-tumor immune response than Grp94/P. IFN-γ stimulates the expression of PD-L1 in sarcoma cells, which results in immune eva-sion. The PD-L1 inhibitor in combination with mHSP/P increased the anti-tumor effect in the tumor microenvironment.

Objective: To study the rapid antidepressant effects of cannabioiol(CBD) on depression-like mice and its possible mechanism. Methods: Chronic restraint was used to establish a mouse depression model. The test mice were divided into 5 groups: normal control group, model group, positive control group, CBD low-dose group (25 mg/kg) and CBD high-dose group(50 mg/kg). The mice in each group were given intragastric administration one hour before the behavioral experiment. After the behavioral experiment, the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex specimens were collected, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), postsynaptic density protein 95(PSD-95), synaptophysin(SYP) and target of rapamycin(mTOR) were tested by ELISA. Results: Compared with the model group, the central area activity distance percentage, the central area activity time percentage and total distance increased in the open field experiment in the CBD low-dose group. Compared with the model group, the percentage of immobility in the forced swimming experiment in the low-dose CBD group decreased. The ELISA test results showed that CBD could rapidly increase the concentration of BDNF and PSD-95 in the prefrontal cortex, as well as the concentration of SYP and mTOR in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Conclusion CBD can rapidly improve the behavioral performance of depression-like mice, and rapidly up-regulate the level of BDNF and synaptic protein in the hippocampus or prefrontal cortex.