As a kind of new technology, ethical issues are inevitable in medical and non-medical gene en-hancement application. It is unrealistic to unilaterally support or object to the research and application of medical and non -medical gene enhancement. Based on standardizing the ethical principle of gene enhancement tech-niques, we should build management measures of the research, development and application that adapted to ethi-cal, social and legal standards, so that we can draw on the advantages and avoid the disadvantages, and use gene enhancement reasonably and bring benefits to mankind and society.

Unlike modern large differences between Chinese and Western medicine , in the early stage of hu-man development , the ancient Greek medicine and ancient Chinese medicine during their exploration has a remark-ably consistent .They all represent the most wisdom philosophy , and good tradition a doctor should have , and thus formed the medical ethics that affect later generations .We can see segment of a whole from the theoretical system between the earliest Chinese medical Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor which formed in the spring and autumn period and the warring states period and Hippocratic Corpus which is on behalf of the 5th century BC to the 2nd century BC, the ancient Greek medicine highest achievement .But since then , Chinese traditional medicine and Western medicine have achieved the last collision , And around the second century AD completely broke ranks .We have to seek the origins from the two kinds of heterogeneous soil China and ancient Greece .Research of the relationship be-tween the period of medicine and philosophy can help us find beneficial enlightenment for the difference .

Doctor-patient communication could assist in medical diagnosing , strengthening the confidence of patients and relieving psychological pressure of the medical staff , so that it plays an indispensable role in the process of building a harmonious doctor -patient relationship .Improve the system of doctor -patient communica-tion, set up the third-party supervition of mediation system , convert the mode of thinking with a positive attitude , improve communication skills , correct use communication methods , strengthen the humanistic care and knowledge popularization .Therefore , under the medical model of people-oriented, it should shorten the distance between the doctors and the patients with heart and soul and gradually establish a new harmonious doctor -patient relation-ship with mutual respect , mutual trust , equal communication and cooperation .

With the rapid development of molecular biology,molecular targeted therapy has become an important tumor therapy after surgery,radiotherapy and chemotherapy.It plays an increasingly important role in tumor therapy.Molecular targeted therapy reflects that the clinical medicine tends to precision,but also contains a profound philosophical thought and philosophical basis.On the one hand,the clinical application of molecular targeted therapy reflects the profound philosophical thoughts of the universality of the connection,the universality and theparticularity,and the whole and the part.On the other hand,the further application and development of molecular targeted therapy also need the guidance of philosophical theory.

Objective To identify allergens in portunus trituberculatus responsible for atopic dermatitis (AD) in children.Methods Totally,145 child outpatients with AD were enrolled in this study from September 2013 to July 2014,and underwent the skin prick test (SPT) with crab proteins or crab-specific IgE determination assay.Then,the children with positive SPT or elevated IgE levels underwent an oral challenge with portunus trituberculatus.Serum samples were collected from 33 children with a positive oral food challenge (test group) and from 30 health check-up child examinees (control group).Total proteins were extracted from fresh portunus trituberculatus.Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot were conducted to identify the protein fragments of portunus trituberculatus responsible for AD among these children.Results The SDS-PAGE of crude protein extracts from portunus trituberculatus yielded 11 protein bands with relative molecular masses of 94 000,70 000,58 000,49 000,36 000,34 000,32 000,27 000,21 000,19 000 and 17 000 respectively.Of the 11 protein bands,only 4 with relative molecular masses of 70 000,58 000,49 000 and 36 000 respectively reacted with sera from the patients by Western blot,with the reaction rate being 93.9％,45.4％,39.4％ and 100％ respectively.None of these protein bands reacted with sera from the control group by Western blot.There were significant differences between the test group and control group in the reaction rates of the four proteins with relative molecular masses of 70 000,58 000,49 000 and 36 000 respectively to sera (x2 =55.483,17.898,14.891,63.000,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The two proteins with relative molecular masses of 70 000 and 36 000 respectively are major allergens in portunus trituberculatus responsible for AD among children.

Medical philosophy has important guiding significance for the development of medicine. Ancient Greek medical philosophy has rich connotation and strong vitality. In the study of ancient Greek medical philosophy and combined with"the positioning of basic medicine"and"doctor-patient relationship"and other outstanding is-sues in the current development of medicine, we found that the rational examination of medical theory and medical treatment in ancient Greek medical philosophy, ways of thinking and analytical methods of medical philosophy and the character that physician should have had an important value in the development of modern medicine. We should pay attention to basic medical research,pursue innovative thinking, be good at using critical thinking and pay atten-tion to the training of humanistic spirit among medical workers.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of endovascular embolization in the treatment of traumatic carotid cavernous fistula (TCCF) and the influencing factors of outcomes.Methods:Patients with Barrow A type TCCF underwent intravascular embolization in the Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 2009 to November 2019 were enrolled. They were treated with detachable balloons or Onyx-18 combined with coils via transarterial approach, and clinical and imaging follow-up were performed after operation. Recurrence was defined as a lesion that was completely embolized immediately, but the original fistula was redeveloped during imaging follow-up. The clinical recovery was defined as the disappearance of intracranial vascular murmur, pulsatile exophthalmos, conjunctival hyperemia and edema, the movement of eyeball without disorder and the restoration of vision loss. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for affecting imaging recurrence and clinical recovery. Results:A total of 54 patients with Barrow A type TCCF were enrolled. Their age was 42.5±10.6 years (range, 28-70 years); 36 were male (66.7%). Clinical manifestations: 40 patients (74.1%) had ocular symptoms (exophthalmos, conjunctival congestion, etc.), 35 (64.8%) had intracranial vascular murmur, 36 (66.7%) had visual impairment (decreased vision, visual field defect), 32 (59.3%) had headache, 15 (28.3%) had abducens nerve palsy, and 4 (9.1%) had epistaxis. Fourty-seven patients (87.0%) had superior ophthalmic vein drainage, 19 (35.2%) had superior and inferior petrosal sinus drainage, and 9 (16.7%) had cortical vein drainage. Twenty-eight patients (51.9%) were treated with Onyx-18 combined with coils, and 26 (48.1%) were treated with detachable balloons. After operation, 47 patients (87.0%) were immediately totally embobilized, 4 of them were totally embolized with Onyx-18 and coils after the failure of balloon embolization; 7 patients (13.0%) achieved subtotal embolization. Forty-seven patients (87.0%) recovered after surgery, and the symptoms of 4 patients were better than before admission but the vision did not fully recover (among them, 3 had the symptoms of abducens nerve palsy), 2 had mild hemiplegia, and no patients died after surgery. At postoperative follow-up, 5 (9.3%) recurred, and then they achieved total embolization with Onyx-18 combined with coils. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that subtotal embolization was an independent risk factor for postoperative imaging recurrence (odds ratio 16.63, 95% confidence interval 1.74-159.33; P=0.015), and the presence of cortical venous drainage was an independent risk factor for affecting postoperative clinical recovery (odds ratio 19.08, 95% confidence interval 1.61-226.58; P=0.020). Conclusion:Both of Onyx-18 combined with coils and detachable balloons are safe and effective for the treatment of TCCF. Subtotal embolization is associated with imaging recurrence, and the presence of cortical venous drainage is an independent influencing factor of clinical recovery.

Epicurus’ view of life and death is based on the atomism of naturalism and the epistemology of sensationalism in ancient Greek. He advocated that people should face death calmly, and separate death from the pain of feeling by explaining the true meaning of death to break people’s fear of death. He claimed that people should face desires with rational thinking and pursue a happy life. His view of life and death helped people to treat life and death rationally, alleviate death anxiety, make people actively face the difficulties in life, correctly identify desires and needs, and help individuals pursue a healthy and happy life.

Socrates understood the significance of health and disease to humans from the dimensions of body and soul, and advocated that humans should live a life consistent with nature. Socrates’ virtue of temperance, which is most closely related to health, emphasizes that self-control is the foundation of training a healthy body and mind, and having temperance is the premise for constructing healthy city-state. Faced with the problems of unhealthy lifestyle, infinite expansion of consuming desires, and materialization of interpersonal relations in modern society, Socrates’ health ethics thought has certain practical significance in transforming medical model and reconstructing positive health concept.

【Objective】 To analyze the related factors and countermeasures of adverse reactions to whole blood donation(ARBD) for medical student donors, so as to further reduce the incidence of ARBD. 【Methods】 The demographic data of medical/non-medical student donors and those suffered from ARBD from 2016 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, and the relationship between ARBD and age, gender, frequency of blood donation, blood volume, blood type, pulse, ALT, blood pressure, hemoglobin, etc. was statistically analyzed. 【Results】 The incidence of ARBD in all medical student donors from 2016 to 2018 was 1.16%, lower than that of non-medical students (1.51%). The ARBD rate(2.30%) of senior medical students (> 20 years old) was significantly lower than that of non-medical students (3.93%) and higher than that of junior medical students (≤20 years old)(0.70%). The ARBD rate of novel medical student donors was 1.27%, lower than that of novel non-medical students (2.12%) (P<0.05). Male medical students(1.68%) were more likely to develop ARBD than females(0.78%), donations within 200 mL(55%) than 300mL(0.26%) and 400mL(0), Hb<120 g/L(13.04%) than Hb≥120 g / L( 1.10% ), and blood type A(1.70%) than type O (0.88%) (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that blood volume and blood type were related factors. ARBD was more likely to occur in Type A blood than type O, and was more likely to occur when blood volume was lower. ARBD occurred frequently during phlebotomy, due to mental stress(75%) and hunger(8.92%)(P<0.05), while 96.43% of ARBD could recover within 10 minutes. 【Conclusion】 Novel, male, older than 20 years, Hb<120 g / L, blood type A and donation unit ≤200 mL were main risks for ARBD in medical student donors. Popularizing the knowledge of voluntary blood donation and strengthening pre-donation communication are important measures to prevent ARBD.