BACKGROUND:Due to complex etiology, manifestations, symptoms, development and outcomes, there is no article about the detailed introduction of condylar resorption in China. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of condylar resorption, thereby providing a theoretical basis for clinical treatment of condylar resorption. METHODS:An online computer-based retrieval of PubMed database and CNKI database between January 1990 and January 2014 was performed by the first author. The keywords were “temporomandibular joint, condylar resorption, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment” in English and Chinese, respectively. Finaly 38 literatures on the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of condylar resorption were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Condylar resorption was subdivided into secondary condylar resorption and primary condylar resorption. Secondary condylar resorption has clear risk factors, including condylar fractures, orthognathic surgery, connective tissue or autoimmune diseases and rheumatoid arthritis. Primary condylar resorption may be associated with lowered serum estradiol concentration. Condylar resorption can be diagnosed by imaging studies combined with clinical manifestations and disease history. Condylar resorption treatment measures mainly include medications, splint treatment, occlusal reconstruction, orthognathic surgery, rib-cartilage transplantation and total joint replacement surgery, in conjunction with orthodontic treatment. Currently, its complex etiology and pathogenesis has not been fuly elucidated, and we need to conduct further studies.

Objective To study the role of Caspase-1 activated cytokines in acute lung injury (ALI) in experimental severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods A rat model of SAP was induced by retrograde infusion of 5% sodium taurocholate into the biliary pancreatic duct. Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: healthy control (HC), SAP 6h, SAP 12h and SAP 18h groups. Serum IL-1? level was measured by ELISA. Intrapulmonary expressions of Caspase-1, IL-1? and IL-18 mRNA were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results The serum IL-1? levels were significantly increased after the induction of pancreatitis (P

Objective To summarize the experiences in diagnosing and removing foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Methods Eight hundred and two cases were examined endoscopically for their ingested foreign bodies from 1978 to 2003. Endoscopy and various instruments for grasping the foreign bodies were used. Results Altogether there were 1 198 pieces of foreign bodies, 424 of which were impacted in the esophagus, 662 in the stomach, and 112 in the duodenum. One thousand one hundred and ninity-eight pieces of foreigen bodies were successfully removed from 780 patients without any complications. But removal of 31 pieces in 22 patients failed because the foreign bodies were impacted in the gastrointestinal tract. The success rate was 97.3%. Among all the foreign bodies taken out, the largest one was 20cm in length and 4.2cm in width. Conclusion Endoscopy could be used safely and effectively in patients with ingested foreign bodies.

Objective To explore the potential role of the expression of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)gene in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury(ALI)in early severe acute pancreatitis(SAP). Methods SAP was induced by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the bili-pancreatic duct. Wet to weight ratio and myeloperoxidase(MPO) content of lungs were measured. Pathological changes in the pancreas and lungs were observed. Intrapulmonary expression of CINC gene was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results Compared with that in controls,intrapulmonary expression of CINC gene?wet to weight ratio,and MPO of lungs were increased greatly in twelve hours. The CINC mRNA expression in lungs was significantly correlated with the severity of lung injury,wet to weight ratio,and MPO of lungs. Conclusion Overpexpression of CINC mRNA in the lungs might play an important role in the pathogenesis of ALI in early SAP.

Objective To construct a recombinant live attenuated Salmonella typhimurium nucleic acid vaccine carrying Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) hpaA gene and to detect its immunogenicity. Methods hpaA gene fragment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the genomic DNA of the standard H. pylori strain and cloned into pUCmT vector. DNA sequence of the amplified hpaA gene was assayed,then cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pIRES through enzyme digestion and ligation reactions. The recombinant plasmid was used to transform Escherichia coli DH5?,and the positive clones were screened with PCR reaction and restriction enzyme digestion. Then,the recombinant pIRES-hpaA was transformed to LB5000,then the recombinant plasmid was transformed to SL7207,and the recombinant strain was passaged repeatedly. Finally,recombinant pIRES-hpaA was transfected to COS-7 cells with Lipofectamine TM 2000. The immunogenicity of expressed hpaA protein was determined with SDS-PAGE Western blot. Results The hpaA gene fragment of the 750 base pair was amplified from the genomic DNA,and it was consistent with the sequence of the H. pylori hpaA by sequence analysis. It was confirmed by PCR and restriction enzyme digestion that Helicobacter pylori hpaA gene was inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pIRES and a stable recombinant live attenuated Salmonella typhimurium nucleic acid vaccine carrying Helicobacter pylori hpaA gene was successfully constructed,and specific strip of hpaA expressed by pIRES-hpaA could be detected with Western blotting. Conclusion The recombinant attenuated Salmonella typhimurium nucleic acid vaccine strain expressing HpaA protein with immunogenicity was constructed,it might be helpful for further investigation concerning the immune action of the nucleic acid vaccine in vivo .

Objective To clone human canstatin gene, construct its prokaryotic expression vector, express and purify its recombinant protein. Methods The total RNA was extracted from human placenta tissues. The canstatin gene fragment was synthesized and amplified from the total RNA by RT-PCR. The resulting product was cloned into pUCm-T vector and sequenced. Then the confirmed canstatin cDNA was cloned into plasmid pET-22b(+) and then transformed into E.coli BL21 where it was induced to express proteins by isopropyl-1-thio-b-Dgalactopyranoside (IPTG). The expression of protein was analyzed through SDS-PAGE. Cells after induced 3 hours by IPTG were harvested, sonicated briefly and the proteins were purified through affinity chromatography. Results (1)The extracted total RNA was separated into three clear bands indicating 28S, 18S, and 5S after electrophoresis and the concentration was 1.8 g/L. (2)The target sequences were specifically amplified through RT-PCR. (3)The purified RT-PCR product was cloned into pUCm-T vector and then sequenced, demonstrating to be the same as that of canstatin gene in GenBank. (4) the expression vector pET-22b(+) was constructed and verified by the method of BamH Ⅰ and Hind Ⅲ digestion. (5) After IPTG induction, there was a new protein band about Mr 24kD on SDS-PAGE. The percent expressed product over total bacterial proteins after 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours of induction was 18.2%, 18.8%, 23.0% and 23.4%, respectively, estimated by densitometry. (6)After affinity chromatography, SDS-PAGE showed only one clear band existed in 125 mmol/L or 250 mmol/L imidizone elution. Conclusion Human canstatin gene has been successfully cloned and its prokaryotic expression vector has also been successfully constructed. Further more, purified recombinant proteins are obtained through affinity chromatography, laying foundation for further study of its clinical application.

Objective The clinical efficacy of pancreatic stent in treating chronic pancreatitis was summarized. Methods The stents were applied in 14 patients with chronic pancreatitis and ductal stricture manifested clinically and roentgenographically. Postoperative abdominal pain, changes in appetite, body weight and fat in stools were observed in follow－ ups. Results The stents, 5～ 10F in caliber, were successfully placed in all patients with first attempt. They were followed up for 210 days ( ranging 28～ 520 days ). The early (3 months ) results showed that the pain remitted in 13/14 (92.9％ ) and 11/13 (84.6％ ) of cases respectively. While abdominal pain persisted in 2 cases inspite of the stents. Along with pain remission the appetite and presence of fat in stools improved associated with increase in body weight. The stents drainage maintained for a median to 256 days (ranging 90～ 520 days) Transient hyperamylasemia occurred in 3 cases. Translocation and occlusion of the stent was found in 1 occasion each on the 98 and 520 day respectively. No other serious complication was detected. Conclusion It is assumed that pancreatic stent is effective to treat chronic pancreatitis with ductal stricture.

Objective To study the technique of double stent drainage on biliary and pancreatic ducts obstruction,and to assess its clinical effectiveness.Methods Firstly,ERCP was done on all patients to investigate the locus and extent of the stricture or obstruction,in order to choice the stent with suitable diameter and length.Then the stents placed into biliary and pancreatic ducts though the guidewires those was inserted into the ducts already.After the operation,the level of serum amylase and clinical symptoms such as jaundice,abdominal pain and diarrhea were observed to assess the therapeutic effect.Results 14 patients diagnosed as biliary and pancreatic ducts stricture or obstruction were treated successfully with this method(5 patients suffered from ampulla cancer,4 carcinoma of head of pancreas,3 carcinoma of duodenum papilla,2 chronic inflammation of head of pancreas).Thirteen patients were placed with 14 plastic biliary stents in their biliary ducts(each was placed with one stent except one with 2 stents),and one patient was placed with metal stent.At the same time,14 pancreatic stents were placed into pancreatic ducts of these patients.The rate of jaundice extinction in 2 weeks,1 month and 3 months after the operation was 50 percent,71 percent and 93 percent respectively.The rate of abdominal pain remission in 2 weeks after operation was 75 percent.Among 7 diarrhea patients ,the clinical symptoms disappeared in 5 patients and were significantly improved in 2 patients one month after the operation.The obstruction and displacement of stents had not been observed in all patients within 3 months after the operation.The complications related to operation had not been observed in all patients within 3 months after the operation.Conclusions The therapy with double stent drainage in biliary and pancreatic duct stricture is safe and effective.It can relieve jaundice and abdominal pain,decrease biliary pressure and improve the exocrine dysfunction of pancreas.

Objective To investigate the occurrence of early complications of diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP and its treatment .Methods Occurrence,kind,treatment and outcome of early complications of diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP were respectively reviewed in 8 579 cases in our hospital between January 1977 and December 1999.Results 112 cases had early complications(1.31%).In diagnostic ERCP morbidity of early complications was 1.30%(95/7290) and it was 1.32%(17/1289)in therapeutic ERCP.Of them,acute pancreatitis occurred in 38 cases(0.44%),billiary infection 30 cases(0.35%),bleeding of digestive tract 26 cases(0.30%),drug reaction 8 cases(0.09%),stone and basket incarceration 5 cases(0.06)%,intestinal perforation 1 cases (0.01%) and retroperitoneal pneumatosis 1 cases(0.01%).Of them,106 patients were cured by conservative therapy.Operations were performed in 5 patients.1 patient died.Conclusion In diagnostic ERCP acute pancreatitis is the most common complication,which may be related to difficulty of cannulation,repeated developing and inappropriately injecting contrast medium. In therapeutic ERPC bleeding of digestive tract is the most common complication ,which is related to the procedure ,jaundice and diabetes.Most of complications can be cured by conservative therapy,but a minority needs operation.

0. 05 ) . Conclusion The cagG gene of Hp was quite conservative, most of the Hp strains in Chinese patients were cagG positive, it has no specific predisposition to different disorders and shows no significant correlation to the extent of gastric mucosal inflammation. Therefore cagG can' t be served solely as a related pathogenic gene for certain diseases.