In an attempt to find out an effective treatment for severe hepatitis, clinical characteristics and treatment of fifty cases of subacute severe hepatitis (subacute necrosis of the liver), admitted to our department, were investigated. The data suggested that: (l)the fatality rate was significantly higher in the aged(40 years) group; (2) the five clinical features such as fever, exudative ascites, prolonged prothrombin time, negative CIC and increased peripheral white cell count (10?109 /L) significantly indicated a poor prognosis; (3) multiorgans system failure (MOSF)was found to be more common (71.9%) in this group- (4) branched chain amino acid (B.CAA) therapy benefited and revived most of the cases, however, did not rescue their life eventually.Fetal liver cell transplantation (iv) survived 4 out of 6 treated patients (66. 7%)without any side-effects, so it seems to be a hopeful therapeutic strategy in this field. This report also emphasizes that the mechanism of subrxute severe hepatitis and antiviral agents in its treatment remained to be studied

Background and purpose: It has been proven that gefitinib can be safely and efficiently used to treat advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as a molecule targeted drug. This research was aimed to investigate the efficacy and toxicity of gefitinib as the first-line therapy for advanced NSCLC. Methods: A total of 34 pathologically-confirmed NSCLC patients who were not willing to receive or tolerate traditional cytotoxic drug chemotherapy were enrolled into the study. Gefitinib was orally administered 250 mg daily until disease progression or the occurrence of intolerable toxicity. Results: The objective response rate of gefitinib was 29.4%. The disease control rate was 61.8%. The rate of symptom relief was 47.1%. The median progression-free survival was 3.0 months. The median overall survival was 10.2 months. One-year survival rate was 35.3%. The objective response rate of nun-smoker was higher than smoker (P=0.023). The disease control rate for the patients with rash toxicity after administration of the drug were higher than those without rash (P=0.005). Logistic regression showed that rash was an independent disease control factor (P=0.003). The most common drug-related adverse events were rash and diarrhea. Conclusion: Gefitinib provided another choice to patients who are unwilling or unable to be treated by chemotherapy.

Objective To compare the efficacy and adverse effects of erlotinib versus vinorelbine naive patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation.Methods Totally 46 elderly patients with histologically confirmed advanced NSCLC and EGFR mutations (exon 19 dclction or L858R point mutation) were enrolled.Patients were randomly divided into two groups:erlotinib group (43 cases,150mg per day until disease progression or unacceptable toxicities) and control group (21 cases,vinorelbine-based chemotherapy,single vinorelbine chemotherapy or vinorelbine-based double chemotherapy).Results Response rates and disease control rates were significantly improved with erlotinib compared with vinorelbine (78.6％ and 88.1％ vs.38.1％ and 61.9％,respectively,P＜ 0.05).There was a significant difference in median progression-free survival (11.6 months vs.5.6 months,P＜0.05),while no statistical difference in median overall survival with erlotinib compared with vinorelbine (19.0months vs.16.5 months,P=0.193).The most frequent adverse effects were grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ and no patients stopped treatment due to adverse effects and no drug-relatcd death.The primary adverse effects were skin rash (71.4％),diarrhea (31.0％)and liver dysfunction (23.8％) in the erlotinib group and neutropenia (66.7％),nausea or vomit (47.6％),anemia (42.9％),platelet decline (33.3％),constipation (33.3％) and peripheral neuritis (23.8％) in the vinorelbine group.Vinorelbine group versus erlotinib group have more 3-4 level adverse reactions (15/21 vs.7/42)(x2=1.69,P=0.193).Conclusions Erlotinib treatment has advances in PFS,ORR and DCR and tolerability compared with vinorelbine-based chemotherapy in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC and EGFR mutation,while overall survival is in no difference.Erlotinib may be a reasonable first-line treatment option for elderly patients with advanced NSCLC and sensitive EGFR mutation.

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical features and intervention strategies of head-up tilt table test (HUTT) induced syncope triggering convulsion. METHODS: HUTT was performed in 2377 cases (male 1116 cases and female 1261 cases) with syncope, dizziness, headache, chest tightness at Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from September 2000 to August 2011. They were 2.00-78.00 (18.57±14.36) years old, 1719 cases were younger than 18 years (the children group) [(2.00-17.92 (10.88±3.02) years] and 658 were older than 18 years (the adult group) [(18.00-78.00 (38.66±12.87) years]. We analyzed the related factors for inducing syncope triggering convulsion symptom and other serious side effects in HUTT. RESULTS: 1) Eighty-nine patients (3.74%) induced syncope with convulsion symptoms during HUTT, with more adults (62.92%) than children (37.08%) (χ(2)=87.842, P<0.01). 2) Sinus cardiac arrest and heart rate recovery time: 25 (28.09%) out of the 89 patients had sinus cardiac arrest. The sinus cardiac arrest time was 3.00-14.60 (7.90±3.44) s. After the HUTT, the heart rate recovery time was 0.50-37.00 (3.05±4.11) min, 70 of which (78.65%) resumed 3 min. 3) INTERVENTIONS: when all patients completed the HUTT, they would take oxygen and drink milk and other measures to relieve convulsions and recover heart rate and blood pressure. No one died, and the vital signs of 2 patients returned to normal after intravenous administration. CONCLUSION Induced syncope triggering convulsion symptom in HUTT is more common in adult patients. Convulsions disappear and heart rate and blood pressure return to normal after taking oxygen and milk and other measures. HUTT in clinical practice is safe, and can be used in patients of all ages.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Seizures ; etiology ; therapy ; Syncope ; etiology ; therapy ; Tilt-Table Test ; adverse effects ; Young Adult

Objective:To explore the effect of moderate intensity physical exercise on depression, anxiety and cognitive function of schizophrenic patients and its possible biochemical mechanism.Methods:Totally 148 patients with schizophrenia who were hospitalized in hospital from March 2019 to March 2021 were randomly divided into control group ( n=75) and exercise group ( n=73). The patients of the two groups were given drug treatment and routine exercise according to clinical practice, and the patients in exercise group were given additional medium-intensity physical exercise.Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to evaluate the poor mental state of the subjects.The verbal fluency task(VFT), digital span test(DST), trail making test-A(TMT-A) and the positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) were used to evaluate cognitive function.The levels of endocannabinoids (eCBs) receptors were detected by high performance liquid chromatography, and the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters and eCBs in the patients' serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis.The measurement data between the two groups were compared by t-test and the counting data between the two groups were compared by χ2 test. Results:(1) After effective intervention, the scores of SAS, SDS, TMT-A and PANSS of the two groups were significantly lower than those before intervention, and the difference before and after intervention between the two groups was statistically significant( t=6.00, 6.52, 25.79, 17.03, all P<0.01). The scores of SAS, SDS, TMT-A and PANSS after intervention in the exercise group were significantly lower than those in the control group( t=4.66, 20.88, 6.61, 8.95; all P<0.01). The number of VFT and DST in the two groups after intervention were significantly higher than those before intervention, and the differences before and after intervention between the two groups were statistically significant( t=13.78, 22.76, both P<0.01). After effective intervention, the number of VFT and DST in exercise group were significantly higher than those in the control group( t=5.02, 5.15, both P<0.01). (2) After effective intervention, the contents of monoamine neurotransmitters and eCBs in serum of the two groups were significantly higher than those before intervention, and HVA level ((63.68±6.99) pg/mL), MHPG level ((175.90±16.22) pg/mL), 5-HIAA level ((29.94±4.19) pg/mL) and CBR1 level ((6.70±1.40)μg/L), 2-AG level ((61.90±5.73)pmol/g) and AEA level ((76.48±6.59) pmol/g) in exercise group were significantly higher than those in the control group ((52.97±5.37)pg/mL, (138.50±11.52)pg/mL, (23.87±3.15)pg/mL, (5.71±1.29)μg/L, (52.13±5.14)pmol/g, (67.66±5.88)pmol/g)( t=10.43, 16.21, 10.91, 8.65, all P<0.01). Conclusion:Moderate intensity physical exercise can significantly improve their depression, anxiety and cognitive function, which may be related to regulating the levels of ECBS and their receptors in patients with chronic schizophrenia to increase monoamine neurotransmitters.

Objective To investigate the changes of amplitude of T wave and ST segment between the supine and orthostatic electrocardiogram in children and adolescents with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Methods A total of 74 children and adolescents diagnosed as POTS by head-up tilt test (HUTT),who complained of unexplained dizziness,headache,syncope or other symptoms,were chosen as POTS group. A total of 64 children and adolescents who did the health check in our child health clinic were selected as control group by age and sex in the same period. All the cases in this study came from the syncope specialized clinic or inpatient department of the Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,from August 2013 to January 2016. The heart rate and the 12-lead T-wave and ST-segment amplitude of the supine and orthostatic electrocardiogram were measured by software and manual intervention. Results (1) Com-pared with supine electrocardiogram,the heart rate of orthostatic electrocardiogram of POTS group increased [(105. 2 ± 16. 3) times/ min vs. (83. 8 ± 18. 0) times/ min,t = - 7. 598,P < 0. 01],the T-wave amplitude decreased in lead Ⅰ[(0. 28 ± 0. 14) mV vs. (0. 33 ± 0. 11) mV,t = 2. 598,P < 0. 05],Ⅱ[(0. 28 ± 0. 12) mV vs. (0. 39 ± 0. 13) mV,t = 5. 340,P < 0. 01],Ⅲ[(0. 00 ± 0. 19) mV vs. (0. 07 ± 0. 11) mV,t = 3. 041, P < 0. 01],aVF[(0. 14 ± 0. 13) mV vs. (0. 23 ± 0. 11) mV,t = 4. 505,P < 0. 01],V4 [(0. 33 ± 0. 21) mV vs. (0. 51 ± 0. 23) mV,t = 4. 938,P < 0. 01],V5 [(0. 37 ± 0. 10) mV vs. (0. 50 ± 0. 15) mV,t = 7. 764,P <0. 01] and V6 [(0. 25 ± 0. 10) mV vs. (0. 37 ± 0. 10) mV,t = 7. 538,P < 0. 01],the T-wave amplitude in-creased in lead aVR[( - 0. 27 ± 0. 11) mV vs. ( - 0. 36 ± 0. 10) mV,t = - 5. 023,P < 0. 01],and the ST-segment amplitude increased in lead V 5 [(0. 07 ± 0. 04) mV vs. (0. 06 ± 0. 04) mV,t = - 2. 309,P < 0. 05]. (2) Compared with control group,the difference of heart rate of POTS group increased [( - 21. 4 ± 14. 0) times/ min vs. ( - 10. 7 ± 11. 4)times/ min,t = 4. 875,P < 0. 01],and the difference of T-wave amplitude in-creased in lead Ⅰ[(0. 05 ± 0. 10) mV vs. ( - 0. 01 ± 0. 15) mV,t = - 3. 161,P < 0. 01],Ⅱ[(0. 11 ± 0. 12) mV vs. (0. 07 ± 0. 12) mV,t = - 2. 243,P < 0. 05],V4 [(0. 18 ± 0. 18) mV vs. (0. 07 ± 0. 20) mV,t =- 3. 282,P < 0. 01],V5 [(0. 18 ± 0. 11) mV vs. (0. 14 ± 0. 13) mV,t = - 2. 013,P < 0. 05] and V6 [(0. 13 ± 0. 08) mV vs. (0. 08 ± 0. 10) mV,t = - 3. 364,P < 0. 01],and the difference of T-wave amplitude in-creased significant in lead aVR[( - 0. 09 ± 0. 08) mV vs. ( - 0. 03 ± 0. 08) mV,t = 4. 109,P < 0. 01]. (3) Logistic regression analysis:the difference of heart rate and T-wave amplitude in lead V5 and V6 on supine and orthostatic electrocardiogram was statistically valuable for the diagnosis of POTS (P < 0. 05). (4) Diag-nostic test evaluation:when the difference of heart rate ≥15 times/ min,of T-wave amplitude in lead V5 and lead V 6≥ 0. 10 mV separately,on supine and orthostatic electrocardiogram at the same time,the sensitivity of the diagnosis of POTS was 37. 8％ and the specificity was 81. 3％ . (5)The follow-up of children and adoles-cents with POTS showed no significant difference of T-wave amplitude and ST-segment amplitude on ortho-static and supine ECG comparing to the initial diagnosis,regardless of the type of HUTT reaction remained or turned negative (P >0. 05). Conclusion The difference of heart rate and of T-wave amplitude in lead V5 and V6 are valuable for the diagnosis of POTS in children and adolescents.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the etiology and prognosis of the children and adolescents with situational syncope in a single center.Methods There were 4 274 cases of children and adolescents [aged from 2 to 18 years old,the average age being (10.82 ± 3.13)years old],male 2 208 cases,female 2 066 cases with ortho-static intolerance syndromes,such as unexplained syncope or symptoms of presyncope,etc,who were treated at Children's Syncope Outpatient Department or Inpatient Department in the Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University from January 2000 to November 2017.All subjects underwent detailed history investigation,careful physical examinations, routine 12-lead electrocardiogram,Holter electrocardiogram(ECG),chest X-ray,echocardiography,electroencephalo-gram(EEG)and head computerized tomography(CT)or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),blood biochemical exami-nation (including fasting glucose,myocardial enzymes)and organic diseases in the heart,brain,blood vessels were ex-cluded,but the cause of syncope was still not clear.The head-up tilt table test (HUTT)was performed after the pa-tients or/and the families wrote the informed consent agreement.Results A total of 177 (4.14%)patients with situa-tional syncope were diagnosed among 4 274 cases.Etiology included the abdominal musecle exercise (35.59%,63/177 cases),urination (24.29%,43/177 cases),bathing (9.60%,17/177 cases),defecation (7.34%,13/177 cases), singing (5. 08%,9/177 cases),rides (4.52%,8/177 cases),blood-injection-injury phobia (3.95%,7/177 ca-ses),swallowing (3.39%,6/177 cases),and hair-grooming (2. 82%,5/177 cases),syncope during acupuncture treatment (2. 26%,4/177 cases),and cough (1.13%,2/177 cases). The common positions were upright position (84.18%,149/177 cases),squatting to standing position (8.47%,15/177 cases),sitting position (5.08%,9/177 cases),and squatting position (2.26%,4/177 cases).HUTT positive rate was 69.49%(123/177 cases),common type of hemodynamic were the vasodepressive type of vasovagal syncope (45.20%,80/177 cases),mixed type of vaso-vagal syncope (19.77%,35/177 cases),postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (3.39%,6/177 cases)and the cardiac suppressive type of vasovagal syncope (1.13%,2/177 cases).In 35 cases of situational syncope,the number of children and adolescents with syncope was significantly reduced by health education and upstanding training.By the first follow-up review,the cases were reduced from (2.69 ± 1.81)times to (0.59 ± 0.96)times after healthy edu-cation of 2-16 weeks [(4.97 ± 3.16)weeks].By the second follow-up review,3 out of 8 cases did not faint,3 cases fainted 1 time,1 case fainted 2 times,and 1 case fainted 4 times.The outcomes of the first reexamination of HUTT in 16 cases were negative,and other 3 cases were negative by twice visit.Conclusions The etiology of children and adoles-cents are flag-raising(abdominal muscle exercise),urination,bathing,defecation,singing,riding,blood-injection-injury phobia,swallowing,hair -grooming,syncope during acupuncture treatment and coughing. Healthy education is good for situational syncope.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence of long (short) PR interval in electrocardiogram among healthy people in Changsha and the clinical significance.
 METHODS: Twelve-lead body surface electrocardiogram was taken to measure the heart rates and PR intervals from 4 025 healthy individuals (age range from 6 min after birth to 83 years old) who performed physical examination from Jan, 1993 to Dec, 2012 in the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. Statistics were analyzed by SPSS 16.0.
 RESULTS: The total incidence of short PR interval was 19.65% (791/4 025). The age group from birth to 13 years old had a higher incidence than the other age groups (χ2=432, P<0.01). The age groups from 1 month after birth and from 1 month to younger than 1 year-old displayed the highest incidences (43.29% and 44.34%, respectively). The lowest incidences were obtained from the 14-17 year-old, 40-49 year-old and 50-59 year-old groups (0.20%, 0.41%, and 0.33%, respectively). The total incidence of long PR intervals was 3.58% (144/4 025). The 1 year-old group had the highest incidence (6.74%), which decreased with the increase of age. The lowest incidence of long PR intervals occurred in the age group from 14-17 years old, which gradually increased after 50 years old. There were no significant differences in long (short) PR intervals between the gender (P>0.05).
 CONCLUSION The incidence of long (short) PR intervals varies in different age groups of healthy people. The incidences of long (short) PR intervals in children before 10 years old are higher than those in adults, especially the short PR intervals, as a result of the heart rate affected by childhood autonomic nervous function and the change in atrial volume with age. Adults have long (short) PR interval should be regularly followed-up to prevent cardiovascular events.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Conduction System ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: There is no standard treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after the failure of two lines of chemotherapy, S-1 as the third generation of fluorouracil derivate with well safety and low toxicity, presented some efficacy in lung cancer treatment. The aim of this study is to explore the efficacy of S-1 for advanced NSCLC patients treated with two or more prior chemotherapy regimens. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 105 NSCLC patients treated with S-1 monotherapy or S-1 contained chemotherapy as the third or more line of treatment in our hospital from January 2014 to April 2017. S-1 was administrated orally twice daily for 2 weeks, followed by one week of rest, the dose of drug was determined by body surface area (<1.25 m2, 80 mg/d; 1.25 m2-1.5 m2, 100 mg/d; ≥1.5 m2, 120 mg/d), platinum or the third-generation chemotherapy drugs could be combinedly used. Clinical response was assigned every cycle according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1, Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: 42 patients received S-1 monotherapy, the other 63 patients received combined regimens, the median treatment line was 4 (3-11) and the median treatment cycle was 2 (1-14). No complete response (CR) were observed, there were 4 patients with partial response (PR), 34 patients with stable disease (SD) and 67 patients with progressive disease (PD), the objective response rate (ORR) was 3.81%, disease control rate (DCR) was 36.19%. The median PFS was 1.90 months (0.67 months-10.83 months), no difference between monotherapy and combined group (DCR: 28.56% vs 41.27%, P=0.185), the liver metastasis showed poorer PFS (1.40 months vs 1.93 months , P=0.042). CONCLUSIONS S-1 presented some activity in advanced NSCLC treated with more than two lines of treatment. The addition of other drugs cannot improve efficacy. S-1 monotherapy can be used as a choice for heavily-treated patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; Drug Combinations ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxonic Acid ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Safety ; Survival Analysis ; Tegafur ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome