Objective To evaluate the virucidal efficacy of tea tree oil (TTO) on poliovirus (PV). Methods According to the Technical Standard For Disinfection, the PV-inactivating capacity of TTO was objectively detected by cell infection method before and after treatment of the virus with different concentrations of TTO. Results A 4.33 log10 titre reduction and a 5.5 log10 titre reduction of PV could be obtained with 0.5% TTO for 40 and 60 min, respectively; and a 5.33 log10 titre reduction and a 5.5 log10 titre reduction could be obtained with 1.0% TTO for 40 and 60 min, respectively. Conclusion TTO has obvious inactivating effect on PV in vitro.

Objective To compare the inhibition of the homegrown and Australian tea tree oil(TTO)solution on TNF-? release from RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS.Methods MTT assay was used to measure the effects of TTO on viability of RAW264.7 in vitro.RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with two kinds of TTO solution in the dose-and time-dependent manners,then stimulated by LPS.TNF-? in the supernate was tested by ELISA.Results In vitro,two kinds of TTO(

As a method of human resource analysis and evaluation,the competency model is becoming the core and basis of human resource management system.The study of competency is hardly applied in human resource management of the major disciplines.This paper described the concept and development of competency and competency model, discussed the development system of the innovative talents'competency,analyzed the innovative talents' competency, the construction of competency model and the competency model database and the significance of this model for the major disciplines.

The arteries of the palmar part of the hand were examined in 50 hands of adult under the operating microscope.The arteries of the hand are arranged at three main levels: the superficial palmar arteries, the deep palmar arteries and the dorsal network. The arterial anastomoses between the levels may be divided into 2 groups: the marginal and the central anastomoses, the former which is situated at the radial and ulnar borders of the palm can be subdivided into superficial and deep groups, the latter is located in the central part of the palm including the direct and indirect anastomostic branches, the proximal and distal perforating branches, and the intermetacarpal perforating branches. The deep arch and its branches, as the center in the total arterial architecture of the palmar part of the hand, closely links with the arteries of the superficial and dorsal ones, playing an important role in regulating the collateral circulation of the hand.The flow formula of the Poiseuille's law indicates that the significant correlation exists between the arterial diameter and the blood flow. For the variety of diameter of each portion of the anastomostic branches, we inferred that the main source of blood flow in the superficial arteries is the ulnar artery and in the deep is the radial artery. The blood within the marginal anastomoses flows from palmar to dorsal, the central mainly from the deep arch and its branches.The dominant parts of the collateral circulation of the hand were found, that is, the deep arch dominantes over the superficial arch and the dorsal network, the central anastomosis over the marginal, the deep branches of the marginal over the superficial branches.The arrangement of the digital arteries has been discussed.

Objective To design an evaluation index system of scientific research performance in military medical universities and determine the weights of these indexs.Methods Through literature study,the Balanced Scorecard Card (BSC) is used to preliminarily design the evaluation index system of scientific research performance in military medical universities.And then the Delphi Method is used to finalize the valuation indexs.The weights of valuation indexes at all levels are determined based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).The comprehensive weight is determined by math-statistical method.Finally,we quantify the qualitative indicators of third-level indicators,collect the data on scientific research performance of two departments in recent two years and evaluate the applicability of the system.Results A systematic and comprehensive evaluation system which can reflect the scientific research performance in military medical universities,comprise 8 first-level indicators,22 secondlevel indicators and 50 third-level indicators.The weights of valuation indexes at all levels have been determined.The empirical study shows that in the comprehensive level of B department is higher than that of A.But each department has its strengths in the aspects of four dimensions.For example,compared to the score of B department,the score of A department is significantly lower in the aspect of traditional scientific input and output,comparable in the two aspects of customers and internal processes,slightly lower in 2013 but higher in 2014 in the aspect of learning and growth.Conclusions The evaluation index system of scientific research performance based on the BSC and AHP comprise long term and short-term indicators,financial and non-financial indicators,explicit and implicit indicators,qualitative and quantitative indicators.Through using the scientific consultation,analysis and calculation methods,the evaluation index system is proved to be valid and reliable.Compared to the traditional evaluation system of scientific research performance,the evaluation system based on the BSA can better and more comprehensively reflect the level of scientific research,innovation ability and sustainable development trend of a department in the aspcet of applicability.

The Balanced Scorecard,as a new strategic management tool,has been widely used in the performance evaluation of Chinese enterprise.This review discussed the application and potential problems of the Balanced Scorecard in the research performance management of the research universities.

Ecological system of subjects innovation is a strategic paradigm proposed by researchers of subjects innovation.In order to achieve efficient knowledge reuse and continuous knowledge innovation,Ecological system of subjects innovation reconstructs,integrates and optimizes the internal and external resource scattered in different subjects,knowledge chains ,knowledge alliances,knowledge clusters.To construct the cooperative innovation model of ecological system of subjects innovation.In this paper,the definition of ecological system of subjects innovation has been given.Then cooperative innovation model has been constructed and ecological system of subjects innovation has been demonstrated through some cases.Cooperative innovation model of ecological system of subjects innovation is composed of the purpose,the partner and the cooperation.Using extended network cooperation model,ecological system of subjects innovation gain the advantages of competition.

Innovation team is an independent and open complex adaptive system, which provides new ideas for recognizing and understanding the inner operating mechanism of innovation teams. This article analyzed the mechanisms of communication and exchange, competition and cooperation, incentive and con-straint as well as the conflict management from the perspective of complex adaptive system.

The ecosystem for disciplinary innovation is a new mode that facilitates the improvement of various disciplines in universities. This article analysed innovation, ecosystem for innovation as well as ecosystem for discipline, and proposed the concept and characteristics of the ecosystem for disciplinary innovation in universities.

Objective To study the quality of life(QOL) and its associated factors in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) . Methods The 148 TBI patients treated and discharged from department of neurosurgery Chongqing beibei district people′s hospital were selected out and involved in the investigation .the World Health Organization health-related QOL BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to investigate the QOL .116 valid questionnaires were obtained .Results The scores of physiological ,psychological ,social relationship ,environment domains of QOL among the patients with TBI were (69 .37 ± 17 .46) ,(59 .16 ± 14 .47) ,(54 .17 ± 14 .64) , (49 .33 ± 18 .33)scores .Multiple stepwise regression analysis results showed that ,age ,place of residence ,brain injury parting were risk factors for brain injury patient's quality of life ,GOS scores ,degree ,discharge time interval were protect factors (P< 0 .05) . Conclusion The QOL of the patient with TBI discharged from the hospital was lower than the domestic general population .The patient′s age ,residence ,educational level ,the type of TBI ,GOS score ,the time to discharges were the main influencing factors .