ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effects of biological artificial material (BAM)induced artificial bone in the repair of lower extremity bone defects. MethodsThe study involved 32 patients with lower extremity bone defects treated by BAM artificial bone grafting from January 2008 to December 2010.Their age was at a range of 21-77 years (mean,32.5 years).The volume of bone defects was 1.0 cm × 2.0 cm × 2.5 cm-3.0 cm × 3.5 cm × 5.0 cm ( mean,15.4 cm3 ).The main causes of bone defects were comminuted fracture,bone cyst,fibrous dysplasia,and chronic osteomyelitis.A followup was performed immediately after the surgery and at 1,2,3,5,7,9,12,18 months after surgery to observe the systemic and local reactions,changes of blood calcium/phosphorus,repair of bone defect and restoration of function of the affected extremity.ResultsAll patients were followed up for 9-18 months (mean,10.5 months).There were no local or systemic grafts rejection from the postoperative period to the last follow-up.Follow-up X-ray films showed fuzzy boundary of BAM artificial bone implantation area and bone tissues around bone defects three months postoperatively and new bone formation. Apparent bone ingrowth into the BAM artificial bone implantation area,integrated artificial bone materials and bone tissues,and basically repaired bone defects were founded six months postoperaively.The time for full weight-bearing of the affected extremity was on postoperative 2.5-4 months ( mean,3.2 months).ConclusionBAM artificial bone is characterized by good biocompatibility,osteogenesis effect and a certain stiffness and strength of inner structure and can he used to repair the lower extremity bone defects.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of transpedicular graft of biological artificial material (BAM) -induced artificial bone and posterior pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures.Methods A total of 72 patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures treated by transpedicular reduction by leverage,BMA-induced artificial bone grafting and posterior pedicle screw fixation from 2005 to 2010 were reviewed and followed up.The frontal and lateral X-ray radiograph of the spine was performed before and after operation and during the follow-up.The anterior and posterior height of the injured vertebrae,thoracolumbar kyphotic angle ( Cobb' s angle),ratio of anterior to posterior vertebral height were determined.Also,the America Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scale was used to evaluate the neurological recovery and the visual analog scale (VAS) was applied to assess the back and waist pain.Results All patients were followed up for a mean period of 18.3 months,ranging from 12 to 28 months.Meanwhile,all the patients obtained bone union,with no rejection of artificial bone graft,breakage or loosening of screws,or obvious loss of both vertebrae height and deformity correction angle.Notable improvement of neurological function was achieved in all patients except for two patients with Frankel A nerve injury.The VAS score descended from pre-operative ( 8.4 ± 2.5 ) points to (2.2 ± 1.6 ) points at latest follow-up,which showed obvious alleviation of back and waist pain.Conclusions Transpedicular bone graft plus internal fixation is an effective,reasonable and easy method for managing osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures.In addition,the implanted BAM-induced artificial bone is of good biological and mechanical properties.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of the second toenail flap with the dorsal bone of the phalange in repairing the defect of fingernail bed.Methods:From January, 2012 to June, 2019, 10 patients with large area of fingernail bed defect were treated by the second toenail flap with bone on the back of the phalanx. The survival of the flap was observed after the operation, and the fracture healing, the shape of the nail and the flexion and extension function of the finger joint were observed in the outpatient follow-up.Results:All flaps of the second toenail survived. The average follow-up period was 8 (4-12) months. The fractured ends of 10 patients' phalanges healed well without nonunion, good appearance of toenail and deformity of toenail. The recovery of hand function was evaluated according to the evaluation standard of upper limb function of Hand Surgery Society of Chinese Medical Association, 9 cases were excellent, and 1 case was good.Conclusion:The second toenail flap with dorsal bone of the phalanx preserved is easy to cut, simple to operate, and has good clinical effect. It is a good method to repair the defect of the fingernail bed.

Objective: To understand the coincidence rate of adjustable and non adjustable desks and chairs in primary and secondary schools in Shanghai, so as to provide a reference for the effective management of desks and chairs in schools. Methods: Stratified random cluster sampling was applied to measure 1 091 sets of desks and chairs in 33 classrooms of 7 primary and secondary schools in 4 districts of Shanghai including Huangpu, Hongkou, Yangpu and Jiading districts. The height examination data of seated students in the same semester were also collected to evaluate the matching type of functional size of desks and chairs and students height according to Functional Sizes and Technical Requirements of Chairs and Tables for Educational Institutions. Results: The matching coincidence rate of desk and chair distribution in primary and secondary schools was 22.5%, and the matching coincidence rates of primary, middle and high schools were 11.7%, 27.1% and 40.9% respectively ( χ 2=83.23, P <0.01); the matching coincidence rate of adjustable desks and chairs (28.2%) was significantly higher than that of fixed (18.2%) ( χ 2=14.49, P <0.01). The type of distribution of desks and chairs that do not correspond to national standards, from elementary school to high school, showing a trend of high desks with high chairs, low desks with high chairs to high desks with low chairs. Conclusion The coincidence rate of desk and chair distribution in primary and secondary schools is low, and the adjustable desks and chairs has improved the problems to a certain extent, but has not significantly improved the coincidence rate. It is necessary to further explore the effective management mode in the use of adjustable desks and chairs and improve the current situation of the use of desks and chairs in schools.

Objective:To study the stability and influencing factors of potassium iodate iodized salt that can be sold in Jilin Province.Methods:In November 2020, 10 large supermarkets were randomly selected in Jilin Province, and two kinds of potassium iodate iodized salts were randomly selected in each supermarket, with five copies of each kind, a total of 100 samples of iodized salt, and the iodine content was determined by spectrophotometry (iodide-starch blue light method). Iodized salt samples were classified according to different salt species (mine salt, sea salt and lake salt) and different production processes (refined salt and non-refined salt). The salt was stored at room temperature, and the iodine content in the salt was measured at 0, 10 and 20 days after opening the packaging. The iodine content attenuation rates of different salt species and different production processes were compared.Results:The mine salt, sea salt and lake salt in iodized salt samples were 45, 45 and 10 portions, respectively. The iodine contents of the 0th day of storage [(19.89 ± 1.38), (20.62 ± 1.91), (19.78 ± 1.01) mg/kg] were compared, and the difference was not statistically significant ( F = 2.57, P = 0.093). On the 10th day, the iodine content of mine salt was lower than that of sea salt and lake salt, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05); on the 20th day, the iodine content of mine salt was lower than that of sea salt, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the iodine content of mine salt stored at 0, 10 and 20 days ( F = 90.62, P < 0.001). The iodine content of sea salt and lake salt on the 20th day was significantly lower than that on the 0th and 10th day, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The iodine content attenuation rates of mine salt, sea salt and lake salt on the 0 - 10 days was compared with that on the 10 - 20 days, and the differences were statistically significant ( Z = 2.24, 2.94, 2.80, P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the iodine content attenuation rates of mine salt, sea salt and lake salt during the 0 - 10 days of storage ( Z = 24.05, P < 0.001), there was no statistically significant difference in the iodine content attenuation rates on 10 - 20 days ( Z = 5.86, P = 0.053). There was no significant difference in iodine content attenuation rates between refined salt and non-refined salt on 0 - 10, 10 - 20 days ( Z = 1.16, 0.28, P > 0.05). There was no statistical significant difference in the iodine content attenuation rates of refined salt and non-refined salt on the 0 - 10 days compared with those of 10 - 20 days ( Z = 0.76, 1.90, P > 0.05). Conclusions:Iodine loss occurs at 20 days after opening the packaging of iodized salt in Jilin Province. The attenuation of iodine content is less affected by salt species and production processes. It is recommended to eat iodized salt within 20 days after opening the packaging.

Humans ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; diagnosis ; therapy

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disease. It is featured by abnormal alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Macroautophagy (autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process for degradation of cellular contents, including protein aggregates, to maintain cellular homeostasis. Corynoxine B (Cory B), a natural alkaloid isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Jacks., has been reported to promote the clearance of α-syn in cell models by inducing autophagy. However, the molecular mechanism by which Cory B induces autophagy is not known, and the α-syn-lowering activity of Cory B has not been verified in animal models. Here, we report that Cory B enhanced the activity of Beclin 1/VPS34 complex and increased autophagy by promoting the interaction between Beclin 1 and HMGB1/2. Depletion of HMGB1/2 impaired Cory B-induced autophagy. We showed for the first time that, similar to HMGB1, HMGB2 is also required for autophagy and depletion of HMGB2 decreased autophagy levels and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase III activity both under basal and stimulated conditions. By applying cellular thermal shift assay, surface plasmon resonance, and molecular docking, we confirmed that Cory B directly binds to HMGB1/2 near the C106 site. Furthermore, in vivo studies with a wild-type α-syn transgenic drosophila model of PD and an A53T α-syn transgenic mouse model of PD, Cory B enhanced autophagy, promoted α-syn clearance and improved behavioral abnormalities. Taken together, the results of this study reveal that Cory B enhances phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase III activity/autophagy by binding to HMGB1/2 and that this enhancement is neuroprotective against PD.