Objective To investigate the clinical manifestation, biochemically detected data, and radiographic features of a pedigree with suspected mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome, and to explore the correlations between the clinical features and the mutant heteroplasmy levels of mitochondrial genome. Methods The personal details, histories of stroke-like episodes and seizures within the proband and 11 members in the maternal lineage of the family were collected. Routine blood examinations and plasma lactate levels before and after movements of these family members were detected, followed by cephalic MRI examinations. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing were used to detect and validate the A3243G point mutation in mitochondrial genome, and real-time PCR were used to quantify the mutation proportion of A3243G. Results Typical symptoms of MELAS such as seizures, stroke-like episodes and hyperlactacidemia and atypical symptoms such as growth failure, exercise intolerance, fevers and migraines were observed on several members in the pedigree. Cephalic MRI findings performed during episode periods were in accord with the typical radiographic features of MELAS and cerebellar atrophy was commonly observed. Family members on the maternal side all harbored the point mutation on 3243 site in mitochondrial genome. Meanwhile, patients with higher heteroplasmy levels relatively manifested more typically and severely according to the clinical observation. Conclusions The pedigree is diagnosed with maternal inheritance of MELAS syndrome. The main cause can be attributed to a mitochonorial A3243G mutation.The mutant heteroplasmy levels of hemocytes in peripheral blood are positively associated with genetic relationship, seizure anticipation, plasma lactate data and other clinical features.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the method to optimize the function of current "Nationwide Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Network". METHODS: To analyze the disadvantages of the current "Nationwide Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Network" from perspective of the contents of items and its operational function and put forward some suggestions for its modification. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The current ADR collecting system should be upgraded and modified to ensure the validity, standardization and integrality of ADR reports in our country to a large extent.

Objective To investigate the relationship between microalbuminuria (MAU) and the risk factor for acute ischemic stroke,the severity of the disease and outcomes.Methods A total of 156 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled prospectively.They were randomly divided into either an MAU positive group (≥ 30 mg/g) or an MAU negative group (＜ 30 mg/g) according to urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR).They were also randomly divided into either a good outcome group (0-2) or a poor outcome group (＞2) according to the modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores.The various demographic and clinical data were compared,and the poor outcome of acute ischemic stroke and the independent factors of positive MAU were analyzes.Results A total of 156 patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled,including 84 males and 72 female; aged 53 to 78 years (mean 65.4 ± 6.2); the time from onset to admission was 1.5 to 28 h; 94 patients had good outcomes,62 had poor outcomes,and no one died; MAU was positive in 76 patients and MAU was negative in 80 ones.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age (odds ratio [OR] 1.992,95％ confidence interval [CI] 1.108-2.374; P =0.015),complicated with diabetes (OR 2.497,95％ CI 1.177-5.298; P =0.017) and atrial fibrilhtion (OR 2.338,95％ CI 1.062-5.148; P =0.035),high serum homocysteine (Hcy) level (OR 2.541,95％ CI 1.073-6.02; P =0.047) and UACR (OR 2.130,95％ CI 1.396-3.017; P =0.001),MAU positive (OR 3.291,95％ CI 1.681-6.444; P =0.001),high baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (OR 9.196,95％ CI 2.828-19.815; P＜ 0.001) were the independent risk factors for poor outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke.There were significant differences in the proportion of the patients complicated with diabetes (P =0.038) and fasting blood glucose level (P =0.025),serum Hey level (P =0.022),and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) (P =0.019) between the MAU positive group and the MAU negative group.The proportion of anterior circulation infarction was lower (P =0.033),the rates of the baseline NIHSS score (P =0.003) and poor outcome were higher in the MAU positive group (P ＜ 0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that increased diabetes (OR 2.237,95％ CI 1.036-4.829; P =0.040) and fasting blood glucose (OR 1.223,95％ CI 1.145-1.673; P =0.027),the increased Hey level (OR 2.542,95％ CI 1.047-6.612; P=0.025),carotid artery IMT (OR 1.295,95％ CI 1.106-1.362; P =0.023) and baseline NIHSS score (OR1.206,95％ CI 1.044-1.219; P =0.023) were correlated independently with the positive MAU in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Conclusions Positive MAU is one of the independent risk factors for poor outcomes of acute ischemic stroke,it is closely associated with some risk factors for acute ischemic stroke,and it has a significant impact on the severity of acute ischemic stroke and outcomes.

OBJECTIVETo photoelastically investigate the difference in load distribution of Tension More (TM) implants with different conical angle designs.

METHODSThe following five groups of implants of different conical angles were designed: cylinder implant, upper 1/3 TM implant (taper length of 3 mm); 1/2 TM implant (taper length of 5 mm); lower 1/3 TM implant (taper length of 7 mm); and bottom TM implant (taper length of 10 mm). The implants were centrally located in individually photoelastic models consisting of a simulated trabecular bone and a 1 mm-thick layer of cortical bone. Vertical and 45° oblique static loads were applied at the center of the superstructures. The resulting stresses were monitored photoelastically and recorded photographically. RESULTS With vertical loading, the cylinder implant showed higher stress levels in the cortical bone and trabecular bone than the upper 1/3 TM implant, 1/2 TM implant, and lower 1/3 TM implant. The four groups of TM implants showed lower stress levels in the cortical bone than the cylinder implant under oblique loads. The least favorable stress concentration in cortical bone was observed in the upper 1/3 TM implant under vertical and oblique loads.

CONCLUSIONTM implants of rational conical angle designs seem to be effective in stress distribution. For all designs and load directions, the upper 1/3 TM implant is the most favorable around the crest.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics and the bioequivalence of mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)dry suspension versus its imported tablets counterpart in healthy volunteers.METHODS:In a randomized two period crossover study,each of the 20 healthy male volunteers received a single oral dose of 0.75 mg dry suspension or imported tablet of MMF.The plasma concentration of mycophenolic acid(MPA),which is the active metabolite of MMF,were determined by HPLC.The pharmacokinetics of MPA were estimated by the non-compartment model and the bioequivalence of the two formulations of MMF were evaluated by ANOVA and two one-sided-test.RESULTS:The main pharmacokinetic parameters of MMF dry suspension versus imported MMF tablet were as follows:t1/2? were(16.80?4.10)and(16.77?4.50)h;tmax were(0.4?0.1)and(0.7?0.4)h;Cmax were(19.29?6.78)and(18.22?7.19)?g?mL-1;AUC0～72 were(39.22?10.43)and(39.38?10.46)?g?h?mL-1,and AUC0～∞ were(40.58?10.49)and(41.00?10.88)?g?h ?mL-1 respectively.The relative bioavailability of the test preparation(dry suspension of MMF)was(100.9?10.6)%.CONCLUSION:The two formulations are bioequivalent in healthy volunteers.

Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) action on pregnancy rate of polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS).Methods The PCOS who were client in our hospital in February-August,2012 were investigated.The rhGH group (41 cases) were that all patients took rhGH at the same time ovulation.The control group (41 cases) were no medication group.The two groups had sex action after ovulation.Ovulation rate,pregnancy rate and endometrial score of the two groups were compared.Results Ovulation rate of rhGH group was 90.2％ (37/41),the control group was 68.2％ (28/41),the difference was statistically significant (x2 =3.459,P =0.036).Clinical pregnancy rate of RhGH group was 32.7％ (12/37),the control group was 25.0％ (7/28).The difference was statistics significance (x2 =4.319,P =0.032).Endometrial score of rhGH group was (14.96 ± 2.18),the control group was (12.77 ± 2.60) points,the difference between groups was statistically significant (t =-3.356,P =0.032).Conclusion Giving rhGH ovulation cycle specification can promote ovulation PCOS patients and improve the adverse factors affecting pregnancy,improving the pregnancy rate.

10 ng/mL). But berberine (10 ng/mL) showed no effect on the uptake of Nimodipine. Conclusion The experimental findings indicate that HLJDT pretreatment might alter the pharmacokinetic behavior of Nimodipine both in plasma and brain tissue. The change of pharmacokinetic behavior of Nimodipine in brain tissue might partly result from the effect of baicalin in HLJDT.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of MRA on the abnormal vessels in Moyamoya and cerebral revascularization , and to evaluate PWI in the observation of cerebral hemodynamics before and after cerebral revascularization.Methods Twenty-four patients with Moyamoya disease ascertained by DSA received cerebral revascularization on one side.MRA and PWI were performed for all patients before and after the operation , while DSA was performed after operation in nine patients to compare the images of MRA and DSA by three experienced radiologists.Perfusion parameters in terminal branches of middle cerebral artery ( MCA) on the operative side were compared with those on the contralateral sides and the cerebellum , including cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time (MTT), and delay time ( DT) , as well as relative ratio ( values on the operative side/values on the contralateral side , and values on the operative side/values on the cerebellar region ) of perfusion parameters (rCBF, rCBV, rMTT and rDT) were calculated.Comparisons of the data between different groups were performed using paired Student′s t test.Results MRA was similar to DSA in displaying the internal carotid artery , main branches stenosis, Moyamoya vessels, and cerebral revascularization.DSA was better in displaying collateral vessels than MRA, but primary images of MRA provided anatomic and pathologic information of cerebral parenchyma.After the operations , rCBF (1.30 ±0.27) and rCBV (1.26 ±0.21) of MCA perfusion regions on the operative and the contralateral sides were higher than rCBF (0.73 ±0.15) and rCBV (0.98 ±0.12) before the operation significantly (t=-7.19,-6.64,P<0.05).rMTT (1.06 ±0.20) and rDT (1.07 ± 0.18) after the operation were lower than rMTT(1.53 ±0.34)and rDT (1.40 ±0.26) before the operation (t=5.62,5.40,P<0.05) .In MCA perfusion regions on the operative and cerebellar sides , rCBF(1.93 ± 0.34)and rCBV(2.25 ±0.35)were higher than rCBF(0.88 ±0.18)and rCBV(1.16 ±0.22)(t=-3.04,-3.06,P<0.05) before the operation.rMTT (1.13 ±0.29) and rDT (1.29 ±0.12) were lower than rMTT (1.88 ±0.19 ) and rDT ( 3.29 ±0.47 ) before the operation ( t =4.01, 4.72, P <0.05 ).Conclusions MRA is a safe , reliable method to evaluate abnormal vessels and cerebral revascularization after the operation in moyamoya disease.PWI can detect poor cerebral perfusion , and can be used for assessment of the effect of cerebral revascularization.

AIM: To investigate the effects of IL-13 on expression of IL-1? in acute renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS: Fifty-seven male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 8 group: normal group,sham operation group, ischemia group, ischemia/reperfusion injury group(I/R), normal saline(NS)-treated group 1(C-1), NS-treated group 2(C-2),IL-13-treated group1(T-1)and IL-13-treated group 2(T-2).Rats were subjected to 45 min bilateral renal ischemia followed by reperfusion. rmIL-13 (1.5 ?g/50 g body weight )was injected into the renal arteries through the abdominal aorta before ischemia(T-1) or immediately afterischemia(T-2).The serum level of IL-1? and the renal expression of IL-1? were determined in each group at 24 h post-ischemia. In addition, BUN,Cr and renal histology were also measured. RESULTS: (1)The serum level of IL-1? [C-1to T-1: (27.13?5.51) ng/L to (14.05?3.82) ng/L, P

Objective To summarize the experience in management of main hepatic vein injury due to hepatectomy for hepatic neoplasm of segment Ⅷ. Methods Clinical data of 64 patients suffering from main hepatic vein injury due to hepatectomy of hepatic neoplasm of segment Ⅷ in our hospital from October 1996 to October 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Both the main trunks of the middle and right hepatic vein were injured in 34 patients, single right hepatic vein in 13 and middle hepatic vein in 17. In these patients with hepatic vein injury, the main trunk of the hepatic vein was repaired in 39, vessels ligated in 12 and direct liver wound surfaces sutured in 12. The hepatectomy and hemostasis were successfully performed during operation in all patients. After operation, 3 patients had active bleeding and 2 patients were reoperated on to sew up the bleeding points by wadding with the gelatin sponge and discharged after rehabilitation. One patient gave up treatment and was discharged automatically. Conclusion Main hepatic vein injury in hepatectomy of hepatic neoplasm of segment Ⅷ can be managed effectively by hepatic vein repair, hepatic vein ligation and suture of the liver section that can be chosen to control the bleeding of hepatic vein injury according to the actual conditions.