The FOXO gene, which is a member of the Forkhead box (Fox) gene family, is found in drosophila and is widespread in the eukaryotes of many organisms, including yeast and mammals. This gene transcripts the FOXO protein family, which has impor-tant roles in metabolism, cellular proliferation, stress resistance, and apoptosis. Activation of cell survival pathways, such as phos-phoinositide-3-kinase/AKT or RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphorylates FOXOs at different sites, thus regulating the nu-clear localization or degradation of FOXOs. A growing number of evidence indicates that FOXO acts as a tumor suppressor in a wide variety of tumors. Scientists have focused on the correlation between tumors and FOXO. In combination with other chemo-or radiother-apy treatments, drugs designed to increase or restore FOXO activity may constitute a potential strategy in cancer treatment. This review summarizes details on the regulation of FOXO and the latest research progress of FOXO as a molecule therapeutic target.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of acridine orange fluorescene(AO-F) in bladder cancers. Methods One thousand and sixteen bladder cancer patients were reviewed retro-spectively. The positive-rates of AO-F in different stages, grades, size, quantity, position of tumors, hematuria and treatment ways were evaluated. Results The total positive rate of AO-F was 78.05 % (793/1016). The positive-rate was 74.69% (611/818) in superficial stage and 91.92% (182/198) in invasive bladder cancer, 67.24% (351/522) in grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ , 90. 37% (413/457) in grade Ⅲ. The percentage of positive AO-F was 80.30% (750/934) in patients with hematuria, 52.44% (43/82) in patients without hematuria. The percentage was 79.87% (710/889) when the tumor size was more than 2 cm, 65.35% (83/127) when size less than 2 cm. 83.07% (363/437) sample was positive in multiple tumors, 74.27% (430/579) in single tumor. The percentage was 77.21% (105/136) in tumors involving trigone or neck of bladder, 78.07% (687/880) in tumors without involving these re-gions. There was 69.68% (393/564) in treatment with TURBt, 87.87% (268/305) in partial resec-tion, 91.74% (100/109) in total resection. A good association was observed between stage, grade, hematuria appearance, tumor size, quantity of carcinoma, treatment way and AO-F positive-rate, and a linear correlation was present between grade, stage and positive cytology. There was no significant association between position of the tumor and AO-F positive-rate. Conclusions The function of AO-F is significant in diagnosis of bladder cancer.

Objective To find out the relationship between the weight and whole body averaged SAR. and the relationship between the weight and the EM energy absorption in rat model exposed to 3 GHz microwave irradiation.Methods Based on 3D rat NMR images,a rat EM model consisting of 45 tissues was established, then by changing the size of model cell,16 models of which the sizes varied from 9 cm to 24 cm, and the weights from 16 g tO 334 g correspondingly were established too.Using FDTD method,the induced electric fields in these rat models were calculated,and then SAR and EM energy absorption have been obtained accordingly.Results The relationship between the weight and the whole body averaged SAR of rat model exposed to 3 GHz microwave irradiation can be divided into three sections,and each of them can be fitted into one line.In small rat section, SAR changed sharply;in middle rat section,SAR changed moderately;in large rat section,SAR changed litflely.The relationship between the weight and the EM energy absorption of rat model were fitted into one quadratic polynomial curve.The EM energy absorption was almost identical when the model is small,with the increasing of the weight,the EM energy absorption also increases,but the increasing ratio of the energy is less than that of the weight.Conclusions Larger rat absorbs more EM energy,but gets less SAR.Exposed to the same irradiation,the dose differences of larger rat is much less than that of smaller rat because of the changes in body weight,so the larger rat is to be recommended.

Objective To discuss the diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) in distinguishing the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) from community acquired pneumonia (CAP), and to evaluate the prognosis in these two groups. Methods A retrospective study was performed on 64 cases with SARS (28 men, 36 women, aged 18-93 yrs, mean age 42.3 yrs) and 46 inpatients with CAP (29 men,17 women, aged 28-88 yrs, mean age 70.1 yrs). Pathogens of respiratory tract were found in 23 patients of CAP. All of patients underwent MSCT scanning of the chest. Results The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for diagnosis of SARS using a combination of 3 factors, including ground-glass opacities of lung parenchyma in chest CT, age, and WBC counts were 93.8%, 60.9% and 80.0%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for excluding SARS using a combination of consolidation of lung lesions, fiber stripe components and thicken bronchus wall of lung CT in CAP patients were 91.3%, 82.8%, and 86.4%, respectively. The death in SARS and CAP was 7 (10.9%) and 4 (8.7%), respectively. The late follow-up results indicated that 48.8% (21/43 cases) of SARS cases left abnormal manifestations in the lung. The lung sequela of the patients over 50 yrs tended to be severe with the age. Conclusion In outbreak region of SARS, MSCT plays an important role in early diagnosis, but we need to closely combine the density features of lung lesions and other manifestations of lung with clinical condition of patients to increase the accuracy for the differential diagnosis of SARS from CAP. The prognosis of patients over 50 yrs with SARS is relatively poor.

BACKGROUND:Constant magnetic field of proper intensity can inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells,and it can be used to inhibit the restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of constant magnetic field of different intensities on the expression of osteopontin gene in rat aorta smooth muscle cells, so as to investigate whether magnetic field can be used to prevent and treat restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention.DESIGN: A randomly grouping and controlled observation.SETTING: Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of Department of Cardiology (Military Institute of Cardiovascular Disease), Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from February to December in 2006. Male pure SD rats of 200-250 g were used.METHODS : Rat aorta smooth muscle cells were cultured in vitro in DMEM medium containing fetal bovine serum (0.1 in volume serum), and then the cells were randomly divided into control group, constant magnetic field of 1, 5, 10 and 50 Gs groups, those in the control group were not treated with magnetic field, and those in the other groups were treated with magnetic field and cultured for another 48 hours. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were combined with absorbance (A) scanning analysis to observe the effect of constant magnetic field on the expressions of osteopontin and its mRNA in smooth muscle cells.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expressions of osteopontin and its mRNA in smooth muscle cells.RESULTS: The expressions of osteopontin and osteopontin genes in the constant magnetic field groups were significantly decreased as compared with that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05), there were also significant differences among the constant magnetic field groups of different intensities (P ＜ 0.05). It was indicated that the stimulation of constant magnetic field was in an intensity-dependent manner, and the expressions of osteopontin and osteopontin mRNA were enhanced as the intensity of magnetic field was increased.CONCLUSION: Constant magnetic field of proper intensity can inhibit the osteopontin expression in vascular smooth muscle cells on the gene level, and magnetic field may play a role in preventing and treating the restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention.

Objective To assess the clinical efficacy of a modified complete retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy via 3 port approach.Methods From August 2013 to February 2016,23 patients with complete retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal and ureteral sleeve resection were treated with modified three port approach,including 15 males and 8 females.The average age was 67 years old (ranging 44-83 years old).All patients had complained about the hematuria before operation and urine exfoliated cells showed moderate to severe nuclear atypia.All patients accepted the abdominal CT and urography CTU examination,pre-operatively.All of them was diagnosed localized upper urinary tract malignant tumors based on those images,including 13 cases in the pelvis,and 10 cases in the upper segment of the ureter.No chemotherapy,radiotherapy or immunotherapy was performed before surgery.No patients have the history of severe basic disease or upper urinary procedure.The operations were performed under general anesthesia,patients take the contralateral back 30 degrees slope,low elevation head foot,waist bridge,side waist stretch.In the anterior superior iliac spine perpendicular to the line 2 cm parallel to the lower intersection of the rib border were disposed into the 12 mm trocar.Above the anterior superior iliac spine two cross finger level with the intersection of the anterior axillary node,we placed into the 10 mm trocar placement lens.Laparoscopic placement of third casing form an isosceles triangle with the first two casing.The renal fascia was incised with an ultrasonic knife from the renal dorsal side,and the renal hilum was isolated from the kidney by suction aspirator.The renal artery and vein were separated and closed by hem-o-lok.Along the psoas muscle surface to ureter,ureteral clipping by hem-o-lok but not to cut off the free distal ureteral,the lens is composed of first casing into,using ultrasonic knife to free ureter to the bladder wall segment,with 30 mm endoscopic stapler ureter and bladder wall cut off part.Operation time,blood loss and postoperative recovery were recorded in 23 cases.Results All 23 cases were successfully operated without related the operative complication.The operative duration ranged from 3.5 to 6.1 h (mean 4.8 h),the blood loss was 30-880 ml (mean 304 ml),and the postoperative stay was 8-30 d (mean 17.8 d).There are 3 cases of positive lymph node by postoperative pathological reports.Within 2 to 30 months following up,2 patients died of tumor progression in 6 months after surgery.4 patients were diagnosed with bladder cancer in 15 months,15 months,21 months,24 months after surgery,respectively.And the transurethral resection of bladder tumor was performed.Conclusion The modified complete retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy via three ports is safe and reliable.

Objective To explore vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C),vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) in the bladder cancer tissue of the expression and the relationship with the tumor lymph node metastases of bladder cancer tissue,Methods The VEGF-C,VEGFR-3 expression was detected by Elivision TM plus two footwork.Results In 18 cases of bladder cancer organization,VEGF-C expression positive rate was 72％,VEGFR-3 express positive rate was 67％.VEGF-C in the bladder cancer of the transfer of the expression level compared to the lymph nodes of the transfer of the lymph node has not occurred to high.Conclusion In the bladder cancer organization and the surroundinglymph nodes,VEGF-C,VEGFR-3 expression level and lymph node metastasis is closely related.VEGF-C,VEGFR-3 expression intensity can be used as a lymph node metastasis in bladder cancer index.

Objective To observe the effect of a novel pressure controlled water jet used in transurethral resection of bladder tumor. Methods Clinical data of 12 patients who underwent a transurethral resection of bladder tumor by using a novel water jet was retrospectively analyzed. Results All 12 cases were successfully operated. Estimated blood loss during operation was less than 5 ml. Operation time was 20-45 minutes (median was 28 min), time of water injection was 8-15 minutes (median was 12 min). There were no significant complications. All patients were followed up for 4-10 months, and tumor recurrence or progression was not found by cystoscopic examination. Conclusion Transurethral resection of bladder tumor by using a novel pressure controlled water jet is advantageous with favorable safety and feasibility.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical advantage and disadvantage of anatomical landmark registration(ALR) and surface registration(SR) in computer-assisted endoscopic sinus surgery(CAESS).Method:Twenty-six patients were selected for the CAESS, the preparatory times and mean target registration errors (TRE) were recorded in order to compare the difference between them two, their convenience and their value were also analyzed.Result:CAESSs were successfully used in 26 cases without complications. The average preparation time of SR was(8.5±1.9)minutes, that of ALR was(6.5±1.7)minutes. In the SR group, the TRE of naso-labial angle was(1.43±0.26)mm, that of front end of middle turbinate was(1.92±0.47)mm, that of front end of inferior turbinate was (1.82±0.49)mm, and that of back end of inferior turbinate was (2.03±0.42)mm. Them in ALR group were (1.58±0.35)mm,(2.05±0.37)mm,(1.92±0.31)mm and (2.48±0.64)mm ,respectively.24 cases (92.2%) were not affected or were slightly affected by the navigation system. The value of navigation was affirmative in 22 cases (84.6%), and its value was mainly related to TRE.Conclusion:The accuracy of surface registration was superior to that of anatomical landmark registration, but the anatomical landmark registration was more convenient and need less preparation time. The value of navigation system is its accuracy, convenience and no disturbance to surgery. The navigation system is more valuable in the complex cases than that in the general case.

Objective To discuss the efficacy of urinary continence in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy with bladder neck extension and mucosal eversion reconstruction anastomosis.Methods From August 2016 to November 2018,31 patients with prostate cancer underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.The patients were 62-85 years old(mean 74.8 years),and the mean PSA score was 16.5 ng/ml(6.8-34.2 ng/ml).The pathological examination confirmed that the Gleason score was 6-9 and the prostate size was 44-83 ml.All patients underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with bladder neck extension and mucosal eversion reconstruction anastomosis.Surgical procedure:After resection of the prostate in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy,the bladder neck was sutured at 6 o'lock position to narrow the bladder neck (" tennis racquet" reconstruction).The interval was 1 cm,and 2-3 needles were sutured,the distance between the neck of the bladder and the ureter was extended.The bladder neck mucosa and urethral mucosa eversion were performed.The posterior wall of the bladder neck was sutured at interval of 1 cm on both sides of the midline.After the knot was tightened,the posterior wall of the bladder was folded and bladder neck was elevated.The posterior wall of the bladder and the posterior wall of the urethra were sutured to reduce the distance between the bladder and the urethra.Finally,the bladder and urethra were anastomosed.The postoperative urinary continence recovery and the clinical effect were recorded.Results The operation time of 31 patients ranged from 80 to 210,with an average of 139.7 minutes.Intraoperative bleeding was 50-330 ml,with an average of 144.2 ml.None of the patients switched to open surgery during the operation,and there was no injury to large vessels and rectum,and no anastomotic leakage.Postoperative pathology showed 21 cases of pT2 stage,10 cases of pT3 stage,2 cases of positive margin,including 1 case of basal part and 1 case of apex part,both of which received medical castration therapy postoperatively.The surgical margin was positive in 2 cases (6.45％).31 patients removed the urinary catheter in ten days after surgery.17 cases (54.8％) recovered instantly urinary continence;7 cases (22.6％) urinary continence in 1 month after operation;4 cases (12.9％) urinary continence in 3 months after operation;and 3 cases (9.7％) urinary control in 6 months after operation.One case had urinary retention after removing the urinary catheter,and cathetered for 2 more weeks.After pulling out again,the urinary continence was good.Conclusions Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with bladder neck extension and mucosal eversion reconstruction anastomosis may be helpful for early recovery of urinary continence.