Objective To design an electrostimulator for cerebellar fastigial nucleus stimulus, which is controlled with singlechip system and using EEG(Electroencephalogram)to modulate amplitude of the carrier wave. Methods The EEG with instrumentation amplifier of high CMRR (Common Mode Rejection Ratio) and some filters are collected. The electric insulation is achieved by using linear optocouplers on the parts of input and output. Results The stimulator can solve the problem of adaptability for wave to simulate the body, and is safe, non -invasive, and of obvious therapy for ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Conclusion The cerebellar fastigial nucleus stimulus can cure ischemic cerebrovascular disease obviously, and the modulation with EEG can solve the problem of adaptability for wave to simulate the body.

Objective To investigate the unification effect of rat nerve growth factor(NGF)and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)on repair of the peripheral nerve injury and the denervated muscle.Methods Ninety-six healthy SD rats weighing(250±15)g were randomly divided into NGF+ATP group,NGF group,ATP group and NS group.The sciatic nerves were cut for 3 mm,and were connected with silicone tube to create the nerve regeneration room.Then,all rats were intraperitoneally injected with NS0.4ml,ATP0.4ml(1 mg/ml),NGF 0.4 ml(0.2 μg/ml),NGF+ATP 0.4 ml(ATP1 mg/ml,NGF 0.2 μg/ml)separately once every three days.Six rats from each group were selected at 2,4,6 and 8 weeks after operation for sciatic nerve index(SFI)detection,gross observation and electrophysiological test;the specimens were obtained from the sacrificed rats for nerve regeneration,gastrocnemius muscle wet weight,fiber diameter and cross-sectional area of the gastrocnemius muscle(by HE staining).ResultsAt 2,4,6 and 8 weeks after operation,every six rats were chosen to be tested.The SFI,nerve conduction velocity and wet weight of the muscle of NGF+ATP group were better than those of the other three groups(P ＜ 0.05).The swelling of the rat toes of NGF+ATP group was slighter than that of NGF group and ATP group,with no loss of toes found in NGF+ATP group.At the 2nd week after operation,new nerve fibers were observed in the regeneration room,with no connection of the nerve fibers.The nerve fibers crossed the regeneration room at 4,6 and 8 weeks after operation.Compared with other three groups,the nerve growth condition was better in NGF+ATP group,with slighter adhesion and inflammation of nerve fibers.The growth condition of the nerve fibers of NGF group was better than ATP group,and that of NGF group and ATP group was better than NS group.At 2,4,6 and 8 weeks after operation,the electrophysiological condition and wet weight of muscle in NGF group was better than those in ATP group.While the SFI,the cross area and diameter of the muscle in NGF group were better than ATP group at 4,6 sand 8 weeks(P ＜ 0.05).All the parameters in NGF group and ATP group were better than NS group at each time point(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions(1)The unification effect of NGF and ATP exert apparent effect in repair of the injured nerve and on the denervated muscle.Combined application of NGF and ATP is superior than NGF or ATP used alone.(2)A certain effect of ATP in repair of the injured nerve and on the denervated muscle is detected,but it is inferior to NGF and NGF+ATP.

Objective To evaluate a kind of operative management in the treatment of chronic non bacterial prostatitis. Methods From 1992 to 1999,cross incision of the prostatic capsule and bladder neck plasty were performed for 102 cases of chronic non bacterial prostatitis. Results The effective rate is 85.3% (87/102).It was 92.6% for the prostatitis of obstructive type (63/68) and 70.6% for patients complained of pain (24/34).43 cases have been followed up for an average of 4.5 years of which the outcome has been satisfactory in 36 and noneffective in 7. Conclusions The operative management for chronic non bacterial prostatitis is effective,safe,with less damage and less complication.

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Methods 369 cases of renal cell carcinoma were reviewed for their incidence,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis. Results 281 cases(76.2%) were clear cell carcinoma ,39 cases (10.6%) of granular cell carcinoma,42 cases(11.4%) being a combination of the above two varieties and 7 cases being of other cell types. Radical nephrectomy was performed for 301 cases (81.6%) and other procedures for 45 cases. 297 cases have been followed up:three-year,five-year and ten-year survival rates were 74.6%、56.2% and 28.2% respectively. Conclusions B type ultrasonography and computerized tomography (CT) are important means in the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma.The most effective treatment is radical nephrectomy at early stage,wherea sbiological treatment works in certain degree.

Objective To assess the urinary continence at a follow-up of 1 year after radical retro-pubic prostatectomy. Methods By using subjective (questionnaire) and objective (pad-test) methods, 165 consecutive prostate cancer patients were followed up at least 1 year. With the purpose to improve post-operative continence, surgical techniques such as preservation of external striated sphincter, preservation of bladder neck and pre-prostate sphincter (PPS), and nerve-sparing technique have been carried out.Analyses were also made in comparison by age. Results A post-operative incontinence rate of 0.7% was found in the sphincter preserving group and 5.3% in the sphincter repairing group. Patients aged 50～60 revealed a continence rate of 60% when the urethral catheter was removed, whereas 82% in the 60～70 group.After 3 months of follow-up, the continence rate of both age groups tended to be similar. Conclusions Surgical improvement and patients' age are important factors in post-operative continence after radical retro-pubic prostatectomy. The preservation of external urethral sphincter helps improve continence rate. Younger patients tend to regain to continence in a shorter period while the elders longer.

Objective To evaluate the function of clinical-diffusion mismatch (CDM) in intraarterial thrombolysis treatment for acute middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and to evaluate specialty of CDM in predicting the putative penumbra.Methods All 106 acute MCAO patients within 6 hours after onset and examined by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) were assigned into two groups:the intraartery thrombolysis group (n =36) and without thrombolysis group ( n =70).Both groups were subdivided into CDM sub-group and non-CDM sub-group based on the criteria of CDM:National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≥8 and ischemic volume on DWI ≤25 ml upon admission.NIHSS scores at the day 30 and 3 month after onset,and infarct volumes on T2 weighted imaging (T2 WI)at day 14 after onset were analyzed and compared between each sub-groups.Results The NIHSS scores in the CDM sub-group at both day 30 and the 3 month were significantly lower than the scores in the non-CDM sub-group among the patients having thrombolysis(3.20 ± 2.40 vs 6.76 ± 4.00,t =- 3.330,P =0.002 ; 2.20 ± 1.70 vs 6.05 ± 4.06,t =3.895,P =0.001 ),but not among the non-thrombolysis patients (5.22 ± 2.95 vs 5.66 ± 3.21,t =- 1.756,P =0.084 ;4.34 ± 2.53 vs 5.34 ± 3.42,t =1.234,P =0.353 ).Among the patients having CDM,the thrombolysis group resulted significant lower NIHSS scores at both day 30 and 3 month follow-up than non-thrombolysis group did (3.20 ±2.40 vs 5.22 ±2.95,t =- 2.210,P =0.034;2.20 ± 1.70 vs 4.34 ± 2.53,t =-3.128,P =0.003 ).However,among the patients of non-CDM,there was no difference in the NIHSS score between the thrombolysis group and the non-thrombolysis group at day 30 and 3 month (6.76±4.00 vs 5.66±3.21,t=1.209,P=0.231;6.05 ± 4.06 vs 5.34 ± 3.42,t =1.234,P=0.460).Among the CDM patients,the T2 WI infarct volume in the thrombolysis group was significantly smaller than that in the non-thrombolysis at day 14 onset ( ( 6.29 ± 4.41 ) ml vs ( 60.25 ± 49.23 ) ml,Z =- 4.848,P =0.001 ).Conclusion CDM may predict the putative penumbra with high specificity and can be applied in the therapy of intra-artery thrombolytic for acute MCAO patients.

Granular corneal dystrophy is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease in clinic.Due to the TGFBI mutation on the 5q31 chromosome,the TGFBIp abnormally aggregates in the Bowman layer and the matrix layer and metabolic disorders,patients' bilateral cornea arise opacity,making visual acuity Progressive impairment.At present,there are at least 66 TGFBI mutations,at least 10 of which are related to granular corneal dystrophy,due to variation in genotype and the difference between homozygous and heterozygous,the patients' phenotype shows a significant difference.Along with the improvement of people's cognition,and the application of laser scanning confocal microscope and the gene diagnosis,More and more patients get the correct diagnosis,Current treatment methods mainly include corneal transplantation and laser ablation,patients are not satisfied because of the postoperative recurrence and aggravated.Due to the establishment of granular corneal dystrophy animal model,lithium and gene therapy will show a good application prospects.

Objective To investigate the radiation dose to the lens of patients in temporal bone CT scanning with different protocols. Methods With the same values of kV and effective mAs, the tranaxial and coronal scans of exsomatize cadaveric head was performed with conventional sequential scan mode,routine multi-slice helical scan and modified multi-slice helical scan, respectively. The values of CT volume dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) at various scanning mode were anylyzed, and effective doses of subject were calculated. Organ doses of the lens were measured with thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD). Results When sequential scan mode was selected, gross effective dose was 1.21 mSv,while organ doses to lens were 50.96 and 1.73 mGy separately in axial and coronal slice scan,respectively. Effective dose was 0. 803mSv at helical scanning, while dose to lens was 40. 17 mGy. With modified helical scan mode, the effective dose was similar to routine helical scan, but dose to lens was 10.33 mGy which was significant lower than that of routine helical scan (40.17 mGy). Conclusions With the same values of kV and effective mAs, the effective doses and lens dose obtained in sequential axial and coronal scan were 1.51 times and 1.31 times higher than helical scan, respectively. With modified helical scan mode thinner slice images could be used to reformat axial, coronal and sagittal plane images, and lens dose was reduced by 74.3%. The modified helical CT scan mode of temporal bone could be selected in the clinical application.

Objective To explore the effect of different doses remifentanil on hyperalgesia and the analgesic effect of gynecological laparoscopic operation.Methods Ninety gynecologic laparoscopic operation patients were divided into A group,B group and C group by random digits table method with 30 cases each.The anesthesia induction in A group and B group was intravenous injection remifentanil 1.5 μ g/kg,propofol 2 mg/kg,cisatracurium 0.2 mg/kg,and in C group was intravenous injection fentanyl 3 μ g/kg,propofol 2 mg/kg,cisatracurium 0.2 mg/kg.The maintenance of anesthesia in A group was infusion of remifentanil 0.3 μ g/ (kg· min),in B group was infusion of remifentanil 0.2 μ g/ (kg· min),and in C group was infusion of fentanyl 2 μ g/kg.The operation time,anesthesia time,time to extubation,intraoperative doses of propofol and remifentanil (A group and B group) were recorded.The visual analogue score (VAS) before operation and 15,30,60,120,240 min after extubation were recorded.The analgesia time,number of analgesia and adverse reaction after extubation were observed.Results There were no statistical differences in operation time and anesthesia time among 3 groups (P ＞ 0.05).The extubation time in A group and B group was significantly shorter than that in C group:(5.9 ± 2.7) and (6.1 ± 2.3) min vs.(9.6 ± 3.3) min,the dose of propofol in A group was significantly lower than that in B group and C group:(461.3 ± 69.7) mg vs.(543.4 ± 101.9) and (552.5 ± 93.8) ng,the dose of remifentanil in A group was significantly higher than that in B group:(1.12 ± 0.33) mg vs.(0.71 ± 0.1 l) mg,there were statistical differences (P＜ 0.05).The VAS 15,30,60,120,240 min after extubation in 3 groups were significantly higher than those before operation,A group:(7.3 ± 1.2),(7.4 ± 1.3),(6.5 ± 0.8),(4.5 ± 0.6),(4.1 ± 0.3) scores vs.(1.2 ± 0.3) scores,B group:(6.4 ± 1.5),(6.6 ± 1.1),(5.3 ± 0.4),(4.6 ± 0.3),(4.0 ± 0.4) scores vs.(1.5 ± 0.4) scores,C group:(3.4 ± 0.5),(4.2 ± 0.8),(4.1 ± 0.6),(3.8 ± 0.7),(3.8 ± 0.6) scores vs.(1.4 ± 0.2) scores,there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).The VAS 15,30,60 min after extubation in A group were significantly higher than those in B group,and the VAS 15,30,60,120 min after extubation in A group and B group were significantly higher than those in C group,there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistical difference in VAS 240 min after extubation among 3 groups (P ＞ 0.05).The number of analgesia in A group,B group and C group were 28,29 and 3 cases,and the analgesia time were (16.1 ± 4.6),(17.9 ± 5.8) and (68.5 ± 10.l) min,there were statistical differences (P＜ 0.05),there were no statistical differences between A group and B group (P＞ 0.05),and there were statistical difference between A group,B group and C group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistical difference in adverse reaction among 3 groups (P ＞ 0.05),and there was no respiratory depression in 3 groups.Conclusion The degree of hyperalgesia is related to the dose of remifentanil during gynecologic laparoscopic operation.

Objective To assess the prediction value of nonbronchial systemic arterial supply in hemoptysis patients with non-enhanced CT. Methods Fifty-six consecutive patients with hemoptysis underwent non-enhanced CT. Thickness of pleural adjacent to parenchymal lesion larger than 3 mm was regarded as index of nonbronchial systemic arterial supply. Conventional angiography was used as the standard of reference. CT findings were compared with those of conventional angiography. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CT for predicting nonbronchial systemic arterial supply were assessed. Results The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CT for predicting nonbronchial systemic arterial supply were 72.73%, 95.00% and 91.11%, respectively. Sensitivity was higher when nonbronchial systemic arterial supply located in superolateral and posterolateral lung, and lower in anteromedial and inferior lung. Specificity and accuracy were high for predicting nonbronchial systemic arterial supply in every locations. Conclusion Non-enhanced CT can predict nonbronchial systemic arterial supply in patients with hemoptysis, which is helpful for selecting angiography and embolization.