An assistive technology service system with basic coverage and service capacity has been set up in China. To meet the growing needs for assistive technology service, the service system should be more efficient. In order to construct a more complete and efficient assistive technology service system in China, it is necessary to perfect the assistive technology service network and strengthen the whole plan and organization coordination, improve the professional level, enhance service capabilities, and finally creat sound regulatory policy of assistive technology service.

Objective To investigate the causes of hearing loss for people over 60 years old. Methods People more than 60 years old in 14 provinces, 22 districts were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire, and a hearing test was also done for every subject. Results Among all the subjects, the etiological factors of hearing loss were otitis media (10.5%), hereditary deafness (2.9%), noise-induced hearing loss (3%), ototoxic deafness (6.4%), traumatic deafness (2%), presbycusis (33.8%), sudden deafness (1%) and other reasons (36.2%), respec-tively, with 11.3%unknown. Conclusion Presbycusis is the main reason of hearing loss for old people, and otitis media is the second. The cause of hearing loss is different with ages, districts, and whether in rural areas.

This paper reports 23 cases of the large vestibular aqueduct syndrome.All cases are sensori-neural hearing loss,23.91% is moderately severe hearing loss,54.35% is severe hearing loss,and 21.74% is profound hearing loss.The contour of audiogram in high frequency dctcrioration is 74%,che flat contour of audiogram is 13%,the islanded contour audiogram is 13%.Some cases are progressive hearing loss,and the others are sudden hearing loss,two cases among whole cases were found vestibular dysfunction after examination.After high resolution CT scan in inner ear,27 ears were found pathological changes only in vestibular aqueduct enlargement,in addition to these changes,12 ears were found malformation of vestibule and semicircular canals,and 7 ears were showed cochlea malformation.It is said that the disease is caused by abnormal development on endolymphatic duct in early embryonic stage,and the principal inducement is infectious factor.There is not an effective treatment,but the better results can be reached in deaf children with residual hearing,after they wearing hearing aids and getting the auditory-verbal training in the early period of time.If the hearing aid can not reach effective hearing compensation for these patients,cochlea implantation is considered and suggested.

Objective To assess regional myocardial function by left ventricular radial myocardial motion velocity gradient(MVG) measured by omni-directional M-mode echocardiography(OME). Methods There were 32 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM), 20 patients with hypertension of left ventricular hypertrophy(HLVH),and 36 healthy volunteers in the study, LEJ-2 mode OME was used to measure and calculate MVG of 16 segment on left ventricular short axes. Results In the control group,MVG on left ventricular short axes were found to be decreased progressively from base plane to apical plane. Compared with the control group,the left ventricular MVG were reduced in HCM group and HLVH group( P <0. 05). Conclusions The left ventricular MVG can correspond directly to regional thickened myocardial motion,and can be used to evaluate left ventricular myocardial function in patients with thickened myocardium.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of detecting early change of left ventricular regional myocardial function in the rabbit with type Ⅰ diabetes using omni-directional M-mode echocardiography (OME).MethodsEighty New Zealand rabbits were selected in this study..40 health rabbits were included in the control group,the other 40 with type Ⅰ diabetes were included in the experiment group.The OME was used to measure the peak time of myocardial motion during systole (Ts) and diastole (Td),myocardial velocity gradient during systole (MVGs) and diastole (MVGd) on the left ventricular short axis.These parameters were measured during the first,second,fourth,sixth and eighth week.ResultsOME was able to detect significant changes of Td during the second week,Ts and MVGd during the fourth week,and MVGs during sixth week after modeling ( P ＜0.05 ).ConclusionsOME is an important method to detect early changes of regional myocardial function in the patients with diabetes.

Objective To separate the CD133 + subpopulation in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and investigate the tumorigenicity.Methods The human liver cancer tissues were subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice to generate xenograft tumors which were then isolated to prepare single cell suspension.The expression of CD133 + subpopulation was further detected using flow cytometry.The CD133 + subpopulations were separated and depurated with magnetic-activated cell sorting system.Immunofluorescence was performed to identify the histological phenotype of CD133 + subpopulation.The in vitro and in vivo clone formation assay and in vivo xenograft formation assay were performed, respectively.Results Flow cytometry analysis revealed that a percentage of (4.1 ± 0.6) ％ CD133 + cells were detected in xenografts.Immunofluorescence studies showed that (86.8 ± 7.5) ％ of the isolated cells were CD133 +.Compared with CD133-population, CD133 + cells showed a higher capability to generate clone sphere in vitro and a higher tumorigenicity in nude mice (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The CD133 + subpopulation in human hepatocellular carcinoma had a potent tumorigenicity and was enriched in cancer stem cells.

Granular corneal dystrophy is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease in clinic.Due to the TGFBI mutation on the 5q31 chromosome,the TGFBIp abnormally aggregates in the Bowman layer and the matrix layer and metabolic disorders,patients' bilateral cornea arise opacity,making visual acuity Progressive impairment.At present,there are at least 66 TGFBI mutations,at least 10 of which are related to granular corneal dystrophy,due to variation in genotype and the difference between homozygous and heterozygous,the patients' phenotype shows a significant difference.Along with the improvement of people's cognition,and the application of laser scanning confocal microscope and the gene diagnosis,More and more patients get the correct diagnosis,Current treatment methods mainly include corneal transplantation and laser ablation,patients are not satisfied because of the postoperative recurrence and aggravated.Due to the establishment of granular corneal dystrophy animal model,lithium and gene therapy will show a good application prospects.

Objective To investigate the use of assistive devices for children with physical disability. Methods Caregivers of children　with physical disability accepted wheelchairs, walkers, standing frames, orthoses freely from 2009 to 2011 were cluster sampled from various　regions, and investigated with the quality, use, service and others. Results and Conclusion Disabled children and their caregivers expressed　satisfaction with these assistive devices. However, the satisfaction of orthosis was the poorest among the assistive devices.

Objective:To investigate the correlations between CO-029 expression and cholangiocarcinoma invasion and metastasis, and the further explore the potential mechanism involved.Methods:The constructed lentiviral vector of vshRNA-CO-029 (LV/GFP/CO-029) was used to transfect and screen the stable transfected cholangiocarcinoma cell line HCCC-9810-vshRNA-CO-029 as the silence group, HCCC-9810 cells transfected with the mock plasmid were used as the mock group, and the untransfected cells were used as the control group. Cell scratch assay, Transwell assay and in vivo implantation assay were used to detect the migration, invasion and metastasis of the three groups of cells. Immunoprecipitation and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α stimulation assay were used to detect the effect of CO-029 on the expression of EMT-related genes.Results:The scratch healing rate of the silence group was (27.11±4.58)%, which was lower than that in mock group (92.84±6.24)%, the number of cells passing through Matrigel in silence group was (57.15±6.10), which was significantly lower than that in mock group (108.20±9.21) and control group (112.00±10.45), the differences were statistically significant ( all P<0.01). The volume of liver tumors in the silence group of orthotopic xenograft mouse model was (2.17±0.54) cm 3, while the volume of liver tumors in the transplanted simulation group was (0.74±0.15) cm 3, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The incidence of lung metastasis and the number of lung metastases in the simulated group was 100%(6/6) and (214.17±35.64), respectively, while that in the silence group was 16.7% (1/6) and (41.56±14.15), respectively, the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Co-immunoprecipitation showed that CO-029 can form a complex with TNF-αR1. TNF-α induced the down-regulation of E-cadherin and up-regulation of vimentin and N-cadherin in the mock group, but no significant changes were observed in the silence group. Conclusion:CO-029 expression is positively correlated with tumor invasion and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma, and could couple with TNF-α to induce EMT, which is a novel well-established potential prognostic and therapeutic target for cholangiocarcinoma metastasis and prognosis intervention.

Objective To investigate the consistency of omnidirectional M-mode echocardiography and two-dimensional strain in assessment of left ventricular (LV) radial systolic asynchrony. Methods Thirty patients with heart failure (HF) and 28 healthy volunteers underwent omnidirectional M-mode echocardiography and two-dimensional strain at the same time. The time to peak radial systolic movement (T_m) of LV in 12 segments were measured with omnidirectional M-mode echocardiography and its standard deviation (T_m-12-sd), and the maximum difference (T_m-12-dif) were calculated. The time to peak radial systolic strain (T_(SR)) of LV in 12 segments were measured with two-dimensional strain and its standard deviation (T_(SR)-12-sd), and the maximum difference (T_(SR)-12-dif) were calculated. The T_m-12-sd, T_m-12-dif, T_(SR)-12-sd and T_(SR)-12-dif were used as systolic asynchrony indicators. The value (-x)±2s in the control group was defined as the normal upper limit which represents 97.7% of the control group distribution. Any values above this limit in HF patients were classified as LV asynchrony. The results of two methods were analyzed with Kappa test. Results Compared with the controls, T_m-12-sd, T_m-12-dif, T_(SR)-12-sd and T_(SR)-12-dif were significantly higher in the HF group (P<0.001); there was consistency between T_m-12-sd and T_(SR)-12-sd, T_m-12-dif and T_(SR)-12-dif in detecting LV systolic asynchrony in HF group (Kappa=0.661, 0.733). Conclusion T_m-12-sd and T_m-12-dif of omnidirectional M-mode echocardiography have consistency with T_(SR)-12-sd and T_(SR)-12-dif of two-dimensional strain. These two technologies both have ability to evaluate LV radial systolic synchronicity.