Objective: To investigate the difference of clinical characteristics of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) in patients with losses after spontaneous gestation and after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer ( IVFET) ． Methods : 237 patients diagnosed with RSA were divided into spontaneous gestation group ( n = 185) and IVF group (n = 52) according to their previous modes of fertilization．The clinical characteristics of the two groups were analyzed. Results: Compared with the spontaneous gestation group，the age of the first pregnancy and the age at the time of RSA in the IVF group were statistically greater than those in the natural pregnancy group ( P < 0. 05 ) ．The number of biochemical pregnancies in IVF group was statistically higher than that in spontaneous gestation group，and the number of spontaneous abortions in IVF group was statistically lower than that in spontaneous gestation group (P＜0. 001) ．The proportion of patients with irregular menstruation in IVF group was statistically higher than that in spontaneous gestation group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) ． The serum activated partial prothrombin time (APTT) ，R , K，high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ，thyrotropin (TSH) and homocysteine ( HCY) in IVF group were statistically lower than those in spontaneous gestation group，and the Angel，Ma，low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and body mass index (BMI) in IVF group were statistically higher than those in spontaneous gestation group (P＜0. 05) ．In the comparison of etiological composition between the two groups，the proportion of anatomical factors in IVF group was statistically higher than that in spontaneous gestation group (P < 0. 05) ． Conclusion The abortion risk factors in RSA patients after IVF-ET is more serious than that in RSA patients after natural pregnancy．It is suggested to further improve and implement the pre-pregnancy examination and education of infertile patients during IVF-ET treatment，so as to reduce the risk of RSA and obtain a better pregnancy outcome.

Objective : To analyze the metabolism of blood glucose，blood lipid and insulin in patients with recur- rent pregnancy loss (RPL) ，and to compare the predictive efficacy of triglyceride glycemic index (TyG) ，triglycer- ide glycemic body mass index (TyG-BMI) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance( HOMA-IR) for RPL． Methods : A total of 573 patients with RPL were selected as the RPL group，and 652 women who received as- sisted reproductive technology for male infertility were selected as the control group．The general data of the two groups were retrospectively analyzed．The levels of body mass index(BMI) ，fasting blood glucose (FPG) ，fasting triglyceride (FTG) ，fasting insulin ( FINS) ，TyG index，TyG-BMI index and HOMA-IR were compared between the two groups．Spearman correlation analysis was used to verify the correlation between TyG index，TyG-BMI in- dex and HOMA-IR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of TyG index，TyG-BMI index and HOMA-IR for RPL occurrence，and the optimal predictive cut-off point was calculated. Results : The BMI，FPG，FTG，TyG index，TyG-BMI index and HOMA-IR in the RPL group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0. 05) ．TyG index and TyG-BMI index were positively correlated with HOMA-IR , and the correlation coefficients were 0. 442 and 0. 505，respectively (P＜0. 001) . ROC curve a- nalysis showed that the area under the curve of TyG-BMI index predicting RPL was 0. 579 (95% CI : 0. 551 - 0. 607，P＜0. 001) ，which was greater than that of TyG index of 0. 557 (95% CI : 0. 529－0. 585，P＜0. 001) and HOMA-IR of 0. 535 (95% CI : 0. 507 －0. 563，P ＜0. 05) ，among which the difference between TyG-BMI index and HOMA-IR index area under the curve was statistically significant (P ＜0. 05 ) ．The optimal cut-off points of TyG-BMI index ，TyG index and HOMA-IR for predicting RPL were 172. 3 ( sensitivity 75. 7% ，specificity 37. 06% ) ，8. 32 ( sensitivity 59. 44% ， specificity 51. 61% ) and 3. 58 ( sensitivity 25. 87% ， specificity 81. 62% ) ，respectively． Conclusion The incidence of overweight，abnormal blood glucose，lipid and insulin me- tabolism in RPL patients is higher than that in normal women．TyG index and TyG-BMI index can be used as indi- cators of insulin metabolic status in RPL population besides HOMA-IR , and TyG-BMI index has a higher efficacy in predicting the occurrence of RPL compared to HOMA-IR.

Objective : To investigate the factors influencing the pregnancy outcomes during frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) . Methods : A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients ’data from 882 FET cycles . According to the pregnancy outcome , the patients were divided into non-implantation group (Group A) , abortion group ( Group B1) and live birth group ( Group B2) . Clinical data and laboratory parameters were compared among the three groups , and ordered Logistic regression analysis was used to study the factors influencing pregnancy outcomes after FET. Patients were also divided into four groups (C1-C4) based on the number of high-quality embryos obtained (0 - 3 , 4 - 6 , 7 - 10 , ≥11) , and their clinical data and laboratory parameters were compared . Results : The clinical pregnancy rate , live birth rate , and miscarriage rate in the 882 treatment cycles were 71 . 09% (627/882) , 61 . 68% (544/882) , and 13 . 24% (83/627) ,respectively. Single-factor analysis showed significant differences in body mass index (BMI) , infertility type , human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) day estradiol ( E2 ) level , number of retrieved oocytes , and number of high-quality embryos among Groups A , B1 , and B2 (P < 0. 05) . Further multiple Logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI(OR = 1 . 046 , 95% CI:1 . 001 - 1 . 093 , P = 0. 044) and a history of previous pregnancy(OR = 1 . 417 , 95% CI:1 . 030 - 1 . 950 , P = 0. 032) were independent risk factors for successful FET in PCOS patients , while an increased number of high-quality embryos was an independent protective factor for successful pregnancy. Based on the results of Group B2 , compared to Group A , OR = 0. 920 , 95% CI:0. 880 - 0. 962 , P = 0. 000;compared to Group B1 , OR = 0. 923 , 95% CI:0. 862 - 0. 988 , P = 0. 022 . Compared with the other three groups( C1-C3) , the total amount of gonadotropin (Gn) in the C4 group was the lowest and the number of oocytes obtained was the highest (P < 0. 05) . Multiple comparisons showed that Group C4 had lower BMI , follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) , very low-density lipoprotein ( vLDL) levels , a higher luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone ( LH/FSH) ratio compared to Group C1 (P < 0. 05) . Group C4 had lower fasting insulin (FINS) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR) levels compared to Group C3 , and higher high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) levels compared to Groups C2 and C3 (P < 0. 05) . Conclusion BMI , the history of previous pregnancy and the number of high-quality embryos were both independent factors for predicting pregnancy outcomes in PCOS patients undergoing FET cycles . Patients with a higher number of high-quality embryos have a higher clinical pregnancy rate during FET cycles .