Urine glycosaminoglycans of two patients (full brother and sister )with Sanfilippo's syndrome were analysed by electrophoresis, enzymatic or chemical treatment and ion-exchange chromatography. Heparin sulfate is the main glycosaminoglycan accouting for 70% and 58% of urine glycosaminoglycans in both patients, whereas only 29% and 42% of urine glycosaminoglycans are cnondroitin sulfate. Tbe C/O ratio urine heparin sulfate of the patients is 2.32, indicating that the hexuronic acid component parts of the patient's heparin sulfate are much the same as general heparin sulfate. However, the analysis of glycosaminoglycans with DEAE-Sephadex A-25 chromatography and electrophoresis in 0.1 M HCL showed that urine heparin sulfate of the patients arc heterogeneous, and that it covers, at least, two molecular types with different amount of sulfate and charge density.

BACKGROUND:When acute cerebral ischemia attacks, matrix metaloproteinases (MMPs) lead to the occurrence of cerebral edema through degrading the extracelular matrix, breaking the close connection between endothelial cels, increasing the permeability of capilaries, and destroying the blood brain barrier.
OBJECTIVE: From the aspects of MMPs and extracelular matrix, to discuss the therapeutic effects ofbuyang huanwu decoction combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel (BMSCs) transplantation on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
METHODS:A total of 96 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into model group, tissue inhibitor of MMPs-1 (TIMP-1) group, TIMP-1+BMSCs group (BMSCs group) andbuyang huanwu decoction+BMSCs+TIMP-1 group (combined group that was divided into four subgroups, 12-, 24-, 36-, 48-hour groups). Rat models of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion were constructed, and TIMP-1 and BMSCs were injected to the brain of rats by a microinjector in a stereotaxic apparatus. Rats in the combined group were given buyang huanwu decoction (10 mL/kg), and rats in the other groups were given the same volume of normal saline at 7 days before surgery. After 10 days of administration, serum samples and brain tissues were colected to determine MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels using ELISA and to detect MMP-9 activity using gelatinases spectrometry method.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the model group, the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the serum and MMP-9 activity in the brain were decreased in the other groups to different extents, especialy the levels of MMP-9 (P < 0.05). Compared with the BMSCs group, the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in serum as wel as activities of MMP-9 and pro-MMP-9 in the brain were decreased significantly in the combined group at 36 and 48 hours after treatment (P< 0.01). The results show that thebuyang huanwu decoction can be mutualy cooperated with TIMP-1 to inhibit the degradation of extracelular matrix induced by MMP-2 and MMP- 9, repair the damaged blood brain barrier, prevent and cure cerebral edema after ischemia.

Objective To explore the effect of propofol on tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-?),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-8(IL-8)in rats following renal ischemia/reperfusion and the protection of propofol on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods Seventy-two adult SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:sham operation group,ischemia/reperfusion group(I/R group)and propofol group(n=24 in each group).All the indexes of the last two groups were detected on 1,4 and 24 h after reperfusion.Five minutes before ischemia in propofol group,propofol was infused by vein and isometric physiologic saline to the other two groups.The concentration of IL-6,IL-8,TNF-? in serum and renal tissue,BUN and SCr in serum were measured.Hematoxylin and eosin staining for the renal tissue was processed.Results The concentration of IL-6,IL-8,TNF-? in serum and TNF-? in renal tissue in propofol group within 1 h after reperfusion was significantly lower than I/R group(P

Objective To synthesize a multiple antigenic peptide(MAP),observe its humoral immune response and evaluate its antifertility potential.Methods Based on fusogenic epitope mimic peptide and synthetic nonnatural Pan DR T Helper Epitope(PADRE),MAP antigenic peptides were designed and synthesized.After suspending with the equivalent Freund's adjuvant,the antigens were used to immunize the female C57BL/6 mice to evalutate their humoral immune response in animals and efficiency of specific antisera on inhibiting syncytial trophoblast fusion.Results The MAP peptide was successfully synthesized.After purified with HPLC,its purity reached 95%.After immunization,the highest level of specific IgG in mice serum was 1:1 024,and the corresponding antigen of human trophoblastic cell could be identified in the antisera.In presence of mice antiserum by 1:10 dilution,forskolin-induced intercellular fusion of BeWo choriocarcinoma cells decreased remarkably(P

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is the most promising tissue engineering seed cells because of their strong proliferation and passage ability, multi-directional differentiation potential, as well as no ethical problems and no rejection.OBJECTIVE: To review the recent advances in the directional differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by various conditions METHODS: The first author retrieved CNKI, PubMed, Wanfang databases for relevant articles published from January 2001 to September 2016. The keywords were bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, BMSCs, directional differentiation in Chinese and English, respectively. Literature addressing experimental research and review were selected, and finally 48 articles were included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can be induced in vitro to differentiate into chondrocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes, and nerve cells by cytokines, chemical drugs, Chinese herbs and extracts, physical stimulation. To establish feasible induction conditions in vitro and improve cell induction efficiency is the basis for the clinical application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Objective To examine the effect of family environment and family function on suicide behavior in schizophrenic patients.Methods 53 schizophrenic patients with suicidal behavior in the last month were selected for the schizophrenic suicide group.53 schizophrenic patients and 53 normal controls matched with the schizophrenic suicide group were selected for the schizophrenic no suicide group and normal control group.All of them completed family environment scale and family assessment device.Results The cohesion factor,the expressiveness factor,the active-recreational orientation factor and the control factor of family environment scale in the schizophrenic suicide group were significant lower than those in the schizophrenic without suicide group(separately 5.70 ± 1.29 vs 6.62± 1.23,4.77 ± 1.49 vs 5.96 ± 1.11,3.94 ± 1.63 vs 5.68 ± 1.98,2.68 ± 1.68 vs 4.40 ± 1.81,P＜ 0.05),but the conflict factor in the schizophrenic suicide group was higher than in the schizophrenic without suicide group(3.55 ± 1.60 vs 2.81 ± 1.52,P ＜ 0.05).The affective responsiveness factor,the affective involvement factor and the behavior control factor of family assessment device in the schizophrenic suicide group were significant lower than those in the schizophrenic without suicide group(separately 16.05 ± 2.57 vs 14.53 ± 3.38,19.13 ± 4.09 vs 16.58 ± 2.82,23.35 ± 3.52 vs 21.60 ± 3.25,P ＜ 0.05).Multiple liner regression analyses showed that the expressiveness factor,the active-recreational orientation factor,the control factor,the affective involvement factor and the behavior control factor were important factors for schizophrenic suicide(F=21.583,P=0.000,adjusted R 2 =0.519).Conclusion Attempted suicide patients with schizophrenia have some deficiencies at family function and family environment.

Objective To design a new animal model for end-to-side anastomosis of peripheral nerves and analyze the efficiency. Methods The experiment involved 28 Wistar rats,of which the left legs were set as experimental group and the right ones as control group based on mode of nerve anastomosis.In experimental group,the tibial nerves were cut off for anastomosis of the proximal end of the tibial nerves with the distolateral side of the common peroneal nerve.While in control group,the common peroneal nerves were cut off to anostmose the distal end of the peroneal nerve with the distolateral side of the tibial nerves.Electrophysiological examination was done three months later to observe and compare wave amplitude,latent period and maximal wave amplitude at set stimulus volume in both groups and compare the fiber number at distal and proximal ends of the common peroneal nerves. Results There was no significant statistical difference in regard of amplitude,latent period and maximal wave amplitude in both groups.However,the fiber number at distal end of the stoma was much more than that at proximal end in the experimental group,with statistical difference(P

BACKGROUND:Cerebral ischemia often occurs in underlying pathological conditions, such as hypertension,
hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Therefore, it is of great significance to construct a cerebral ischemia rat model with hyperlipidemia and to study the effect of basic pathological changes on the cerebral ischemia.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the brain tissue pathological changes of rat models with coexistence of hyperlipidemia and cerebral ischemia, and the effect of hyperlipidmia on cerebral ischemia.
METHODS:The rats were fed with high-fat diet to establish the hyperlipidmia models, and then focal cerebral
ischemia models were prepared with suture method. At 3 and 7 days after modeling, the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to observe the volume of brain tissue ischemia, and hematoxylin-eosin staining was
performed to observe pathological change of the margin of the brain tissue ischemia zone.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining staining results showed that the volume of cerebral ischemia was significantly reduced in the hyperlipidemia+cerebral ischemia 7 day group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed there was typical ischemic changes in al the cerebral ischemia models, and the number of microglial cel s after cerebral ischemia for 7 days was significantly smal er than that after cerebral ischemia for 3 days, and the changes were more obvious in the hyperlipidemia+7-day cerebral ischemia group when compared with the hyperlipidemia+3-day cerebral ischemia group. Ultrastructure showed there were neuronal and glial nuclear membrane shrinkage in al the cerebral ischemia models, mitochondria cristae was disappeared completely, endothelial cel mitochondria was decreased, most of the synaptic vesicles of nerve synapse were dissolved;the damages above were improved after ischemia for 7 days, especial y
hyperlipidemia+cerebral ischemia for 7 days, the neuronal degeneration and necrosis were reduced, the
mitochondrial damage was repaired, the number of mitochondrial cristae was increased significantly, and the synaptic vesicles of nerve synapse were recovered significantly. The results indicate that hyperlipidemia can promote the recovery of cerebral ischemic injury,
probably because the hyperlipidemia factors can activate the protection mechanism.

Objective To compare the sensitivity and diagnostic features of mammogram (MG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on diagnosis of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with or without microinvasion (DCIS-MI).Methods From Jan 2012 to Nov 2013,results of MG and MRI from 72 cases of DCIS or DCIS-MI were retrospectively analyzed.Results The sensitivity of MG was 52.8％ (38/72).The sensitivity of MRI was 87.5％ (63/72),among those 76.2％ (48/63)lesions presented as non-mass-like enhancement.Sensitivity of MRI was significantly higher in DCIS-MI than DCIS (84.6％ vs 100％,P =0.027).Logistic regression analysis showed calcifications was an independent factor influencing the sensitivity of MG (OR =23.785,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions The sensitivity of MRI is higher than MG for the diagnosis of DCIS and DCIS-MI.

Objective To investigate the role of the predictive prognostic value of BRCA1 screened by whole genome expression profiling in ductal carcinoma in situ.Methods Collected 4 cases of breast ductal carcinoma and 4 cases of breast invasive ductal carcinoma fresh samples from January 2014 to June 2014,and the difference of BRCA1 expression on whole genone expression profiling was analyzed by microarray comparative genomic hybridization.The expression of BRCA1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in 70 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast,and the prognosis of intraductal carcinoma was evaluated.Results BRCA1 gene differentially expressed in invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ by screening.The positive rate of BRCA1 protein in breast ductal carcinoma in 14.3％ (10/70),its expression had no significant relationship with age (P =0.959),menopause (P =0.959),tumor size (P =0.627),axillary lymph node status (P =1.000),HR status (P =0.958),HER-2 status (P =1.000),P53 expression (P =0.460).ductal carcinoma with micro-infiltration ratio in BRCA1 negative group was higher than BRCA1-positive group (P =0.043).The median follow-up of 47 months,Disease-free survival rate of all was 97.1％.Disease-free survival of BRCA1 negative group and BRCA1-positive group had no significant difference (96.7％ vs 100％,P =0.569),over all survival of BRCA1 negative and positive groups was 100％.Conclusions BRCA1 expression may not predict the prognosis of intraductal carcinoma,but ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion group ratio in BRCA1 negative was higher than ductal carcinoma in situ group,BRCA1 may take affect within ductal carcinoma infiltration process work.