OBJECTIVE:To determine the related substance in cloperastine hydrochloride by HPLC.METHODS:The analysis was conducted on Agilent C18 column with the mobile phase consisted of 0.02 mol?L-1 KH2PO4-methanol(30∶70,triethlaminel 1.0 mL,adjusted to pH=3.5 with phosphoric acid) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The detection wavelength was 225 nm;the column temperature was set at room temperature,and the injection volume was 20 ?L.RESULTS:Effective segregation was achieved for the related substance from the chief chromatographic peak.The total peak area of the related substance in the sample was 0.13%～0.26% that of the main constituent of its reference substance(own control solution).CONCLUSION:The method is simple,accurate and specific,and applicable for the quality control of the related substance in cloperastine hydrochloride.

Objective To determine the content icariin in the extract of Gushuling. Methods HPLC method was performed on Luna C18 column (250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- water (30∶70) and the UV detective wavelength was set at 270 nm. Results The curve of icariin was linear within 0.416～2.496 ?g, Y=2.0?106X-53 810 (r =0.999 9). Conclusion HPLC method is simple, rapid and accurate, and it is suitable for ananlysis of icariin content in extract of Gushuling .

Objective To compare the sensitivity and diagnostic features of mammogram (MG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on diagnosis of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with or without microinvasion (DCIS-MI).Methods From Jan 2012 to Nov 2013,results of MG and MRI from 72 cases of DCIS or DCIS-MI were retrospectively analyzed.Results The sensitivity of MG was 52.8％ (38/72).The sensitivity of MRI was 87.5％ (63/72),among those 76.2％ (48/63)lesions presented as non-mass-like enhancement.Sensitivity of MRI was significantly higher in DCIS-MI than DCIS (84.6％ vs 100％,P =0.027).Logistic regression analysis showed calcifications was an independent factor influencing the sensitivity of MG (OR =23.785,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions The sensitivity of MRI is higher than MG for the diagnosis of DCIS and DCIS-MI.

Objective To explore the targeting homing capacity of bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem eells(MSCs) on rabbit myocardial ischemia by intravenous injection of MSCs under the mediation of diagnostic ultrasound and microbubble. Methods Density gradient centrifugation and adherent culture method were used in the isolation and cultivation of MSCs. MSCs were labeled with DAPI. Rabbit myocardial infarction(MI) models were builded by totally ligation of left anterior descending branch of coronary artery. DAPI labeled MSCs were implanted by intravenous injection with or without the mediation of diagnostic ultrasound and microbubbles. Forty-eight hours after cell transplantation, the hearts of MI rabbits were made of frozen section and observed under fluorescent microscope. The DAPI positive cells were counted in the MI and border area of rabbit heart and compared between two groups. Pathological changes of MI area were observed with HE staining under light microscope and transmission electronic microscope. Results The number of DAPI positive cells in MI and border area of rabbit in both groups were counted under fluorescent microscope. There were more DAPI positive cells in the MI area in ultrasound + microbubble + MSCs group (213.2±26.5) than that in the intravenous injection group (146.8±18.78, P<0.01). There were erythrocytes leaking out of the vessels in MI area in HE staining section under light microscope in ultrasound + microbubble + MSCs group while there were nearly none in the intravenous injection MSCs group. The intercellular space of endothelial cells of the vessels wall was increased and serum component leaked out of the vessel wall in ultrasound + microbubble + MSCs under transmission electronic microscope. Conclusions The targeted homing capacity of BM-MSCs in the MI area of rabbit heart can be enhanced under the mediation of diagnostic ultrasound and microbubbles.

Objective To explore the value of diagnostic ultrasound mediated microbubble destruction in improving the myocardial perfusion and left ventricular systolic function when cooperated with the mecsenchymal stem cells(MSCs) transplantation in rabbit myocardial ischemia. Methods One week after myocardial ischemia (MI) modeling,36 rabbits were divided into 3 groups,the control group(group Ⅰ) ,intravenous injection of MSCs group(group Ⅱ) and ultrasound + microbubble + MSCs group (group Ⅲ). Myocardial contrast enhancement (MCE) was performed and quantification analysis of anterior wall was assessed with Photoshop. Left ventrieular systolic function was assessed with M-mode echocardiography and bi-plane Simpson's method. CD34 expression in heart was detected with immunohistochemisty(IHC). Western blotting was applied to detect the level of VEGF in three groups. Results The differences of gray scale analyzed with histogram of Photoshop in anterior wall of ischemia myocardium between the group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ or group Ⅲ were significant,and P value was 0. 032 and 0. 000 , respectively. There were significant differences of FS between group Ⅲ (30. 43±4.09)% and group Ⅱ (26.29±2.93)%, P<0.01, and similar to group Ⅰ (19.28 ± 2.84)%. The difference of EF(%) between group Ⅲ and group Ⅱ was significant [(61.5±5.8 vs 53.6±4. 71), P<0. 05] ,or markedly significant between group Ⅲ and group Ⅰ [(61.5±5.8 vs 42.6± 5.0), P <0.01]. EF(%) assessed with bi-plane Simpson's method was significantly increased from (34.64 ± 4.59) in group Ⅰ to (41.78 ± 4.21) in group Ⅱ and (48.6±3.96) in group Ⅲ. The expression of CD34 assessed with immunohistochemistry was the highest in group Ⅲ. The level of VEGF with western blotting in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than other two groups. Conclusions It is an efficacious transplantation means of MSCs infusion under the ultrasound mediated microbubles destruction in improving the myocardial perfusion and cardiac systolic function.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance enterography(MRE)and ectopic gastric mucosa imaging(EGMI)in children with lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage.Methods The clinical data including gender,age,amount of bleeding and preoperative minimum hemoglobin(Hb)levels of 54 children with lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage were collected,who received surgical exploration in Department of Pediatric Surgery,Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital between February 2014 and April 2016.Children were divided into lesion group and non-lesion group according to the findings of surgical exploration.Lesion group were defined as children with Meckel's diverticulum(MD)or duplication of the small intestine by surgery and postoperative pathological findings.A total of 36 cases,25 cases of boys,11 cases of girls,aged(2.86±1.59)years old.Non-lesion group were defined as children,who underwent operation with negative result or with lesions but not MD or duplication of the small intestine.A total of 18 cases,14 cases of boys,4 cases of girls,aged(3.87±1.62)years old.MRE and EGMI were performed when the children stopped bleeding,before the inspection,should fasting for 4-6 h.SPSS 13.0 software was used for statistical processing.The evaluation of EGMI,MRE and the both in diagnosing MD or duplication of the small intestine were conducted by receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC).According to the principles of biggest gain best diagnostic value by Youden index,and the degree of sensitivity and specificity was calculated at this time,P<0.05 for the difference was statistically significant.Results There was no significant differences statistically in gender between 2 groups(x2=0.415,P>0.05).There were statistically significant differences in age,amount of bleeding and preoperative minimum hemoglobin levels(t=2.179,2.027,2.222,all P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in classification comparison by EGMI and MRE between 2 groups(x2=15.226,29.121,all P<0.01).The optimal cut-off value of EGMI and MRE in the diagnosis of enteric malformation was more than level 3,and the suspected positive and being positive value was assigned as positive results.According to the cut-off value above,EGMI,MRE and EGMI plus MRE in series and in parallel in the diagnosis of enteric malformation,the areas under curves(AUC)were 0.809,0.917,0.750 and 0.847,respectively.The sensitivity was 61.1％,75.0％,55.6％and 80.6％,respectively.The specificity was 90.4％,94.4％,94.4％and 88.9％,respectively.The Youden's indexes were 0.515,0.694,0.500 and 0.695,respectively.The optimal cut-off value of age and preoperative minimum hemoglobin levels in the diagnosis of enteric malformation were 2.92 years and 80 g/L,respectively.The AUC was 0.761 and 0.672.The Youden's indexes were 0.515 and 0.333.There was no significant differences statistically in AUC compared with age,MRE and EGMI(all P<0.05).Conclusions The high diagnostic value in children with lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage is found by using MRE and EGMI.Then,MRE as a separate diagnosis method is also worthy of clinical application.

Sect. Aptera (Gentiana L.) is the plant origin of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) "Qinjiao", which is used to treat rheumatism and pains with a long history. The plants of Sect. Aptera mainly contain iridoids, triterpenes and steroids, and possess anti-inflammatory, analgesia, stomach invigorate and bacteria inhibitory effects, etc. Herein, we reviewed the advances of chemical and pharmacological investigations of Sect. Aptera for further research.
Animals ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Gentiana ; chemistry ; Humans ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristic, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment strategies of gastroinstinal injury caused by magnets ingestion in children.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 46 patients with gastrointestinal tract magnets ingestion in Anhui Provincial Children′s Hospital from October 2017 to September 2021 was performed. Patients were divided into different groups according to gastroinstinal perforation. Some basic information was collected, including gender, age, duration of swallow foreign bodies, quantity of foreign bodies, symptoms, white blood cell, neutrophil, C-reactive protein, therapeutic method, gastroinstinal injury and follow up. Logistic regression. Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analysis the risk factors of gastroinstinal perforation. Continuous parametric data were summarized using median and interquartile range, differences were evaluated using Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test.Noncontinuous data were analyzed using chi-square test or corrected chi-square test.Results:Among the 46 patients, there were 33 males and 13 females. The median age was 3 years, with a range of 8 months to 11years. 34 cases had a history of ingesting magnets. The common number of ingested magnets was 2-10 (25 cases). Vomiting (18 cases) and abdominal pain (13 cases)were the commonest complaint. 6 cases tend to pass through the gastrointestinal tract uneventfully, and the remaining cases were successfully extracted by endoscopy (5 cases) and surgery(35 cases). Gastroinstinal perforation was found in 28 cases, and the majority of perforation was located in the ileum (18 cases). Univariate analysis showed that symptom, white blood cell, neutrophil, and CRP were associated with gastroinstinal perforation ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that symptom( OR=4.715, 95% CI: 1.074-20.696, P=0.040) and CRP( OR=11.605, 95% CI: 1.132-118.981, P=0.039) were independent factors for gastroinstinal perforation. There was no significant correlation between the number of magnets and gastroinstinal perforation ( r=0.276, P>0.05). Conclusions:The ingestion of magnetic foreign bodies in children often requires urgent management.When magnets are located within the prepyloric part of the GI tract, retrieval by endoscopy is recommended.The surgical intervention is required as soon as possible due to the failure of endoscopic treatment.

Objective:To evaluate the risk factors for prognosis of primary intussusception treated by enema reduction in children.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 519 patients with primary intussusception in Anhui Provincial Children′s Hospital from January 2017 to December 2020 was performed. Among the 519 patients, there were 346 males and 173 females. The median age was 15 months, with a range of 3 to 69 months, some basic information was collected. Patients were divided into bad prognosis group ( n=71) and good prognosis group ( n=448) according to prognosis.Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to reduce confounding bias between the groups. Conditional logistic regression were used to analysis the risk factors of primary intussusception treated by enema reduction. Results:There were 71 cases of poor prognosis among 519 primary intussusception patients, incidence was 13.7%.Before PSM, there was significant difference in 6 covariates, including gender, age, duration of symptoms, bloody stool, diarrhoea and fever between two group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in abdominal pain and vomit between two group ( P>0.05). With propensity score matching, 69 pairs of patients were sucessfully matched. After PSM, distribution of the above covariates reached equilibrium between two groups ( P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in enema reduction, mass location, seroperitoneum, lactic acid and overweight/obese between the two groups ( P<0.05). Conditional logistic regression analysis confirmed that enema reduction( OR=3.478, 95% CI: 1.150-10.517, P=0.027), mass location ( OR=6.596, 95% CI: 1.669-26.056, P=0.007), lactic acid( OR=1.012, 95% CI: 1.003-1.021, P=0.010), overweight/obese ( OR=6.085, 95% CI: 1.650-22.436, P=0.007) were independent factors for predicting prognosis of primary intussusception treated by enema reduction. Conclusions:AER, mass located left hemicolon, elevated lactic acid and overweight/obese were independent risk factors for poor prognosis of primary intussusception treated by enema reduction.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of liposarcoma of the extremities.Methods:Fourteen patients with atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma (ALT/WDL), dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDL) and myxoid liposarcoma (ML) in Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University from March 2002 to December 2019 were collected. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the MDM2 gene amplification and expressions of S-100, CDK4 and MDM2 proteins in tumor tissues. The characteristics of different types of liposarcoma were comprehensively analyzed combined with clinical data and histopathological characteristics.Results:The age of 14 patients was (55.6±16.7) years old, with 10 males and 4 females. There were 2 cases of ALT/WDL, 6 cases of DDL, and 6 cases of ML. Immunohistochemistry showed that S-100 was positive in all patients and the patterns were scattered, partial and extensive. CDK4 and MDM2 were positive in both ALT/WDL and DDL, and weakly expressed in ML (4 cases). Vimentin was positive in all patients. MDM2 gene amplification was detected in 2 cases of ALT/WDL and 6 cases of DDL.Conclusion:Liposarcoma has a high incidence and obvious morphological diversity, accurate diagnosis is critical to the prognosis and treatment of the tumor.