Objective To explore risk factors for asthma children in Urumqi aged 0-14 years old through the epidemiological survey data.Methods By cluster sampling method,totally 11 939 children were investigated.There were 148 cases of asthma,by using case-control study,the risk factors for asthma were analyzed.Results The total asthma morbidity rate of childhood asthma (aged 0-14 years old) in Urumqi(1.24％,148/11 939 cases) was significantly lower than that of national city incidence (3.02％) based on the third-time national survey;the prevalence rate was obviously rising compared with the region in 2000 (0.61％) and 1990 (0.40％).The prevalence of asthma in male and female children was 1.72％ (104/6 047 cases) and 0.75％ (44/5 892 cases),respectively (x2 =23.081,P ＜0.001).Preschool children had the highest prevalence of asthma (1.33％,36/2 705 cases),which was slightly higher than that of school-age children (1.29％,86/6 690 cases) and that of the infants (1.02％,26/2 544 cases).The prevalence in Han children (1.36％,121/8 895 cases) was higher than that of the minority children (0.89％,27/3 044 cases)(x2 =4.150,P ＜ 0.05).The uni-variate Logistic regression analysis showed that there were 16 significant factors that related to asthma;bv multivariate Logistic regression analysis,the family history of allergies,allergic rhinitis,food allergy history,use of antibiotics and passive smoking were all risk factors associated with childhood asthma.Conclusions The asthma prevalence is significantly different in genders,ages,Han nationality and minority.Active avoidance of risk factors for asthma in children are of great significance in the prevention and control of children asthma.