Cataract surgery is now often referred to as refractive surgery.It has come into the focus in recent years to choose the intraocular lens of appropriate power so as to achieve the expected postoperative refraction.Two main factors influence the measurement of intraocular lens power(IOL),the IOL power calculation formula and biological measurement of the ocular.The achievement of expected surgical outcome depends on the selection of the IOL power calculation formula and biological measurement instrument that suit the intraocular lens the specific patient.The article presents an overview of IOL power calculation with a focus on the above two aspects.

Objective To localize precisely cerebral central sulcus on the coronal MR imaging. Methods The serieses of 4 mm thickness coronal sections and coronal MR images of brain were prepared on 30 cadaver heads. The preparation of the brain slices in correspondence with MR scan took the line perpendicular to the midpoint of intercommissural line as base one. The important cerebral gyri of cadaver were painted different colors. The coronal MR images of 6 volunteers were also prepared. The localization of central sulcus on the coronal sections was studied by the comparison of MR images with serial coronal sections of the brains. Results On the section of the central sulcus appearing for the first time, the appearing rate of dorsal thalamus was: left side 93%, right side 97%; the appearing rate of pyramidal tract was: left side 20%, right side 13%. The central sulcus almost disappeared on the section through the posterior border of splenium of corpus callosum, the appearing rate of the central sulcus on the superolateral surface was 33% on the both sides. Conclusion The central sulcus appears for the first time on the 1-2 sections which the dorsal thalamus appears on but the pyramidal tract doesn′t appear. On the section through pyramidal tract, the superior frontal, precentral and postcentral gyri can be identified according to the three medullary branches on superolateral surface of cerebral hemispheres. The central sulcus has almost disappeared on the section through the posterior border of splenium of corpus callosum.

Objective To develop the numerical method for the steady and unsteady wet steam condensing flow in turbine stage. Methods An Eulerian/Eulerian numerical model is used to describe the spontaneous condensation flow in the steam turbine. For the steady condensing flow computations, the mixing plane model was used. For the unsteady condensing flow computations, the sliding mesh method was used to simulate the rotor-stator interactions. Results The numerical results showed the obvious differences between non-condensing and condensing flows. The results also showed the unsteadiness effect due to rotor-stator interactions had a deep influence on the formation and growth process of water droplets. Conclusion The numerical methods presented in this paper are valid for the condensing flow in the turbine stage.

Objective To investigate age-related changes of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen in rat heart. Methods Twenty-one male Wistar rats were divided randomly into infanct,young and old group.Types Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen expresson of different age hearts were studied by SP immunohistochemical methods. Results 1.Type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen all constitute thick fiber and fibril.The fibrils encircled every cardiac muscle and formed collagen net each other.The thick fibers being plaque were located among cardiac muscle groups.The content of type Ⅰ collagen was more than that of type Ⅲ.2.There were distinct expression difference of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen in different aging rat hearts.The collagens distributed densely and evenly in infancy rat heart,and loosely and uniformly in young rat heart,and the contents were increased distinctly with heterogeneous distribution in old rat heart.The cardiac collagen was growing from infanct to old rat,and rapid progress of cardiac collagen was seen in young rat. 3.The content of collagen in right ventricle was more than that of left ventricle of infanct heart.The collagen in all parts of the heart is not of difference both in yound and old rat. Conclusion The contents of type Ⅰ collagen is more than that of type Ⅲ collagen.The two types collagen are increasing with growing.;

Objective To develop a rapid expansion assay and determine the predominant epitope for HBV-specific CD8 T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) of patients with acute hepatitis B(AHB).Methods PBMC were isolated from a patient with HLA-A2 positive AHB,and the frequency of HBV-specific CD8 T-cells was determined using 3 kinds of HLA-A2 antigenic peptide florescence-labeled pentamer agents,i.e.S183-191 and S335-343 derived from HLA-A2 restricted HBsAg epitope,and C18-27 derived from HBcAg epitope.Cytokines and corresponding epitopic peptides were used for induction of positive CD8 T-cell expansion and enrichment in PBMC for 1-2 weeks.T epitope-specific CD8 T-cells were quantified and sorted by flow cytometry.Results After cultivation with antigenic peptide stimulation and proper cultural condition,the frequency increased significantly in the pentamer positive HBV-specific CD8 T cells in total CD8 T cells.The peak value was observed in 2-week cultivation.At the time the HBV-specific CD8 T cell frequencies increased from 0.21% to 15.17% for S183-191,and from 0.44% to 1.79% for S335-343,representing 73.8-folds and 3.1-folds increase for each epitope respectively.However,the frequency of C18-27-specific CD8 T-cells was negative and without obvious proliferation after stimulation.Conclusions Under stimulation of HBV epitopic peptide in proper culture condition,the specific CD8 T lymphocytes may be induced and expanded in quantity via sort-term conditioned culture.CD8 T cells specific for S183-191 may play an important role in the control of acute HBV infection.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become a major class of therapeutic agents providing effective alternatives to treating various human diseases. To date, 15 mAbs have been approved by regulatory agencies in the world for clinical use in oncology indications. The selectivity and specificity, the unique pharmacokinetics, and the ability to engage and activate the host immune system differentiate these biologics from traditional small molecule anticancer drugs. mAb-based regimens have brought clinical benefits, including improvements in overall survival, to patients with a variety of cancers. Many challenges still remain, however, to fully realize the potential of these new medicines. With our further understanding of cancer biology, mechanism of antibody action, and advancement of antibody engineering technologies, many novel antibody formats or antibody-derived molecules are emerging as promising new generation therapeutics. Carefully designed and engineered, they retain the advantage of specificity and selectivity of original antibodies, but in the meantime acquire additional special features such as improved pharmacokinetics, increased selectivity, and enhanced anticancer efficacy. Promising clinical results are being generated with these newly improved antibody-based therapeutics.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; therapeutic use ; Antigens, CD20 ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunoconjugates ; therapeutic use ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Protein Engineering ; RANK Ligand ; immunology ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; immunology ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; immunology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; immunology

Objective　To investigate the changes of free calcium distribution in hepatocytes after administration of phenylephedrine. Methods The changes of fluorescence intensity were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy after administration of phenylephedrine alone or pretreated with phentolamine before phenylephedrine administration. Results　The fluorescence intensity increased rapidly after administration of phenylephedrine to hepatocytes. When liver cells were pretreated by phentolamine before phenylephedrine administration, the changes of fluorescence intensity not obvious. Meanwhile, the inconformity of the fluorescence intensity in hepatocytes suggested the existence of the second subarea of free calcium distribution. Conclusion　Ca2+ signal can be arisen by phenylephedrine via the α-receptor in hepatocytes in vitro. The distribution and dynamic changes of free calcium in hepatocytes display some characteristics.

Refractive surgery for myopia is a common operation and has been performed on millions of patients .Improved technology has increased the satisfaction of patients and physicians .Surgery must follow the basic requirements of medical ethics , to ensure the safety and best interests of the patients .The choice of procedure depends on individual patient indications and ocular exami -nations .Before the surgery , the opthalmologists must ensure that the patient understands the potential risk of the operation and has re -alistic expectations for the visual acuity postoperatively .

Objective: To study the effect of ?-cyanoacrylate on corneal perforation in rabbits. Methods:Eighteen adult rabbits were divided into a left eye group and a right eye group.Bilateral corneas of the rabbits were perforated and subsequently occluded with ?-alkyl cyanoacrylate synthetic adhesive in the former group and by separated single points using the 10-0 polyglactin thread in the latter.The time for the obliteration of the corneal perforations and intraocular pressure(IOP) were recorded preoperatively and 3 days after the operation in both the two groups.The ocular contents of the two groups were observed by slit-lamp biomicroscopy after the operation.Results: The mean time of the corneal perforation obliteration was shorter in the left than in the right eyes.IOP was recovered to normal within 3 days postoperatively and the ocular contents were stabilized,with no significant difference in IOP between the two groups 3 days after the operation.Conclusion: ?-Cyanoacrylate is an effective adhesive agent for corneal perforation.

Objective To observe the influence of local-anaesthetic combined with dezocine on brachial plexus block and postoperative analgesia.Methods 60 patients scheduled for unilateral upper limb operation were randomly divided into two groups of C group and D group with 30 cases in each group.The brachial plexus block was performed under ultrasound guiding.Two groups received a bolus injection of local anesthetic 30ml,but the local bolus injection of D group consisted of Dezocine 10mg.The tine of sensory blocked producing effect,anesthesia effect,sensory blocked duration were observed.Two hours after sensory nerve recovered,the scores of VAS pain and Ramsay Sedation were recorded.Adverse reactions of perioperation were also observed(nausea,vomiting,dizzy,respiratory,urine retention,pruritus).Results The sensory blocked duration in D group was(7.1±1.1)h,which was significantly longer than that of C group[(4.5±0.8)h](t=10.47,P＜0.01);Two hours after sensory nerve recovered,the score of VAS pain in D group was(1.7±0.7)points,and significantly lower than that of C group[(3.9±1.0)points](t=9.87,P＜0.01).Both two groups had no adverse reactions.Conclusion Addition dezocine 10mg to local anesthetic solutions for interscalene brachial plexus block,it could prolong the sensory block duration,provide satisfactory postoperative analgesia,have no adverse reactions.