Objective To evaluate the efficacy of mydriasis induced by intracameral injection of 1% lidocaine instead of topical mydriatics and postoperative recovery of pupil diameter in phacoemulsification surgery through a prospectively controlled clinical trial. Design Randomized clinical trial. Participants 34 patients (36 eyes) in study group,46 patients (50 eyes) in control group. Methods The study group comprised 34 patients (36 eyes),who were given intracamerally 0.5 ml unpreserved lidocaine 1% without using mydriatic eyedrops preoperatively. 46 patients (50 eyes),pupil dilated with topical mydriatics,Mydrin-p ( Tropicamid,Phenylephrine Eye Drops),were studied for comparison. As for the study group,baseline pupil diameters were recorded before the surgery,and 90 seconds after the injection of 1% lidocaine. As for the control group pupil,diameters were recorded when the surgery began. Pupil diameters at 1h,2h,4h,8h,12h,and 24h postoperatively were recorded respectively for both groups. Corneal edema and vision recovery were recorded postoperatively. Main outcome measures Pupil diameter. Results The mean baseline pupil size of the study group was 2.0611?0.1016mm,and maximum mean pupil size obtained at 90 seconds after the injection was 6.0972?0.1566mm. At the beginning of the surgery the mean pupil diameter of the control group was 7.6100?0.0799mm which was larger than 6.0972?0.1566mm (P=0.000). 75.0% eyes in the lidocaine group returned to normal size with brisk light reflex,while only 22.0% in the control group did. The time required for return to normal pupil size was significantly different between the two groups (P=0.000). Conclusions Intracameral injection of 1% unpreserved lidocaine can provide adequate pupil dilation and get rapid recovery of pupil size after surgery,though not as large as that of topical mydriatics for phacoemulsification. (Ophthalmol CHN ,2006,15: 205-208)

AIM:To study the changes in lymphatic motion and histochemical stain of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) in the early phase of acute rat endotoxemia and explore their relationship. METHODS: After lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected into femoral vein, rats' mesenteric lymphatic were inspected within two hours. Paraffin section was stained by HE, frozen section by NADPH diaphorase histochemistry. RESULTS: In LPS group, the mesenteric lymphatic diameter was greater than that in the control and contractile frequency was decreased, the villi central lacteal and submucosal microlymphatics of small intestine was extremely dilated under microscope. In LPS and control group, NOS was positive in lymphatic endothelia and the nerve fibers in the vessels' wall. CONCLUSION: In the early stage of acute endotoxemia, the lymphatic vessles dilated and contractile activity diminished, NOS may play an important role in these changes.