The parallel imaging technology of MRI is the latest technique emerging in the last few years, which is based on the phased array coil. SMASH procedure operates by simultaneously acquiring linear combination signals with different spatial sensitivities from the phased array coils to reduce the phase encoding and shorten the imaging time. SENSE procedure operates by increasing the pace when sampling is performed in k-space, which proves a speedup by reducing the number of encoding steps. When the phased array coil designed, such problems have to be taken into account as resonant frequency, impedance match, mutual impedance and et al.

Objective To investigate the MRI features and the diagnostic value of uterine leiomyoma.Methods All cases were examinated by MRI and ultrasound.Retrospective analysis of MRI manifestations of 71 uterine leiomyomas in 32 patients in combination with the results of operation and pathology was carried out and was compared with ultrasound findings.Results The MRI features of the tumors were:intermediate or slightly low signal intensity on T 1WI and low signal intensity on T 2WI,patch hyperintense areas were seen in degenerated leiomyoma on T 2WI,there were clear margins in all tumors and capsules in most tumors(55/71).MRI was superior to sonography in showing 

Objective To explore the clinical technique and curative effect of tissue expansion in repairing soft tissue defects of eyelid.Methods Repair of eyelid defects with tissue expansion was performed in 21 patients(21 eyes)from Apr.2004 to Apr.2009,in whom there were 9 males and 12 females,aged 6-48 years(mean 29),in a course of 6 months to 23 years.Twelve defects were in upper eyelid and 9 in lower eyelid.The areas of eyelid scars ranged from 5mm?20mm to 30mm?50mm,and 10 patients were with ectropion of eyelid due to cicatrical contraction.Tissue expanders sized 30-100ml were implanted beneath the normal skin adjacent to lesions of eyelids,and normal saline solution was periodically injected for 3 to 4 months to slowly expand the overlying skin.Then the expanders were removed,and different sizes of adjacent expanded skin flaps were used with rotation to repair the eyelid defects and restore normal position of palpebral margins.Results Satisfactory wound healing was obtained in all the 21 patients with no complication.Sixteen patients were followed-up for 1 to 16 months(mean 10 months),in them the expanded flap survived nicely with acceptable cosmetic result,and the postoperative scar was not conspicuous.No recurrence of ectropion occurred except one with mild ectropion due to termination of expanding treatment by the patient.Conclusion Tissue expansion technique is a reconstructive option for eyelid defects.

Metabolic syndrome is the fundamental factor in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, and it has not yet been fully understood due to its complicated mechanism. Multiple re-searches have implicated that Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may have a significant effect on the formation and development of metabolic syndrome. LRP6 is an important co-receptor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway ,and there are some researches im-plicating the correlation between LRP6 and metabolic syndrome. The in-depth research on the gene polymorphism and its modula-tion mechanism can provide new ideas and directions for meta-bolic syndrome therapy.

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis of the syringomyelia in Chiari I malformation by measuring the posterior cranial fossa structures. Methods The posterior cranial fossa structures on mid sagittal MR image were measured in 50 normal subjects,and 24 Chiari I malformation patients associated with syringomyelia and 26 Chiari I malformation patients without syringomyelia. The t test was used for statistical analysis. Results In Chiari I malformation patients and normal subjects, the width of the CSF space anterior to the medulla oblongata was (4 2?1 8) mm and (6 6?1 4) mm respectively( t =7 30, P 0 05). In Chiari I malformation with syringomyelia group and without syringomyelia group, the width of the CSF space anterior to the medulla oblongata was (2 9?1 4) mm and (5 5?1 1) mm respectively( t =7 30, P

Objective To explore the imaging features of solitary fibrous tumor (SFT)in the head and neck.Methods The CT and MR findings of 10 patients with SFT in the head and neck confirmed by hsitopathology were analyzed retrospectively.All patients underwent CT (including contrast-enhanced dual-phase CT),and MR imaging was obtained in 2 patients.Results All 10 lesions were found as solitary masses ranging in maximum diameter from 20 to 1 1 5 mm (average 35.5 mm),with the location in the orbit (2 cases),nasal cavity and nasal sinuses (4 cases),parotid gland (1 case),supraclavicular region (1 case),subcutaneous tissue of the maxillofacial (1 case)and occipital region (1 case).The lesions showed elliptic shape in 7 cases and lobulated configuration in 3 cases.The majority (8/10 )of lesions demonstrated well-defined margin.The lesions on CT imaging were isodensity or low density, homogeneous density in 4 cases and inhomogeneous density in 6 cases,cystic changes in 2 cases,calcification in 1 case.9 lesions showed strongly homogeneous (n=3)or inhomogeneous (n=6)enhancement,1 lesion showed mildly homogeneous enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT imaging.On dual-phase enhanced CT,8 patients exhibited a rapidly enhancing and slow washout pattern,1 patient exhibited a rapidly enhancing and rapid washout pattern,and 1 patient exhibited delayed enhancement.The lesions showed homogeneous isointense relative to gray matter on T1 WI in 1 patient,mixed isointense and hypointense in 1 patient.On T2 WI,the lesion showed isointense signal in 1 patient,and heterogeneous mixed isointense and hyperintense signal in another.2 lesions demonstrated markedly homogeneous and inhomogeneous enhancement respectively.Conclusion Solitary fibrous tumors shall be considered in cases of inhomogeneous hypervascular tumors in the head and neck.Compared with the gray matter,isointense or mildly hyperintense signal on T2 WI, marked enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT,and a rapidly enhancing and slow washout pattern on dual-phase enhanced CT may be valuable imaging features of SFT.

Objective To investigate the changes of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the anterior cingulate cortex of perimenopausal women with depression.Methods Forty perimenopausal women as the experimental group and ten healthy women as the control group were recruited and followed up for 18 to 24 months.The proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) was used to acquire the concentrations of GABA in the anterior cingulate cortex.The experimental group was examined before and after menopause.The control group was examined before into the group and after out of the group.The experimental group after menopause was further divided into the anxiety group and the depression group according to the Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disorders in China-Third Edition (CCMD-3), 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA-14) and 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17).The data of three groups were compared respectively.Results The results showed that the concentrations of GABA after menopause in both of the anxiety group and depression group were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those before menopause, and were also significantly lower (P<0.05) than those in the control group.The concentrations of GABA after menopause in the depression group were significantly lower(P<0.05) than those in the anxiety group.Conclusion The changes of GABA in the anterior cingulate cortex are related with the pathophysiology mechanism of perimenopausal depression and the symptoms of perimenopausal depression.

BACKGROUND:Articular cartilage injuries can result from a variety of causes. Conventional therapy cannot obtain the optimal clinical results. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound has been shown to promote the repair of injured articular cartilage. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on the repair of injured articular cartilage. METHODS:Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were used to establish knee arthritis models and equal y randomized into study and control groups, respectively. Rabbits in the study group received low-intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment, and sham low-intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment was given in the control group. At 8 weeks after treatment, pathological change and histological scores in articular cartilage tissue col ected from both groups were determined. Moreover, the ultrastructure and type II col agen expression of chondrocytes were determined. Matrix metal oproteinase-13 mRNA expression was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 8 weeks after treatment, toluidine blue staining showed a disordered arrangement of cel s, decreased number of cartilage cel s in each layer and cluster in the control group. Light disordered arrangement of cel s, decreased appearance of the superficial layer cel s and the cluster phenomenon were observed in the study group. Articular cartilage tissue scores were significantly decreased in the study group compared with the control group (P<0.05). The chondrocytes were smal , enlarged intracel ular mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasmic swel ing, col agen fibrils coarse, wel developed Golgi apparatus, and nuclear fragmentation were observed in the control group. In addition, the normal structure of organel es disappeared and cel degeneration was observed in the control group. In the study group, the size of chondrocytes and the Golgi complex and other organel es were normal, and the protein polysaccharide granules were observed in the cytoplasm and membrane. The mRNA expression of matrix metal oproteinase-13 in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Type II col agen immunoreactivity in the study group was stronger than that in the control group. No incision infection, suppuration, red swel ing appeared in al rabbits. Our results suggest that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound can be used for the treatment of articular cartilage injury by al eviating the degradation of col agen type II and inhibiting the expression of matrix metal oproteinase-13.

Objective To evaluate special diagnosis and treatment of occult breast cancer. MethodsDiagnostic means used included breast roentgenography,selective mammary ductography, fine needle aspiration and excision biopsy in 28 cases. ResultsBreast roentgenography detected 4 cases ( 7/16), selective mammary ductography identified 4 cases(4/6). The definite diagnosis rate by lump biopsy and immunohistochemistry was 10 cases (10/13). Postoperative follow-up was abtained in 18 cases,with 5 dying of recurrence or distant metastases. Among them 4 patients underwent only axillary node excision. Conclusion Nipple discharge,localized thickening the gland are very important clue to the diagnosis of occult breast cancer.Lump biopsy and immunohistochemistry is a mainstay for the final establishment of the diagnosis of breast cancer. Radical or modified radical mastectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy is a suitable treatment modality for occult breast cancer.

Objective To develop an in vitro model for cranial suture of neonatal SD rat. Methods The parietal hones with the sagittal suture were removed from SD rats (19-days old) for organ culture. In the experimental group, tensile force 3.92×10~(-3) N (0.4 g) was applied by helical springs, whereas no tension (0 N) was set in control group. These explants were observed under inverted microscope. At the end of the incubation period for 24 hours, general conditions were observed under inverted microscope and histological conditions were observed after hematoxylin and eosin stain. Results Under inverted micro-scope, sutures had no obvious changes in control group, whereas sutures were enlarged gradually in the experimental group. With histological observation, sutures developed normally in control group, but in experimental group, osteohlasts and capillary vessels proliferated actively in the suture. Conclusions In vitro model of cranial suture can be cultured and grown successively.