The parallel imaging technology of MRI is the latest technique emerging in the last few years, which is based on the phased array coil. SMASH procedure operates by simultaneously acquiring linear combination signals with different spatial sensitivities from the phased array coils to reduce the phase encoding and shorten the imaging time. SENSE procedure operates by increasing the pace when sampling is performed in k-space, which proves a speedup by reducing the number of encoding steps. When the phased array coil designed, such problems have to be taken into account as resonant frequency, impedance match, mutual impedance and et al.

Objective To investigate the MRI features and the diagnostic value of uterine leiomyoma.Methods All cases were examinated by MRI and ultrasound.Retrospective analysis of MRI manifestations of 71 uterine leiomyomas in 32 patients in combination with the results of operation and pathology was carried out and was compared with ultrasound findings.Results The MRI features of the tumors were:intermediate or slightly low signal intensity on T 1WI and low signal intensity on T 2WI,patch hyperintense areas were seen in degenerated leiomyoma on T 2WI,there were clear margins in all tumors and capsules in most tumors(55/71).MRI was superior to sonography in showing 

Objective To explore the imaging features of solitary fibrous tumor (SFT)in the head and neck.Methods The CT and MR findings of 10 patients with SFT in the head and neck confirmed by hsitopathology were analyzed retrospectively.All patients underwent CT (including contrast-enhanced dual-phase CT),and MR imaging was obtained in 2 patients.Results All 10 lesions were found as solitary masses ranging in maximum diameter from 20 to 1 1 5 mm (average 35.5 mm),with the location in the orbit (2 cases),nasal cavity and nasal sinuses (4 cases),parotid gland (1 case),supraclavicular region (1 case),subcutaneous tissue of the maxillofacial (1 case)and occipital region (1 case).The lesions showed elliptic shape in 7 cases and lobulated configuration in 3 cases.The majority (8/10 )of lesions demonstrated well-defined margin.The lesions on CT imaging were isodensity or low density, homogeneous density in 4 cases and inhomogeneous density in 6 cases,cystic changes in 2 cases,calcification in 1 case.9 lesions showed strongly homogeneous (n=3)or inhomogeneous (n=6)enhancement,1 lesion showed mildly homogeneous enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT imaging.On dual-phase enhanced CT,8 patients exhibited a rapidly enhancing and slow washout pattern,1 patient exhibited a rapidly enhancing and rapid washout pattern,and 1 patient exhibited delayed enhancement.The lesions showed homogeneous isointense relative to gray matter on T1 WI in 1 patient,mixed isointense and hypointense in 1 patient.On T2 WI,the lesion showed isointense signal in 1 patient,and heterogeneous mixed isointense and hyperintense signal in another.2 lesions demonstrated markedly homogeneous and inhomogeneous enhancement respectively.Conclusion Solitary fibrous tumors shall be considered in cases of inhomogeneous hypervascular tumors in the head and neck.Compared with the gray matter,isointense or mildly hyperintense signal on T2 WI, marked enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT,and a rapidly enhancing and slow washout pattern on dual-phase enhanced CT may be valuable imaging features of SFT.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of successful intervention in single chronic coronary actery total ocdusion (CTO) lesions by the transradial.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 103 patients with single CTO lesions who got intervention treatment by the radial artery.Results ( 1 ) Of the 103 cases,57 cases had unstable angina,12 cases had stable angina,and 34 cases chronic myocardial infarction.Lesions' block time was ≤ 6 months in 83 cases,and ＞ 6 months in 20 cases.(2)The path vessels of the 103 patients have no severe tortuosity and anatomical structure variation.Fifty-one cases occurred left anterior descending occlusion,25 cases occurred left circumflex branches occlusion,and 27 cases occurred right coronary artery occlusion.Furthermore,24 cases had chronic complete occlusion,and 79 cases had chronic functional block.The side branches did not block in 91 cases,no lesions(bridge) collateral formation occurred in 87 cases,lesions length was less than 15 mm in 67 cases,and tapered lesions was observed in 81 cases.( 3 ) Final intervention rate via Judkins,XB,EBU guide catheter was 37.86％,30.10％ and 29.13％ respectively.(4)the PILOT successfully through the lesions for the series wire guided was 64.08％.(5) 1.25 mm diameter series with a balloon through the first lesions and successful expanding was observed in 57 cases (55.34％),and 1.5 mm diameter series with a balloon occurred in 38 cases(36.89％ ).Conclusion Intervention treatment by the radial of single CTO lesions is feasible for experienced performers.The successful intervention depends on path vessels unimpeded,target vessels with characteristic pathological features and reasonable choice of instruments.

Objective To examine the association between weight changes during early and middle adulthood and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle aged and elderly population.Methods Based on the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study (GBCS),28 736 residents aged ≥50 years were included in Guangzhou.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between body weight changes during early or middle adulthood and age when the heaviest weight reaching the threshold on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle age or elderly population.Adjustments on age,smoking,alcohol consumption,physical activity,education level,occupation,district of residence and body mass index etc.,were made.Results The mean age was 64.3 (standard deviation=6.7) years in men and 61.0 (standard deviation=7.0) years in women,with the prevalence rates of diabetes as 13.1％ and 13.7％ in men and women,respectively.Compared to those with stable body weight,the risk of diabetes increased with weight gain during early and middle adulthood in both men and women (both P values for trend ＜0.01).Participants who gained more than 20 kg during early and middle adulthood were associated with the highest risk of diabetes in men (OR=2.83,95％ CI:1.99-4.02) and women (OR=3.13,95％CI:2.47-3.96).Compared to those who reached the highest weight at age 20,those who reaching the highest weight at 40 to 49 years were associated with the highest risk of diabetes,with OR being 5.32 (95％CI:1.92-14.8) in men and 3.41 (95％CI:2.49-4.67) in women,respectively.Weight loss in adulthood was associated with self-reported but not newly diagnosed diabetic cases in both middle and older aged men and women.Conclusion Weight gain during early and middle adulthood may increase the risk of diabetes in middle and older aged population.The detrimental effect of obesity on diabetes might become significantly visible in the next decades.

Objective: To investigate the sex- and age-specific association between resting heart rate and hypertension in rural adult residents of Henan province. Methods: At baseline, a total of 20 194 participants were randomly selected from Xin′an County of Henan province between July 2007 and August 2008. After excluding participants with hypertension or without resting heart rate data at baseline, and participants died or without hypertension outcome or diagnosed as gestational hypertension during follow-up between July 2013 and October 2014, 10 212 participants were finally included in this study. Multiple linear regression model was used to examine the association between resting heart rate and change of blood pressure. Logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between resting heart rate and risk of hypertension. Results: There were 2 059 new hypertensive cases (839 male) during the 6 years follow-up. After controlling for potential confounders, per 5 beats/minutes increases in resting heart rate was associated with 0.18 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) (95%CI 0.01-0.36 mmHg, P=0.046) absolute increase in systolic blood pressure and 7% higher risk of developing hypertension in women (95%CI 1.03-1.11, P<0.05). Compared with resting heart rate<70 beats/minutes, the adjusted RRs for 76-82 and>82 beats/minutes groups were 1.39 (95%CI 1.18-1.63, P<0.05) and 1.22 (95%CI 1.02-1.45, P<0.05), respectively. For both age groups, increased resting heart rate was positively associated with risk of hypertension in women(RR=1.05(95% CI 1.01-1.10), P<0.05 (the women those <60 years); RR=1.14(95% CI 1.04-1.25), P<0.05 (the women those≥60 years). However, no significant association was found between resting heart rate and hypertension in male residents. Conclusions Increased resting heart rate is associated with high risk of hypertension in women who live in rural area, especially in elder women of this cohort.

Genome miniaturization drives key evolutionary innovations of adaptive traits in verte-brates,such as the flight evolution of birds.However,whether similar evolutionary processes exist in invertebrates remains poorly understood.Derived from the second-largest animal phylum,scallops are a special group of bivalve molluscs and acquire the evolutionary novelty of the swimming lifestyle,providing excellent models for investigating the coordinated genome and lifestyle evolution.Here,we show for the first time that genome sizes of scallops exhibit a generally negative correlation with loco-motion activity.To elucidate the co-evolution of genome size and swimming lifestyle,we focus on the Asian moon scallop(Amusium pleuronectes)that possesses the smallest known scallop genome while being among scallops with the highest swimming activity.Whole-genome sequencing of A.pleuronectes reveals highly conserved chromosomal macrosynteny and microsynteny,suggestive of a highly con-tracted but not degenerated genome.Genome reduction of A.pleuronectes is facilitated by significant inactivation of transposable elements,leading to reduced gene length,elevated expression of genes involved in energy-producing pathways,and decreased copy numbers and expression levels of biomineralization-related genes.Similar evolutionary changes of relevant pathways are also observed for bird genome reduction with flight evolution.The striking mimicry of genome miniaturization underlying the evolution of bird flight and scallop swimming unveils the potentially common,pivotal role of genome size fluctuation in the evolution of novel lifestyles in the animal kingdom.

Traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome (TSOFS) is a symptom complex caused by nerve entrapment in the supraorbital fissure after skull base trauma. If the compressed cranial nerve in the supraorbital fissure is not decompressed surgically, ptosis, diplopia and eye movement disorder may exist for a long time and seriously affect the patients′ quality of life. Since its overall incidence is not high, it is not familiarized with the majority of neurosurgeons and some TSOFS may be complicated with skull base vascular injury. If the supraorbital fissure surgery is performed without treatment of vascular injury, it may cause massive hemorrhage, and disability and even life-threatening in severe cases. At present, there is no consensus or guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS that can be referred to both domestically and internationally. To improve the understanding of TSOFS among clinical physicians and establish standardized diagnosis and treatment plans, the Skull Base Trauma Group of the Neurorepair Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Neurosurgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Traumatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome ( version 2024) based on evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment. This consensus puts forward 12 recommendations on the diagnosis, classification, treatment, efficacy evaluation and follow-up of TSOFS, aiming to provide references for neurosurgeons from hospitals of all levels to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS.