Objective To study the subchronic toxicity of fipronil in rats and to protect and improve the environment and human health. Methods 80 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups,20 in each groups (10 males and 10 females). The rats were treated with fipronil by gavage,in doses of 25,10,4,0 mg/kg,once a day,10 ml/(kg?d),for 90 consecutive days. The test method was according to GB15670—1995. Results The acute toxicity symptom of rats in high dose showed that cachexia,dull,hair floppy. No acute toxicity symptoms were found in the moderate and low dose groups. No significant difference was found in the serum and urine routine test indexes. Liver index increased significantly in the high dose(25 mg/kg)and moderate dose(10 mg/kg) exposed rats. The activity of aspartateaminotransferase (AST) in the serum increased only in male rats. No significant changes in indicators were found in the low exposed rats. The histopathologic examination showed that in the high and moderate dose groups,in the liver,spot and focus necrosis,the hepatocytes around central veins became bigger and cloudy swelling,some hepatocytes presented ballooning degeneration. No obvious pathological change was seen in the low dose group. Conclusion Fipronil has a toxicity to the liver,based on 90 day oral toxic test in rats,no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) is 4 mg/(kg?d).

Objective: To compare the in uence of various processing methods on AFB1 content in TCM cut crude drug. Methods: ELISA was used to determine the AFB1 content. Results: Heating processing method can decrease the content of AFB1 in TCM cut crude drug. However, it cannot make AFB1 content meet the scope of security when the AFB1 content in TCM cut crude drug was too high. Various heating processing methods had di erent e ect on the content of AFB1. Conclusion: Heating processing method had certain in uence on the content of AFB1. It was necessary to establish limitation standard of the AFB1 content. The AFB1 content limit in the less oil-bearing fruit TCM cut crude drug shouldn,t be higher than 5?g/kg and in the more oil-bearing seed TCM cut crude drug it shouldn't be higher than 20?g/kg. This was the same limit as the national food standards

Objective:To compare antitumor activity in vivo of Rhizoma Typhonii before and after processing. Methods:To observe the effect of water decoction and ethanol extract from Rhizoma Typhonii before and after processing on the sarcoma grafts and immune organs of S180 mice by using mice transplant tumor model. Results:The results showed that both of the Rhizoma Typhonii and processed Rhizoma Typhonii had antitumor effect,and the former was stronger than the latter. The extract from processed Rhizoma Typhonii can inhance the immune function of mouse at some extent. Compared with control group,the Rhizoma Typhonii before processing had no effect in prolonging the life of tumor-bearing mouse. But,the ethanol extract from processed Rhizoma Typhonii can prolong the life of S180 mouse. Conclusion:Decoction and ethanol extract from Rhizoma Typhonii and processed Rhizoma Typhonii had antitumor effect. Processed Rhizoma Typhonii can enhance immune function and increase in life span on S180 mice,So processed Rhizoma Typhonii should be used in clinical medicine.

Objective: To determine the effects of active constituent of Radix Ranunculi Ternati on immune function of experimental animal.Methods: Immune suppression mouse models were made by cyclophosphamide method.After intragastric administration,the effects of polysaccharide and saponin of Radix Ranunculi Ternati on phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophage,formation of hemolysin and T-lymphocyte population of peripheral blood were observed and compared.Results: These two active constituent can highten the percent and the index of phagocytosis,enhancement the formation of the hemolysin obviously and increase the number of T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood.Conclusion: The active part of Radix Ranunculi Ternati can stimulate the immunologic function of immune suppression mouse models.

AIM: To compare the contents of calycosin and fermononetin between Radix Astragali and its fried product with honey. METHODS: The chromatographic column was a Waters SunfireTM C18 column(250 mm ? 4. 6 mm,5 ?m). The mobile phase was the mixture of methanol and water with a linear gradient elution at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The ultraviolet wavelength was set up 254 nm,and the column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃. RESULTS: The contents of calycosin and fermononetin in Radix Astragali were 0. 247 9 mg/g and 0. 125 2 mg/g respectively,the contents of calycosin and fermononetin in Radix Astragali fried with honey were 0. 225 6 mg/g and 0. 108 2 mg/g,respectively. CONCLUSION: The contents of calycosin and fermononetin in Radix Astragali fried with honey decreased.

Objective To study the immunogenicity,immune modulatory effects and mechanisms of mesenthymal stem ceils (MSCs) derived from the bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma (MM).Methods The mononuclear cells from the bone marrow of MM patients were obtained and cultured.Immunophenotypes were investigated by using FACS.The levels of cytokines were determined by using enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA).The endocytosis of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) was investigated by using FACS.Moreover,the immunoregulatory ability of DCs on proliferation of T lymphocytes was detected by using mixed lymphocyte culture assay.Results MM-derived MSCs had no expression of HLA-DR and costirnulatory molecules (CD40,CD80,CD83 and CD86).MM-derived MSCs could significantly suppress proliferation of T lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner,which could be reversed by antiTGF-β1 and anti-HGF antibodies.MM-derived MSCs inhibit the endocytosis of DCs.MM-derived MSCs could inhibit the secretion of IL-12 and significantly inhibit the function of DCs on proliferation of T lymphocytes.Conclusion MM-derived MSCs harbored low immunogenicity and immunoregulatory effect in vitro,and this effect was achieved through cytokines.

Objective To investigate the incidence, risk factors, treatment and clinical outcome of extramedullary EM) relapse following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT), and explore the possible pathogenesis. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 164 patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT. The 10 clinical parameters were selected for Cox univariate analysis: gender, age, underlying disease, donor type, disease status at transplant,HLA disparity, acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, EM involvement prior to transplantation and conditioning regimen. Factors that were significant at the 0. 10 level on univariate analysis were evaluated by multivariate analysis using a Cox regression. The therapeutic options for EM relapse included local radiation, surgical removal, chemotherapy, donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), second HSCT. Results 164 recipients had sustained engraftment. EM relapse occurred in 9 patients(5.5 %), with a median time to EM relapse of 7.5 months (2.3 to 42.6 months). Ninety-fourpatients (57. 3 % ) developed acute GVHD and 83 (50. 6 % ) chronic GVHD respectively. Four patients died of EM relapse. The following factors were associated with an increased risk of EM relapse by univariate analysis: gender, donor type, disease status at transplant, chronic GVHD, EM involvement prior to transplantation. Only advanced stage of the disease (P＜ 0. 05), absence of chronic GVHD (P＜0. 01) and EM involvement prior to transplantation (P＜0. 01) were identified as being significantly associated with the occurrence of EM relapse by multivariate analysis using a Cox regression. Conclusion Many factors may be involved in the pathogenic mechanism of EM relapse,and among them, immune escape might play a major role. Advanced stage of the disease, absence ofchronic GVHD and EM involvement prior to transplantation were independently associated with an increased risk of EM relapse. EM relapse frequently followed by bone marrow involvement has poor prognosis, and therefore, prevention of leukemic cells spreading from EM sites to bone marrow is vital for long-term survival.

Objective To determine the contents of four effective constituents in Euphorbiae Semen decoction;To provide evidence for Euphorbiae Semen decoction into clinical application. Methods Established quantitative analysis multi-components by single marker method was used to determine the contents of diterpenoids constituents, such as euphorbia storoid, euphorbia factor L2, and euphorbia factor L3. HPLC method was used to determine the contents of aesculetin. Results Contents of euphorbia storoid, euphorbia factor L2, and euphorbia factor L3 in smashed Euphorbiae Semen decoction were 0.015 9%, 0.005 9% and 0.024 1%, respectively. However, the contents of the above three constituents could not be detected in whole Euphorbiae Semen decoction. The content of aesculetin (0.693 6%) in smashed Euphorbiae Semen decoction was more than that in whole Euphorbiae Semen decoction (0.288 2%). Conclusion Decoction digestion effect of diterpenoids constituents in Euphorbiae Semen decoction is not good. Decocting with water is not suitable for the clinical application of Euphorbiae Semen for purgation and diuresis. Aesculetin in smashed Euphorbiae Semen decoction has good decoction digestion effect, in which clinical use for antisepsis and anti-inflammation is effective.

Objective To elucidate the experience and attitude of bad news delivery from nurses to advanced cancer patients, in order to offer better nursing care to the dying cancer patients as well as to provide evidence for end-of-life cancer care. Methods A phenomenological research method of qualitative study was employed in this study. Fifteen nurses caring for dying cancer patients were in-depth interviewed with semi-structured interview guide. Colaizzi analytical method was adopted to collect and analyze the data, which was then organized into themes and subthemes. Results Three themes wereconflict between will and behavior barriers of bad news delivery delivery with comprehensive assessment of dying cancer patients. Conclusions Though the oncology nurses thought the dying cancer patients should be told they were dying, few nurses did that. Communication and hope maintenance related to end-of-life cancer care training should be offered to oncology nurses, as well bad news delivery to ensure cancer patients′safety.

AIM: To establish a gas chromatography method for the determination of sabinene in ledum terpenes from Ledum palustry L. METHODS: 5% SE 30 was adopted as the stationary phase, the temperature of column was set at 65 ?C and FID detector with termperature at 200 ?C . RESULTS: Sabinene in the preparation was gained satisfactory separation and assay under the chromatographic condition. The calibration curve of sabinene was good linear in the range of 0.06 0.60 mg?mL -1 . with the corelation coefficient r=0.9998(n=6) . The average recovery of sabinene was 100.3%, RSD=1.4%, (n=5) . CONCLUSION: The method is simple, highly repeatable and accurate, and it can be used to control the quality of the preparation.