Objective To investigate the clinical value of combined general and gynecological laparoscopy.Methods From March 2003 to December 2006,160 patients with abdominal and gynecological diseases were treated with laparoscopy,including laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)+ salpingostomy in 20,LC + ovarian cystectomy in 24 cases,LC + hysteromyomectomy in 12,LC + hysteromyomectomy and uterine artery blockage in 7,LC + subtotal hysterectomy in 19,LC + total hysterectomy in 11,LC + treatment of endometriosis in 6,laparoscopic appendectomy(LA)+ salpingostomy in 16,LA + ovarian cystectomy in 22,LA + subtotal hysterectomy and total hysterectomy in 18,decortication of liver cysts + ovarian cystectomy in 4,and laparoscopic hepatectomy + adnexectomy in 1.Results Laparoscopic procedures were completed in all the 160 cases without conversion to open surgery.The operation time ranged from 40 to 220 min(mean,120 min),and postoperative hospital stay ranged from 1 to 6 days(mean,3.4 days).No patient had perioperative complications.Among the 160 cases,143 were followed up for 3 to 24 months(mean,19.5),during which 1 developed vaginal stump hemorrhage 10 days after the operation and was cured by conservative therapy,1 experienced vaginal polypi at the stump 2 months postoperation and underwent polyp resection.Conclusions Combined general and gynecological laparoscopy is a promising method for patients with abdominal diseases complicated with gynecological diseases.It is important for surgeons from different departments to deeply understand the indications of laparoscopy,prepare well before operation,and cooperate closely.

The PCR product of PvpA gene was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET41a(+) and the recombinant expression vector was then transformed into E.coli DH5a after identified by restriction enzyme digestion and PCR.The positive recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli BL21 (D3) and induced to express PvpA protein.The obtained protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting,purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography.The results showed that the purified PvpA fusion protein was obtained successfully.The expressed protein reacted to the high anti-PvpA immune serum from rabbit specially by western blotting.This study would be helpful to established a new diagnostic method for the detection of M.gallisepticum.

The chemical structures of mequindox related metabolites in chicken plasma had been investigated using high performance liquid chromatography combined with linear ion trap quadrupole(LC-ESI/LTQ) and high performance liquid chromatography combined with ion trap-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/IT-TOF).Samples were separated by Hypersil BDS C_(18) and symmetry Shield columns, respectively, and 0.01% formic acid aqueous(A) and methanol(B) were used as mobile phase with gradient elution.Electros pray ionization mass spectrometric(ESI) source was used and operated in positive ion mode.When chickens were orally administered with mequindox at dosage of 20 mg/kg, blood samples were collected from the brachi al vein.Mequindox and its metabolites were extracted by the mixture of acetonitrile and acetoacetate (3:2, V/V).After solvent evaporated, the residue was dissolved in 30% methanol aqueous and the solution was detected by LC/IT-TOF MS and LC-ESI/LTQ.The molecule weight from LC-ESI/IT-TOF was analyzed by software Shimadzu's Composition and the mass chromatogram from LC-ESI/LTQ was analyzed by software Xcalibur 2.0.7.According to the molecular weight and MS~n data, referring the metabolic reaction rules, five chemical structures of mequindox related metabolites in chicken plasma were identified.Metabolites (M1-M4) were synthesized to verify the structure of metabolites.The metabolites are 3-methyl-2-(1-hydroxy) ethyl-qui-noxaline-N~1,N~4-dioxide(Ml), 3-methyl-2-(1-hydroxy) ethyl-quinoxaline-N~4-oxide(M2), 3-methyl-2-acetyl-quinoxaline-N~4-oxide, 3-methyl-2-acetyl-quinoxaline (M4), 3-hydroxymethyl-2-(1-hydroxy) ethyl-quinoxa-line-N~1,N~4-dioxide (M5).

New enrofloxacin microspheres were formulated, and their physical properties, lung-targeting ability, and tissue distribution in rats were examined. The microspheres had a regular and round shape. The mean diameter was 10.06 microm, and the diameter of 89.93% of all microspheres ranged from 7.0 microm to 30.0 microm. Tissue distribution of the microspheres was evaluated along with a conventional enrofloxacin preparation after a single intravenous injection (7.5 mg of enrofloxacin/kg bw). The results showed that the elimination half-life (t(1/2beta)) of enrofloxacin from lung was prolonged from 7.94 h for the conventional enrofloxacin to 13.28 h for the microspheres. Area under the lung concentration versus time curve from 0 h to infinity (AUC(0-infinity)) was increased from 11.66 h.microg/g to 508.00 h.microg/g. The peak concentration (Cmax) in lung was increased from 5.95 microg/g to 93.36 microg/g. Three lung-targeting parameters were further assessed and showed that the microspheres had remarkable lung-targeting capabilities.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*adverse effects ; Drug Delivery Systems/instrumentation/*methods ; Female ; Fluoroquinolones/*adverse effects ; Half-Life ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Lung/*drug effects ; Male ; *Microspheres ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Distribution

OBJECTIVEThrough analyzing the typhoid epidemics and to determine and monitor regional resistance characteristics of the shift of drug resistant profile on Salmonella (S.) Typhi, to understand the related epidemiological characteristics of typhoid fever and to provide evidence for the development of strategies, in Guangxi.

METHODSData of typhoid fever from surveillance and reporting system between 1994 to 2013 was collected and statistically analyzed epidemiologically. The susceptibility of 475 S. Typhi isolates from patients on ten antibiotics was tested by broth micro-dilution method and minimum inhibition concentration was obtained and interpreted based on the CLSI standard.

RESULTSFrom 1994 to 2013, a total of 57 928 cases of typhoid fever were reported in Guangxi province with an annual incidence of 6.29/100 000 and mortality as 0.03%. The higher incidence was observed in the population under 20 years of age. There was no significant difference on incidence between male and female, but farmers and students were among the hardest hit groups. More cases were seen from the northern part of the province. Cases appeared all year round with the peak from May to October. A total of 13 major outbreaks during 2001 to 2013 were reported and the main transmission route was water-borne. All the strains were sensitive to third generation cephalosporins cefotaxime and fluoroquinolones norfloxacin. The susceptibility rates to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ampicillin and gentamicin was around 98% but relative lower susceptible rate to ciprofloxacin was seen as 89.89% . The lowest susceptibility was found for streptomycin and sulfamethoxazole agents, with the rates as 67.73% and 65.89% , respectively. One strain was found to have been resistant to ciprofloxacin and another 47 isolates with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Twenty eight isolates were found to be resistant to multiple antibiotics and one displayed ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole tetracycline and nalidixic acid (ACSSxT-NAL) resistance profile. This was the first report in China. Multi-drug resistant strains were frequently isolated from small scale outbreaks of typhoid fever.

CONCLUSIONThe incidence of typhoid fever in Guangxi was still high and some strains showed multi-drug resistance and reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, indicating that the surveillance and monitor programs on drug resistance of S. Typhi should be strengthened, to prevent large scale outbreaks of typhoid fever in this province.

China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Salmonella typhi ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Typhoid Fever ; epidemiology