Objective To provide an additional reference and value for the surgeon to reconstruct the natural and aesthetic breast. Methods Measurements were made in a group of 45 women volunteers aged from 22 to 45 years, who were satisfied with their breasts without any history of breast surgery. After the lateral arch of the breast as the reference value for breast size being chosen, breast-areola to nipple ratio was determined according to parameters measured as follows: weight, height, diameter of the breast, areola, and nipple, distances between the nipple and borders of the breast-superior (to the suprasternal notch), medial arch (to the medial end of the inframammary crease), lateral arch (to the lateral end of the inframammary crease), inferior arch (to the lowest point of the inframammary crease). Correlation factors such as age, weight, height and body mass index (BMI) which may influence the proportion were also considered and analyzed. Results The sample showed that the breast- areola and areola-nipple proportions were about 3.7:1.0 and 3.4:1.0 respectively in the Chinese women population. Weight/BMI had a significant positive correlation with the breast size and areola-nipple proportion, nor did age and height in the sample. Conclusions Breast and areola-nipple complex keeps their optimal proportions, which might be influenced by the factor of overweight. Determination of breast-areola-nipple proportion contributes its aesthetic value to the mammaplasty and reconstruction for the oriental female. The proportion could be used to predict and design the desired breast size during the operation.

Breast cancer is the highest incidence and mortality of malignant tumor in women. Recurrence and distant metastasis are the main cause of death. Zoledronic acid (ZOL) has the potential to inhibit bone resorption characteristics mediated by osteoclast, which not only could suppress tumor cell proliferation and start the apoptosis of tumor cells, but also might interfere the adhesion of cancer cells to bone matrices, thereby could inhibit the migration and invasion of tumor cells. In some preclinical studies zoledronic acid has been demonstrated to have the direct anti-tumor effects on breast cancer. There are different therapeutic effects in treatment with zoledronic acid between the premenopausal and post-menopausal patients with breast cancer. This review summarized basic and clinical research progress of the anti-tumor differentiation effect of zoledronic acid in breast cancer.

Objective To study the effect of computerized pressure hemostat on lower limb deep vein thrombosis in high-risk elderly patients.Methods From September to December 2013,36 orthopedic hospitalized patients who received operations were divided into the hemostat group and the non-hemostat group with 18 patients in each group.D-dimer changes and lower limb deep vein thrombosis were observed in both groups.Results D-dimer was significantly increased in both groups compared with that before operation,but the extent of elevation in the non-hemostat group was lower than that in the hemostat group.D-dimer and cases of lower limb deep vein thrombosis in the hemostat group was higher than those in the non-hemostat group after operation,which showed significant difference.Conclusions The use of computerized pressure hemostat will increase the risk of lower limb deep vein thrombosis in elderly patients,so the technical operation procedures should be strictly enforced accompany with safely use of computerized pressure hemostat.

Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is a micro-scale separation technique which is a hybrid between capillary electrophoresis (CE) and liquid chromatography (LC). CEC can be performed in packed, monolithic and open-tubular columns. In recent three years (from 2016 to 2018), enormous attention for CEC has been the development of novel stationary phases. This review mainly covers the development of novel stationary phases for open-tubular and monolithic columns. In particular, some biomaterials attracted increasing interest. There are no significant breakthroughs in technology and principles in CEC. The typical CEC applications, especially chiral separations are described.

Objective:To optimize the extraction process of Shenqi Lixin capsules through pharmacodynamic evaluation combined with orthogonal experiments with multi-index comprehensive evaluation.Methods:The congestive heart failure(CHF) model was established by intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin in rats,and the LVEDD,LVESD,FS and LVEF of CHF rats were used as the indicators to screen the extraction process of the samples (process A was with the whole decoction of herbs and process B was with heterophylla powder mixed with the other herbs after boiling).The single factor tests and orthogonal tests were used to optimize the extraction process by taking the contents of astragaloside and tanshinone ⅡA and the quality of the decocted material as the indices,and adding water amount,decocting times and duration as the influencing factors.Results:Pharmacodynamic experiments indicated that the improvement effects of the samples from process B on cardiac symptoms and cardiac function in CHF rats were better than that of the samples from process A.The other medicinal materials were decocted by 12-fold amount of adding water,and repeated for 12 times with one hour for each time.The average extraction rate of astragaloside and tanshinone ⅡA was 61.82% and 50.07%,respectively,which was proven by the verification experiments.The average weight of the decoction was 6.02 g.Conclusion:The optimized extraction process of Shenq Lixin capsules is scientific,reasonable,stable and reliable.

OBJECTIVE To analyze for mutations of the PDS gene in patients with sensorineural hearing loss associated with enlarged vestibular aqueduct and analyze the molecular pathogenesis of enlarged vestibular aqueducts. METHODS Eighteen sporadic cases of large vestibular aqueduct syndrome and twelve control individuals with normal hearing were included in this study. Exons 6 and 9 of the PDS gene in all subjects were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS Analysis revealed 2 single base changes in exon 6 of one patient with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome. One was a G→C transversion at nucleotide position 611, and the other was a T→G transversion at nucleotide position 612, resulting in a predicted Gly→Ala substitution at position 204. No mutation in exons 6 and 9 of the PDS gene was found in the PDS gene of the control individuals. CONCLUSION Mutations of the PDS gene are responsible for the large vestibular aqueduct syndrome. Analysis of the PDS leftover sequence in patients with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome is the next step in elucidating the complicated causes of this disease.

Objective To prepare the long-circulating liposomes of paraoxonase(PON).Methods The long-circulating liposomes of paraoxonase were prepared by film dispersion method.The encapsulation efficiency was determined by gel column.The effects of the factors on the encapsulation efficiency,such as the weight ratio of paraoxonase to phospholipid,cholesterol(Choi) to phospholipid,PEG-cholesterol (PEG-Chol) and the iron strength of water phase,were investigated respectively.Then the formulation was optimized by orthogonal design.Results The encapsulation efficiency of the paraoxonase liposomes was 87.66±3.46%,and the average diameter of the liposomes was about 126 nm.There was no significant change on encapsulation efficiency on 15 d at 4 ℃,and the activity of paraoxonase was maintained basically stable.Conclusion The preparation of PEG-modified paraoxonase liposomes was easy and practicable,and the property investigation in vitro showed that the paraoxonase liposomes were stable.

Objective: To assess the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of schisandrin B in mice. Methods: Kun-ming mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: the blank control group, the model control group, the positive control group( dexam-ethasone hydrochloride 5 mg·kg-1,levamisole hydrochloride 30 mg·kg-1), schisandrin B low (100 mg·kg-1), medium (200 mg ·kg-1) and high (400 mg·kg-1) dose groups. The inflammatory mice were induced by xylene and the immunosuppressed mice were induced by cyclophosphamide. The ear edema experiment, carbon clearance experiment and serum hemolysin experiment were per-formed with the swelling rate, swelling inhibition rate, carbon clearance index, phagocytic index, half hemolytic value, spleen index and thymus index as the investigation factors. Results: High dose and medium dose schisandrin B groups had significant inhibitory effect on mice ear edema when compared with the model control group(P<0. 05);There were significant differences between the high dose group and the positive group and there were significant differences in clearance index and phayxyitc index between high dose group and low dose group(P<0. 05), and high dose schisandrin B group had increased clearance index and phagocytic index in low immune function mice when compared with the model control group (P<0.05). Schisandrin B significantly increased HC50in low immune function mice when compared with the model control group (P<0. 01). Schisandrin B significantly increased the spleen index and thy-mus index in low immune function mice when compared with the model control group ( P<0. 01,and in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Schisandrin B has significant anti-inflammatory and immune function enhancing effects.

OBJECTIVETo introduce an operation for fingertip reconstruction.

METHODSThe vascularity of the reverse dorsal island flap is augmented by performing an arteriovenous anastomosis between the dorsal vein in the flap and a digital artery at the fingertip. The flap was used in ten patients for reconstruction of their fingertip defects.

RESULTSAll the ten flaps survived and the appearance was good.

CONCLUSIONThe method is easy except for the necessity of performing standard microvascular surgery. The flap is a good option for repairing fingertip defects.

Objective To evaluate the effect of azitromycin upon the bronchiolitis obliterans and T helper (Th)17/regulatory T cell (Treg) balance after lung transplantation. Methods Twenty-four specific pathogen free(SPF) C57BL/6 mice were used as the donors and 48 Balb/c mice were utilized as the recipients. The Balb/c mice were randomly divided into the control (C group), azitromycin control (Cazm group), transplantation (T group) and transplantation + azitromycin groups (Tazm group), 12 mice in each group. In the T and Tazm groups, heterotopic tracheal transplantation models were established to simulate bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplantation. From 1 d post-transplantation, intragastric administration of azitromycin was given at a dose of 30 mg/kg three times per week in the Cazm and Tazm groups. At 14 and 28 d after transplantation, the transplanted trachea was removed and peripheral blood was collected. The tracheal sample was prepared for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining for pathological observation. The expression levels of ROR-γt and Foxp3 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in the peripheral blood were quantitatively measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The variation in the related cytokines levels of Th17 cells and Treg in the plasma was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results After heterotopic tracheal transplantation, compared with the C group, thetracheal occlusion accompanied with inflammatory infiltration was observed in the T and Tazm groups. The severity of relevant symptoms in the Tazm group was slighter than that in the T group. Compared with the T group, the expression level of ROR-γt mRNA in the Tazm group was significantly down-regulated (P<0.05). No statistical significance was identified in the expression of Foxp3 mRNA between two groups (P>0.05). Compared with the T group, the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17 cytokines in the Tazm group were significantly down-regulated (all P<0.05). Conclusions Persistent therapy of azitromycin can delay the progression of bronchiolitis obliterans after transplantation, which is probably associated with inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation and inflammation.