Objective Abdominal pain, shoulder pain, and incision pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( LC) are com-mon complaints of the patients.This study was to observe the effects of pulmonary recruitment ( PR) in reducing post-LC abdominal pain, shoulder pain, and incision pain. Methods A total of 138 patients treated by LC were randomly assigned to a PR ( n=67) and a control group (n=71).The former underwent postoperatively five 5-second-long manual inflations of the lungs by positive pres-sure ventilation with 40 cmH2 O to discharge CO2 from the abdominal cavity, while the latter received traditional passive deflation of CO2 .At 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after surgery, we recorded the incidences of abdominal pain, shoulder pain, and incision pain and as-sessed the pain intensity using the visual analogue scale ( VAS) . Results Compared with the control group at 12 and 24 h after sur-gery, the PR group showed significant decreases in the incidence rate of upper abdominal pain (90.14%vs 74.63%and 91.55%vs 73.13%, both P<0.05), with VAS scores of 4.32 ±2.73 vs 2.72 ±1.67 and 4.04 ±2.55 vs 2.67 ±1.49 (both P<0.05), as well as in that of shoulder pain (56.34% vs 47.76% and 74.65% vs 56.72%, both P<0.05), with VAS scores of 3.68 ±3.10 vs2.61 ±1.97 and 4.15 ±3.23 vs 2.78 ±1.88, both P <0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the incidence or severity of incision pain between two groups at any time points after surgery (P>0.05). Conclusion Pulmonary recruitment can re-duce the incidence rates and severity of upper abdominal pain and shoulder pain, but has no effect in alleviating incision pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Not only calmodulin (CAM) with Ca2+ regulates the activity of many enzymes and proteins, but also free-CaM (no Ca2+bound) and Ca2+-independent CaM-binding proteins play roles in plant and animal cells. There is no in vivo method to identify the interaction between free-CaM and Ca2+-independent CaM-binding protein (CaMBP). Using site-directed mutagenesis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 5 mutant Arabidopsis calmodulin isoform 2 (AtCaM2) genes, mCaM21, mCoM212,mCaM2123, mCaM2124 and mCaM21234 were obtained. The mutant mCaM2 encoded glutamine in place of glutamate (E32Q; E68Q; E105Q; E141Q) in one or more EF-hand Ca2+-binding motifs of AtCaM2. The recombinant mCaM2 proteins were produced in Escherichia coli, and subsequently separated on SDS-PAGE in the presence of Ca2+ or EGTA, their electrophoresis mobilities were related with that of mutant EF-hand motifs. 45Ca2+ overlay analysis indicated that the more glutamate replaced by glutamine, the lower affinity with Ca2+ in the mCaM2 proteins. The mCaM21234 mutant protein (E32Q; E68Q; E105Q;E141Q) was unable to bind Ca2+. Using yeast two-hybrid technique with mCaM21234 as bait, it was possible to see interaction in Arabidopsis of AtCaM2 with IQD26, a calcium-independent CaM-binding protein. Site-directed mutation of AtCaM2 will aid the research of Ca2+, CaM and Ca2+-independent CaMBPs in plant biological processes.

Objective The effectiveness of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) in clearing cytokines and reducing mortality in endotoxic shock is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of CVVH on hemodynamies and plasma proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-?, IL-6, IL-10) during endotoxic shock in sheep. Methods Twelve male sheep weighing 14.5-20.5 kg were randomly divided into two groups of six animals :(A) control group and (B) CVVH group. Endotoxin (L-2880 sigma) 1 mg?kg-1 was infused intravenously(i.v. ) over 30 min and lactated Ringer's solution at 15 mlf44kg-1 f44h-1 for 6h in both groups. In CVVH group (B) CVVH was used for 5 h starting from 1h after the beginning of endotoxin infusion. The animals were anesthetized with midazolam and vecuronium. After tracheal intubation the animals were mechanically ventilated. Femoral artery was cannulated for continuous direct BP monitoring. 5F Swan-Ganz catheter was inserted into pulmonary artery via right internal jugular vein. Cardiac output ( CO), stroke volume ( SV), cardiac index (CI), MPAP, PAWP, SVRI, PVRI and LVSWI were measured, calculated and recorded before endotoxin infusion (T0 , baseline) and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 210 and 360 min (T6) after endotoxin infusion was started. Blood and ultrafiltrate samples were taken at T6 for determination of TNF-a,IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations. Results MAP and SVRI were significantly decreased while HR and SVRI were significantly increased after T, in both groups. MAP and SVRI were significantly higher at T6 in CVVH group than in control group ( P

Objective To investigate the relationship of diet habits and health consciousness with essential hypertension in the rural residents of different economic levels in Hebei Province. Methods Cases aged 35-year old and over from Jizhou,Hebei province were selected by means of random stratified sampling in different economic levels. Results The crude prevalence rates were 44.93% in lower economic level and 36.55% in higher economic level. There were significant differences in prevalence rates of hypertension between the different economic levels(?2=31.846,P

Objective To investigate the characteristics of interactive effects of magnetic field of two intensities combined with high-temperature and noise simulating ship environment. Methods Orthogonal trial design of three factors and two levels and variance analysis method were employed. The rabbits and rats were grouped into eight combined exposure groups and eight controls, respectively, according to orthogonal table L_8 (2~7). Animals in all groups underwent the experiments and the indices were determined at the same time. Results Analysis of the radius of capillary vessels on rabbit's conjunctiva and HSP70 of rat's liver and spleen showed that magnetic field was the dominant factor (P

Abstract: Objective To establish a method for detecting sdaB virulence gene of Streptococcus pyogenes with loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Methods According to the conserved sequence of Streptococcus pyogenes sdaB gene published in GenBank (GenBank: 69901515), LAMP primers were designed with Primer Explorer V5.0 software. Main components of LAMP reaction system were optimized including of fluorescent dye, MgSO4, betaine, deoxyribonucleosidetriphosphate (dNTP), and Bst DNA polymerase, with the concentration of MgSO4 from 0 mmol/L to 12 mmol/L, betaine from 0 mol/L to 2.4 mol/L, dNTP from 0.2 µmol/L to 2 µmol/L, forward inner primer (FIP) and backward inner primer (BIP) from 0.2 µmol/L to 2 µmol/L respetively, forward outer primer (F3) and backward outer primer (B3) from 0.2 µmol/L to 0.4 µmol/L, Bst DNA polymerase from 0.16 U/µL to 0.96 U/µL, fluorescent dye from 0.2 µmol/L to 2 µmol/L. With the optimized system, the methodological specificity and the minimum detection limit were evaluated on the ABI7500 real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR analyzer, and 13 standard strains including Group A Streptococcus, Group B Streptococcus, Group C Streptococcus, Group G Streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus viridis, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected. Finally, 103 clinical samples were tested. Results The optimized reaction system contained 25 µL reaction mixture, including 0.8 µL of 25 µmol/L fluorescent dye, 1 µL of 100 mmol/L MgSO4, 6 µL of 5 mol/L betaine, 1.4 µL of 25 mmol/L dNTP, 2 µL of 20 µmol/L FIP and BIP, 0.5 µL of 20 µmol/L F3 and B3, 1 µL of 8 U/µL Bst DNA polymerase, and 2 µL of template. After adding deionized water, the mixture was incubated at 63°C for 45 min to complete the reaction. The limit of detection (LOD) was 500 pg/µL. All 12 non-S. pyogenes strains tested were negative. Compared with the culture method, the clinical sensitivity and specificity were 100.0% (16/16) and 96.6% (84/87), respectively, for 103 clinical samples. Conclusions This LAMP assay is reliable for the detection of Streptococcus pyogenes in clinic and is suitable for field detection with good specificity and sensitivity, as well as simply operation.

ObjectiveTo detect the expressions of Toll-like receptor(TLR) 7 and 9 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) from patients with vitiligo and their significance.Methods Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative reverse transcription-PCR was performed to detect the expressions of TLR7 and TLR9 mRNA in PBMCs from 50 patients with vitiligo and 25 normal human controls.Two-sample t test was conducted by using SPSS 11.5 software to compare the expression difference of TLR7 and TLR9 mRNA between the patients and controls.ResultsThe mRNA expression level (the ratio of the absolute copy number of a target gene to a control gene) of TLR7 and TLR9 in PBMCs were significantly higher in patients with vitiligo than in the normal human controls(0.85 ± 1.90 vs.0.44 ± 1.18,P ＜ 0.05; 0.94 ± 2.25 vs.0.11 ±0.31,P ＜ 0.01 ).No significant difference was observed in the expression level of TLR7 or TLR9 mRNA in PBMCs between patients with stable and active vitiligo,or between patients with localized and generalized vitiligo(both P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionsThe expression level of TLR7 and TLR9 mRNA is elevated in PBMCs from patients with vitiligo,which may be involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.

Excessive and fast rise of medical expenses in China recent years has worsened the financial burden of both the government and individuals alike,making it a hotspot issue countrywide.To alleviate the difficulties of "accessibility to medical services" and "poverty or repoverty resulting from sickness" faced by the Chinese people at large,we built a multi-factor analysis model to identify key factors contributing to such a fast rise of medical expenses based on an analysis of the medical expenses in Shandong Province.In addition,we discussed the causes for GDP and headcount of medical staff in relation to the rise of medical expenses,and the strategies to curb expenses.

Objective To study the effectiveness of ultrasonography in thyroidnodule disease detection and malignant/benign lesion differentiation during health check-up.Method Thyroid examination data of Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH)staff over the last 6 years were retrospectively reviewed.The results of thyroidnodule scanning by using ultrasonography were compared with the findings of physical examinations.Results Among 6348 health check-up receivers from 2006 to 2010,450 were found to have thyroidnodule(detection rate 7.09％).Twenty malignant lesions were confirmed in histological examinations(mean detection rate per year 0.38％).In 2011,1706 thyroid glands were scanned by both physical examination and ultrasonography,and 525 thyroidnodules were identified(detection rate 30.77％).Surgical operations were performed for 22 suspected malignant tumors,and 18 malignant lesions were finally confirmed(detection rate 1.06％).Conclusion Ultrasonography can improve the detection of thyroidnodule.Irregular shape,microcalcification,and rich blood-flow may indicate malignant nodules.

BACKGROUND: The survival rate of articular chondrocytes is low after traditional cryopreservation,and great differences existed in chondrocytes from surface layer and deep layer,which easily result in graft degeneration and lead to surgery failure.OBJECTIVE: To establish rabbit allograft models of graded frozen articular cartilages with holes made before cryopreservation and to observe the effect of holed cryopreservation on the rabbit articular cartilages.METHODS: Osteochondral plugs taken aseptically from 2 months old rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: the experimental group,making holes(3 mm× 3 mm)in articular cartilages and graded freezing; non-hole graded freezing group,non-making holes and graded freezing; cryopreservation group: non-making holes and rapid freezing.The grafts were thawed and transplanted into the relevant articular cartilage defects of recipient rabbits.The grafts differences were observed by gross observation,histochemistry and immunohistochemistry staining.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The gross observation,histochemistry and immunohistochemistry staining of the experimental group were superior to the cryopreservation group.Though there were no significant differences between the non-hole graded freezing group and the experimental group,however,the experimental group enhanced the protective effect on cartilage tissue in the middle layer.The graded cryopreservation of articular cartilage gets an advantage over rapid cryopreservation.And the articular cartilage with holes could be preserved successfully in graded cryopreservation,which assures the survival and function of chondrocytes and slows down degrading process of the articular cartilage tissue after thawed and transplanted.