Objective To study the correlation between bone marrow edema (BME), the amount of joint fluid and clinical symptoms in order to strengthen further understandings about clinical significance of BME in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Methods Fifty-seven patients (91 hips) with ONFH proved by clinical follow-up or pathology were examined by conventional radiography, 1.5 T MRI, and radionuclide imaging. BME, necrotic area, and joint fluid were analyzed respectively in ONFH with pre- or post-collapse of the femoral head and different MR signal intensities within necrotic area.Results ①The characteristic “line-like sign” appeared on MRI in 88 of 91 affected hips, and BME was seen in the distal zone away from line(s) in 61 hips, extending to the femoral neck and intertrochanteric region. ②The ratio of the occurance of BME in the collapse was greater than that in noncollapse, and in mixed signals within necrotic area without collapse greater than pure fat-like signal (P0.05), and both were greater than noncollapse without BME (P

Objective To study the clinical, radiologic and pathologic characteristics and diagnostic methods of telangiectatic osteosarcoma for further improving the diagnostic ability.Methods The data of 10 patients with histologically proved telangiectatic osteosarcomas were retrospectively reviewed, and the clinical, radiologic and pathologic characteristics were further analysed in combination with the literature.All 10 patients were examined with X-ray and MRI, and 2 patients with CT.Results Telangiectatie osteosarcomas originated from inferior femur in 5 patients, femur neck in 1 patients, superior humerus in 2 patients and superior segment of tibia in 2 patients.The lesions showed osteolytic bone destruction on X-ray films (n = 10) and CT images ( n = 2), with mild bone expansion in 4 patients.The majority of the edge of the destroyed bone areas was unclear but without sclerotic rim.There were Codman's triangle and soft tissue mass in each patient but no obvious neoplastic bone forming.On MRI, all the lesions were mostly or completely constituted by the multiple cysts with periostnal reaction, and several scatteredly smaller liquid-liquid levels were found within cystic cavity in 7 patients.In all 10 cases, there were pathologic hemocoele similar to aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC), but malignant tumor cells and some neoplastic bones were found in cystic walls or septations.Only a small number of neoplastic bone tissue were seen by microscopy in 6 patients.Conclusions The radio-pathologic characteristics of telangiectatic osteosarcoma include the similar imaging findings of ABC, the common growth patterns of malignant tumors,and the pathologic hemocoele, malignant tumor cells within cystic wails or septations.The comprehensive analysis of clinical, radiologic and pathological data may help clinicans to make a correct diagnosis for telangiectatic nsteosareoma.

Objectiye To measure longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2 ) relaxation time of metabolites in m. soleus (SOL) and m. tibialis anterior TA of healthy volunteers at 3.0 T through 1H-MRS and optimize measurement protocols. Methods Altogether 24 healthy volunteers were recruited in the study. All subjects signed a letter of informed consent. After divided into 2 groups randomly by the table of random number, 1H-MRS measurements with stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) sequence were undertaken in SOL and TA separately. Progressive saturation method was used for T1 measurement. Spectra with 8 different TRs (770,900,1000, 1100,1200,1500,2000 and 3000ms ) were acquired with TE=20 ms.T2 time was measured by changing TE. Altogether 8 TEs (20,30,45,60,90,135,200 and 270 ms) were used with TR = 3000 ms. Metabolites' concentration was calculated through T1 and T2 correction using water as internal reference. The t test was used for statisties. Results Altogether 22 groups of data were gained ( 12 for SOL, 10 for TA ) . T1 value of water, Creatine-CH3 ( Cr3 ), Trimethyl amonium ( TMA ),extramyocellular lipid (EMCL) and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) in SOL were ( 1384. 0 ± 36. 9 ),( 1064. 0 ± 167.0), (964. 2 ± 144. 0 ), ( 373.0 ± 46. 8 ), ( 374. 7 ± 20. 6) ms respectively and T2 value were (26.5 ±1.2), (100.2±19.3), (149. 1 ±32.7), (81.4±5.2), (84.7±4.2) ms. InTA T1 value of water, Cr3, TMA, EMCL, and IMCL were ( 1307. 0 ± 24.4), (945.7 ± 132. 0), (968.3 ± 127. 0),(372. 7 ± 39. 2), (412. 8 ±80. 2) ms respectively and T2 value were (27. 1 ± 0. 9), (135.3 ± 18. 2 ),(62.1 ± 6. 0), ( 84. 3 ± 4. 0 ), ( 90. 7 ± 3.2 ) ms. After corrected by the calculated relaxation times, the concentrations of Cr3 in SOL and TA were (33. 1 ± 3.7) and (31.7 ± 3. 1 ) mmol/kg respectively, TMA (35.2±3.2) and (32.9 ±5.2) mmol/kg, EMCL (12.2 ±5.0) and (8.9 ±4.9) mmol/kg, IMCL (9. 0 ± 2. 4) and (3.0 ± 0. 8 ) mmoL/kg. IMCL in TA was much lower than SOL with statistical significant ( t = 8. 044, P < 0. 01 ), the difference between other metabolites were not statistically significant( t = 0. 926,1. 264, 1. 542, P > 0. 05 ) . Conclusions Accurate relaxation time was measured at 3.0 T of the metabolites in skeletal muscles of healthy adult human. After corrected by the relaxation times, the absolute concentrations calculated were consistent with the reported results. Quantitative knowledge of muscle NMR relaxation time was a prerequisite for absolute quantification of metabolites using the 1H-MRS and also was useful for optimizing measurement protocols.

Objective To establish regression m odel betw een craniofacial lines and body height by m ea-suring craniofacial lines in Southw est H an m ales using C Tand to accum ulate data for the study of foren-sic anthropology. Methods H ead C Tdata of 273 H an m ales in Southw est w ere collected and 7 cranio-facial lines w ere determ ined. M ultiplanar reconstruction and volum e rendering w ere perform ed by im age post-processing softw are and the selected lines w ere m easured. The relationship betw een each m easuring indicator and body height w as analyzed using SPSS 21.0 softw are. The regression equation of body height estim ation w as established and 50 sam ples w ere selected again and put into the m athem atics m odels to verify its accuracy. Results The linear regression equations of 7 lines w ere established (P<0.05). The correlation coefficients of the unary linear regression equations w ere 0.190-0.439 and the standard errors of the estim ate (SEE) w ere 4.597-5.023 cm . The correlation coefficients of the m ultiple linear regression equation w ere 0.494-0.524 and the SEEw ere 4.418-4.458 cm . The return tests show ed that the highest ±1SEEaccuracy of the m ultiple regression equation:y=83.959+3.589 x6+2.573 x2, w ere 30%;and the highest ±2SEEaccuracy of the m ultiple regression equation: y=72.646+3.316 x6+1.586 x2+1.553 x4+2.211 x3, w ere 92% . Conclusion There is significant linear correlation betw een 7 selected lines and the stature in this study, and the plural linear regression equation established could be applied for estim ating the stature of Southw est H an m ales.

Objective To identify the mutation of trafficking protein particle complex 2 (TRAPPC2) gene in a large Chinese pedigree with X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda by the PCR-based capillary electrophoresis methods.Methods The blood samples were collected from a large Chinese pedigree of three generations with six affected persons with X-SEDT.Four exons comprising the TRAPPC2 gene open reading frame as well as their exor/intron boundaries were analyzed by argrose electrophoresis and bidirectional direct sequencing of PCR products.Fluorescence labeled fragment analysis was performed by capillary electrophoresis.Results A 5-bp deletion mutation of TRAPPC2 gene in exon 5,c.262_266delGACAT (D88del; I89fX12),was identified in the proband and his unaffected mother(a heterozygote) in the Chinese family with X-SEDT,but no other sequence change occurring in exons 3,4 and 6 was detected.The old sister of proband was determined being carriers because she carries the deletion fragment allele of exon 5 PCR product and the young sister being normal individuals because she carries the wild allele of TRAPPC2 gene.Conclusions The mutation c.262_266delGACAT (D88del; I89fX12) of TRAPPC2 gene was firstly reported in Chinese people.The mutation of c.262_266delGACAT (D88del; I89fX12) in TRAPPC2 gene may be the pathologic cause of the patients in the X-SEDT pedigree.Fragment analysis combined with DNA sequencing by capillary electrophoresis method is effective laboratory test in the small deletion mutation analysis and carriers screening in X-SEDT family.

Objective To describe MR findings in inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor(IMT)of the soft tissue.Methods MR manifestations of 11 cases of IMT of the soft tissue were retrospectively analyzed,and the MR findings were correlated with surgical and histological results.Results The pathological classification of the tumors was type Ⅰ in 1 case,type Ⅱ in 4 cases.mainly type Ⅱ admixed with type Ⅰ in 3 cases,and mainly type Ⅱ admixed with type Ⅲ in 3 cases.In 4 cases with primary tumor,the tumors were spheroid in shape,with well-defined margin and pseudocapsule.In 2 cases with primary axillary tumor and 5 cases with recurrent tumor,the tumors were irregular in shape,with ill-defined margin and invasion of adjacent structures.The tumors were mainly isointensive in T1-weighted images.Tumors of different pathological classifications had different signal intensities in T2-weighted images:1 case of type Ⅰ tumor was bright:4 cases of type Ⅱ tumor and 3 cases of type Ⅱ tumor admixed with type Ⅰ tumor were slig}ltly bright;3 cases of type Ⅱ tumor admixed with type Ⅲ were isointense or slightly hypointense in signal.All of the 11 eases in the study exhibited"pitaya cross-section sign"in T2-weighted sequence,which referred to discrete punctuate foci of relatively hypointensity in the background of hyperintensity,slightly hypointensity or isointensity.All of the 11 cases exhibited inhomogeneously significant enhancement after gadolinium administration.In the follow-up of the 6 cases of primary tumor,4 cases had recurrence,1 case had no recurrence,and 1 ease was lost in the follow-up process.In the follow-up of the 5 cases of recurrent tumor,4 cases showed recurrence again,and 3 cases were lost in the follow-up process.Conclusions The IMT of the soft tissue has characteristic MR features.The signal intensity of the tumor on T2-weighted sequence could reflect the pathological type of the tumor to some extent."pitaya cross-section sign"could be a pathogenomic sign of the IMT of the soft tissue.

BACKGROUND: Traditional repair for Achilles tendon rupture has disadvantages of long cast immobilization times, poor outcomes and many complications.OBJECTIVE: To explore the safety and efficacy of early isokinetic rehabilitation training for patients after repair of Achilles tendon ruptures.METHODS: A total of 11 patients with Achilles tendon ruptures received treatments at the Department of Orthopedics, East District of Qingdao Municipal Hospital, from September 2007 to September 2009, were included. Nine of them underwent 8-week isokinetic exercises by using lsomed-2000 at 4 weeks after tendon repair. The evaluative indicators included Arner-Lindholm score, the ankle range of motion, and extensor-flexor peak torque.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The follow-up averaged 6 months, ranging from 3 to 12 months. The excellent and good rate of Arner-Lindholm score was 88.9%. The results showed a significant improvement in the ankle range of motion and extensor-flexor peak torque (P < 0.05). There were no infection or re-rupture cases. It is indicated that early isokinetic rehabilitation is safe and effective for patients with Achilles tendon ruptures at 4 weeks postoperatively. It provides evidence for early rehabilitation in patients with Achilles tendon ruptures.

Objective To explore the function and clinical effect of automatic nerve retractor in micro-endoscopic discectomy.Methods From August 2009 to December 2010,350 patients with lumbar disc hemiation were treated by micro-endoscopic discectomy,including 196 males and 154 females,aged from 17 to 68 years (average,42 years).Three cases were at L1-2,8 at L2-3,12 at L3-4,186 at L4-5 and 141 at L5S1.The automatic nerve retractor was used in all micro-endoscopic discectomy.The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were used to evaluate clinical outcomes.Results All patients were followed up for 6 to 16 months (average,9 months).The mean VAS score decreased from preoperative 8.79±1.15 to 3.80±1.14 3 months after operation and 3.65±1.14 6 months after operation.The mean ODI score decreased from preoperative 78％±1.71％ to 28％±1.72％ 3 months after operation and 28％±1.88％ 6 months after operation.Postoperative VAS and ODI scores decreased significantly compared with those before operation.The VAS and ODI scores 6 months after operation were not significantly improved compared with those 3 months after operation.No spinal cord and nerve root injury and epidural hematoma formation occurred in all cases.Conclusion In micro-endoscopic discectomy,the automatic nerve retractor can help the operator obtain effective exposure,protect nerves from injury,alleviate workload of the operators,therefore it has a great clinical application value.

A total of 101 honey samples that originated from 20 different unifloral honey and other multifloral honey samples were collected from China.FT-NIR spectrometer were applied to determinate the content of fructose and glucose of honey with two different modes: transflectance (800-2500 nm, 2 mm optical path length) and transmittance (800-1370 nm, 20 mm optical path length).It was found that the prediction accuracy of fructose and glucose had significant difference with the two modes.In order to analyze the reason of this difference, support vector machine (SVM) was used to analyze the non-linear information, and genetic algorithm (GA) was used to analyze the characteristic wavelengths.The result indicated that the detection difference of fructose and glucose was originated from their different characteristic wavelengths.Through the optimization of detection method, it was found that for the determination of glucose, short wavelength and long optical path length should be used, on the other side, the whole wavelength region and short wavelength, with selecting the characteristic wavelength to avoid the disturb of water can also be used.For the determination of fructose, whole wavelength region and short optical path length should be used.Linear regression methods such as PLSR could obtain good results, and non-linear methods such as SVM did not improve the model performance.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the blood flow values generated from MR arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion imaging and pathologic indicators of angiogenesis including microvascular density (MVD) counts and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression levels of VX2 carcinoma in rabbit soft tissue. Methods VX2 tumor was inoculated in the muscular tissue of right posterior limbs of 18 healthy New Zealand white rabbits ,on which arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging was performed by using flow sensitive alternating inversion recovery pulse sequence 3 to 4 weeks later. Arterial spin labeling images were transferred to an independent computer for post-processing and blood flow (BF) maps were generated from them. BF values were measured in 2-4 regions of interest (ROIs) for each tumor. The rabbits were sacrificed after MR imaging. The gross specimens of tumors were obtained and tumor tissues were taken from the non-necrotic regions corresponding to ROIs on BF maps. Immunohistochemical staining of the specimens was performed by using CD31 monoclonal antibody to calculate MVD counts, using VEGF antibody to calculate VEGF expression levels. Correlation between BF values and MVD counts as well as between BF values and VEGF expression levels was evaluated using Spearman correlative analysis.Results On BF maps, viable tumor tissues showed high BF values compared with muscle, but there were areas without blood perfusion in some tumors. Under microscope, the microvessels positively stained by CD31 appeared as light brown areas, and the cells positively staied by VEGF showed reddish brown areas within their cytoplasm. Totally 39 pieces of VX2 tumor tissue were analyzeed There was a significant positive correlation between the BF values(M =6. 4 ml · 100 g-1 · min-1 ) and MVD counts(M =6. 8) (r = 0. 906,P ＜ 0. 01 ), and no significant correlation between BF values and VEGF expression levels ( M = 8％ ) ( r =0. 116, P=0.483). Conclusion BF value can be used in evaluating angiogenesis of soft tissue tumor through its reflection of MVD counts, and thus may be helpful in evaluating the prognosis of soft tissue tumor and making plan for their treatment.