This article reviews the progress of biomechanical studies on anterior cervical fusion and non-fusion surgery in recent years. The similarities and differences between animal and human cervical spines as well as the major three biomechanical test methods are introduced. Major progresses of biomechanical evaluation in anterior cervical fusion and non-fusion devices, hybrid surgery, coupled motion and biomechanical parameters, such as the instant center of rotation, are classified and summarized. Future development of loading method, multilevel hybrid surgery and coupling character are also discussed.
Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Humans ; Rotation ; Spinal Fusion ; methods

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor( GIST)is the most common gastrointestinal mesenchymal neoplasm and accounts approximately 18% of all mesenchymal neoplasms and 1% of all gastrointestinal neoplasms. Morbidity of GIST is about 1-2 per hundred thousand per year. The recurrence rate 5 years after complete resection of malignant GIST is up to 50%,and the median survival of metastatic GIST is only 9 months. Nowadays,endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)is the first choice management for upper digestive tract GIST with diameter ≤2 cm,however,because of its high degree malignancy,surgical resection is the choice for GIST with diameter > 2 cm,and adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors can be used in case with high risks and difficulties in surgical removal. This article reviewed the advances in study on treatment of GIST.

Objective To evaluate the surgical methods and the results of treatment for open achilles tendon ruptures.Methods 56 patients with open achilles tendon ruptures were treated by Tsuge stuture or auxileary repair with free deep-fascia circuitously.Results 52 cases had the excellent results,3 case had the middle results,1 case had poor results that marginal skin of the wound were necrosis and subinfection.Conclusion It has a good effect that the open achilles tendon ruptures are treated by modified Tsuge stuture or auxileary repair with free deep-fascia circuitously.

The objective of the experiment was to separate neural stem cells from fetal rat brain by using immunomagnetic beads, and to study their morphology and marker on cell membrane. Cell suspension of the fetal rat cerebral cortex was incubated with antibody against Nestin and the labeled cells were separated through magnetic field by immunomagnetic beads coated with the second antibody. We determined the purity of the separated cells and the cell activity by light microscopy and detected the Nestin expression ratio of the sorted cells by flow cytomety. The morphology of neural stem cells was observed with a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the purity of the separated cells was 87 8%%+2 4%, the activity of the cells was 94 8%+2 3%, and the Nestin expression ratio of the sorted cells was 88 3%+1 04%. Binding of the sorted cells to beads was shown under scanning electron microscope.Our conclusions are the magnetic cell sorting system we used can effectively separate neural stem cells from the cerebral cortex cell suspension and maintain their activity. The sorted cells can be used in the subsequent experiments.

Objective To investigate the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax protein in the renal tissues of patients with lupus nephritis(LN)and their role in the pathology alteration of LN.Methods During 2003-01～2003-04 immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in renal tissues of 44 cases of LN in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University.Their relationship with pathology was also observed.Results (1)The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was significantly increased and both were positively correlated with the grade of intraglomerular cell proliferation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)positive glomerular cells.(2)The expression of Bcl-2 in interstitial cells was significantly increased and positively correlated with the degree of interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells.(3)The expression of Bax in the tubule of LN was increased and was positively associated with tubulointerstitial lesions.Conclusion There is abnormal expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in renal tissues of LN.Overexpression of Bcl-2 in renal tissues of LN might play an important role in the process of glomerular hypercellularity and interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells.Overexpression of Bax in tubular ducts is correlated with tubulointerstitial lesions.

Hepatic perfusion parameters play an important role in detecting and diagnosing diffusion diseases of liver. Based on a hemodynamic model. In this study, we described a fast and accurate method to calculate the perfusion parameters. First, we used a dual-input one-compartment kinetics model to illustrate the distribution of the contrast agent concentration among the body. Then, we used the Gaussian function to fit the scatter concentration data of portal vein and aorta, to obtain a liver agent concentration on function of time. Finally, we solved the model parameters by using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, and calculated the perfusion parameters. The results showed that the method proposed in this study could calculate the parameters precisely, and had a prosperous future application possibility.
Algorithms ; Contrast Media ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Liver ; physiology ; Models, Biological ; Perfusion

Objective To investigate the relationship between dystrobrevin binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) gene polymorphisms and cognitive function in patients with recurrent depressive disorder.Methods 49 recurrent depressive disorder patients and 60 age-,gender-and education-matched normal controls were recruited in this case-control study.Clinical symptoms were evaluated by HAMD and Wechsler adult memory scale,Wisconsin card sorting test,trail making test(TMT),verbal fluency test (VFT),S troop colorword test were used to evaluate cognitive function.The gene polymorphisms of DTNBP1 were determined by PCR-RFLP technique.SPSS 16.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results The distributions of genotypes in the patients and controls were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P＞0.05).The time in trail making A task (73.4±30.5 vs 56.2± 11.7),the digital Span (9.6±2.3 vs 8.1±3.0),visual reproduction (9.6±2.3 vs 7.4±3.1),paired association learning (9.7±2.2 vs 6.1±4.2) and Spilling forward (9.1 ±2.4 vs 7.2±2.9) in Wechsler adult memory scale,the categories completed (1.8 ± 1.6 vs 2.5 ± 1.8),total trials (47.6± 1.1 vs 47.3± 0.7) and error numbers (28.5±5.3 vs 24.1±9.3) in WCST performs,and the word meaning interference score (18.4±9.0 vs 25.3±9.5) in Stroop color-word test were monitored.Patients with the genotype of rs9476867 G/G got higher interference number than patients with DTNBP1 rs9476867 C/G and C/C,and patients with the genotype of rs16876738 A/G spent more time to finish TMT-A than patients with rs16876738 G/G and A/A.G/G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of rs9476867 and A/G SNP of rs16876738 affected attention ability.Conclusion DTNBP 1 gene polymorphisms are correlated with cognitive function in recurrent depressive disorder patients.

BACKGROUND:The basic idea of artificial disc replacement is the intension to minimize the impact on adjacent segments based on the premise of stabilizing index segment, then prevent and reduce the incidence of adjacent segment degeneration.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the indications and contraindications of artificial disc replacement, peri-operative
economics considerations, long-term complications, as wel as the effect of artificial lumbar disc replacement combined with fusion surgery.
METHODS:The PubMed database, CNKI database and SinoMed database over the past decade were searched for the related articles. The retrospective and prospective clinical trials of artificial lumbar disc replacement were included. Repetitive studies and stale perspectives were excluded. A total of 34 articles were summarized and analyzed in the end.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Since the first artificial lumbar disc prosthesis designed to be commercial y
distributed in 1982, there have been a plenty of clinical trials on lumbar disc replacement. However, there is no
answer to many problems that encountered in clinical trials. The effect of the number of replaced segment on the clinical outcomes, the effect of facet joint degeneration on the clinical outcomes, selection of the patients with the history of lumbar disc surgery, age of the patients and the rest time before disc replacement should be taken into consideration in the researches on indications and contraindications of artificial disc replacement. The
intraoperative blood loss, operation time and hospital stay after replacement can be used to evaluate whether lumbar disc replacement is better than the traditional lumbar fusion surgery or not. The complications after lumbar disc
replacement include heterotopic ossification, implants mechanical failure, and facet joint and adjacent segment
degeneration. The combination of lumbar disc replacement and fusion surgery for the treatment of multi-segmental lumbar disc diseases can achieve complement and thus obtaining the efficacy that better than the application of one surgery alone.

BACKGROUND:Artificial Lumbar disc replacement as a new choice for the treatment of degenerative disc disease has aroused widespread concern by clinicians because of the preservation of lumbar vertebra’s biomechanical characteristics during pain eliminating. While the design of the prosthesis structure and material needs further study and validation.
OBJECTIVE:To review the structure and material types of several newly designed artificial lumbar discs, then to discuss the trends in the optimization design of prosthesis, in order to provide instruction for the design and assessment of new lumbar artificial disc prosthesis.
METHODS:The PubMed database, CNKI database and SinoMed database were searched for related articles. New articles related to artificial lumbar disc structure, material, in vivo and in vitro biomechanics were included. Repetitive studies and stale perspectives were excluded. A total of 46 articles were summarized and discussed in the end.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Artificial lumbar disc has developed for nearly 30 years, the design of structure and biological material has been in continuous improvement. At first, we summarized the principle and current situation in the design of movement reservation, movement constraint, instant fixation, base material, weight-bearing material and coating material of artificial lumbar disc prosthesis, then combined with the exist newly in vivo and in vitro biomechanical results to evaluate different kinds of design with the recent research trend to prospect the development of biomimetic design, material improvement, the optimization design of prosthesis and assisted devices.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.26.019