Objective To investigate the protective effect of salvianolic acid A (SAA) on permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats and its possible mechanisms. Methods Fifty-four adult male Sprague-Daw ley rats w ere randomly divided into a sham operation group, a cerebral ischemia group, and a SAA group ( n =18 in each group). A model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion w as induced by the intraluminal suture method.At 0 h and 6 h after modeling, the rats of the SAA groups w ere intraperitonealy injected SAA (3 mg/kg). The other groups w ere injected equal volume of saline. At 24 h after modeling, the neurological deficit scores w ere performed. 2,3,5-Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining w as used to detect cerebral infarction volume. TUNEL staining w as used to detect cel apoptosis. Both immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting w ere used to detect the expressions of Wnt3a, β-catenin, and phosphor-glycogen synthase-kinase-3β(p-GSK-3β) in the ischemic cortex. Results The neurological deficit scores show ed that no neurological deficits w ere observed in the sham operation group (score 0). The neurological deficit score in the SAA group (median and interquartile range) w as significantly low er than that in the cerebral ischemia group (3 [2-3] vs.4 [3-5]; Z = -2.679, P =0.007). No infarcts w ere observed in the sham operation group. The infarct volume in the SAA group w as reduced significantly compared w ith the cerebral ischemia group (79.038 ±10.665 mm 3 vs.212.702 ±8.029 mm 3; t = 24.525, P < 0.001). Very few positive cels w ere observed in the sham operation group. The numbers of TUNEL -positive cels in the SAA group and the cerebral ischemia group w ere 29.667 ±1.366/HP and 63.333 ±0.894/HP, respectively. The former w as significantly less than the latter ( t = 14.115, P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical staining show ed that the number of Wnt3a positive cels in the sham operation group, the cerebral ischemia group, and the SAA group w ere 35.500 ±2.572/HP, 18.056 ±3.765/HP, and 29.000 ±2.376/HP, respectively. There w ere significant differences among the 3 groups ( F = 115.972, P < 0.001), and those in the SAA group w ere significantly more than the cerebral ischemia group ( P < 0.01). The numbers of p-GSK-3βpositive cels in the sham operation group, the model group, and the SAA group w ere 7.944 ±2.127/HP, 37.444 ±3.434/HP, and 11.222 ±1.734/HP, respectively. There w ere significant differences among the three groups (F =730.580, P < 0.001), and those in the SAA group w ere significantly less than the cerebral ischemia group ( P < 0.01). The numbers of β-catenin positive cels in the sham operation group, the cerebral ischemia group, and the SAA group w ere 26.722 ±26.722/HP, 16.556 ±1.854/HP, and 21.333 ± 1.940/HP, respectively. There w ere also significant differences among the 3 groups ( F < 33.385, P <0.01), and those in the SAA group w ere significantly more than the cerebral ischemia group ( P < 0.01). Western blot analysis show ed that Wnt3a expression levels in the sham operated group, the cerebral ischemia group, and the SAA group w ere 1.000 ±0.190, 0.800 ±0.185, and 1.198 ±0.262, respectively. There w ere significant differences among 3 groups ( F = 9.621, P < 0.001), and those in the SAA group w ere significantly higher than the cerebral ischemia group ( P < 0.01). The p-GSK-3βexpression levels in the sham operation group, the cerebral ischemia group, and the SAA group w ere 0.650 ±0.150, 1.290 ± 0.250, and 1.190 ±0.250, respectively. There w ere also significant differences among the 3 groups ( F =19.668, P < 0.001), and those in the SAA group w ere significantly higher than the cerebral ischemia group (P <0.01). The β-catenin expression levels in the sham operation group, the cerebral ischemia group, and the SAA group w ere 1.200 ±0.210, 0.500 ±0.120, and 1.100 ±0.220, respectively. There w ere significant differences among the 3 groups ( F = 33.385, P < 0.001), and those in the SAA group w ere significantly higher than the cerebral ischemia group ( P < 0.01). Conclusions SAA has certain protective effect on permanent cerebral ischemia injury in rats. Its mechanism may be associated w ith the up -regulation of the expression of Wnt3a and β-catenin and the dow n-regulation of the expression of p-GSK-3β.

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of Jieyu Huoxue Decoction on rehabilitation of patients with depression after cerebral infarction. METHODS: Fifty four patients suffered from the depression after acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into three groups: depression control group, fluoxetine treated group and Jieyu Huoxue Decoction treated group. Eighteen patients of cerebral infarction without depression were enrolled in the no depression control group randomly. The Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS), the modified Edinburgh-Scandinavia stroke scale (MESSS) and the activities of daily living (ADL) were evaluated before treatment, 30 and 60 days after treatment. RESULTS: After 30 and 60 days of treatment, SDS evaluation of the Jieyu Huoxue Decoction treated group showed significant difference as compared with the condition before treatment and that of the depression control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), MESSS evaluation and ADL evaluation also showed significant difference as compared with the condition before treatment and that of the depression control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); there was no obvious difference between the fluoxetine treated group and the Jieyu Huoxue Decoction treated group, but the Jieyu Huoxue Decoction treated group showed fewer symptoms and less side effect. CONCLUSION: Jieyu Huoxue Decoction can not only relieve depression after cerebral infarction, but also improve neurological functions.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the treatment with Octreotide combined with rhubarb for acute severe pancreatitis(ASP).Methods Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)were searched from the following data-bases as CBM、VIP、CNKI、PubMed and WanFang ,all RCTs searched from January 2008 to December 2014.Search terms were Octreotide,rhubarb,ASP.Two reviewers according to the Cochrane systematic review,pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria,then screening literatures,extraction data and assessing literature′quality independently,finally unifided datas by cross-checked,Meta-a-nalysis was performed by RevMan5.2 software.Results Ten RCTs involving 655 patients (treatment group:336 cases,control group:31 9 cases)were included.Meta-analysis results showed that compared with the use of Octreotide,Octreotide combined rhu-barb advanced the clinical cure rates[RR=1.47,95%CI (1.21,1.78),P <0.01 ]and the total clinical effective rates [RR = 1.1 9, 95%CI (1.09,1.29),P <0.01];Octreotide combined rhubarb shorted the remission time of abdominal pain,the remission time of vomit,the recovery time of serum amylase,the recovery time of urine amylase,hospitalization days,the first defecation time,the ab-dominal distension disappear time and the remission time of signs of abdominal tenderness,the differences all above showed statisti-cal significance(P <0.01).But reducing the proportion of surgery didn′t have statistic difference(P >0.05).No severe adverse e-vents or allergic reactions were reported.Conclusion Compared with the traditional Octreotide therapy alone,rhubarb combined with Octreotide therapy for ASP have a better curative effect.

Objective To evaluate the effect of various herniorraphy in treating inguinal hernia. Methods The clinical data of 108 patients who underwent conventional Bassini herniorraphy (BH), tension free herniorraphy (TH), or laparoscopic herniorraphy (LH),respectively were analysed and comparated. Results The operation time in TH was less than that in BH, and in LH was longer than that in TH. The ability recovery, hospita stay and postoperative complication in TH and LH were less than those in BH.All the patients were followed up for at least 1 year.Of them, 1 recurred after BH, but there was no recurrence after TH and LH. The blood neutrophils, serum level of fibrin, C-reactive protein and alpha-1 antitrypsin increased significantly in the patients undergoing herniorraphy, which were significantly higher in the patients underwent TH and LH. Conclusions The curative effect of TH and LH is much better than that of BH in treating ingumal hernia. Application of marlex for herniorraphy might increase inflammation response, but it will not increase the incidence of infection.

Objective To comprehensively evaluate the effect of the program of treatment and assistance to advanced schis-tosomiasis patients in Hunan Province from 2004 to 2013. Methods The fund investment of the program,the profits of hospi-tals and the improvement of the patients’health were investigated by data collection and questionnaire survey. The evaluation index system of treatment and assistance to advanced schistosomiasis in Hunan Province was constructed by the Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process,and the program was assessed comprehensively. Results The evaluation index system includ-ing 6 primary indices and 33 secondary indices was established. Among all the primary indices,the score of the treatment and assistance(22.25)was the highest,and that of the satisfaction assessment(8.15)was the lowest,and the score of the compre-hensive assessment was 87.06. The average cure rate of the patients was 13.08%from 2004 to 2013. More than 60%of the pa-tients’disease condition got better,and nearly 70%of the patients’psychological condition improved,and more than 70%of patients’self-help ability and social contact improved,as well as family happiness increased. In addition,the annual average cost for caretakers decreased by 2000 Yuan,and the profits of all the fixed-point hospitals for treatment and assistance in-creased. Conclusion The effectiveness and efficiency of the treatment and assistance to advanced schistosomiasis patients in Hunan Province is obvious,and the government should continuously invest in the program.

AIM:To evaluate the effect of microRNA-155(miRNA-155) on the regulation of angiogenesis in diabetic rats with cerebral ischemic injury .METHODS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:sham group, cerebral ischemia group , diabetic cerebral ischemia group , diabetic cerebral ischemia +miRNA-155 inhibitors group and diabetic cerebral ischemia +scramble group .Diabetes model was made by injection of streptozocin and permanent cerebral ischemic model was developed by suture-occluded method .The scores of neurological deficit and infarct volume were estimated at 24 h after cerebral ischemia .miRNA-155 level was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction.The expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 ( PECAM-1/CD31 ) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) was detected by Western blotting .RESULTS:miRNA-155 inhibitor significantly reduced miRNA-155 levels in the ischemic cortex (P<0.05), improved the scores of neurological deficit , reduced infarction size and up-regulated the levels of CD31 and VEGF (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:miRNA-155 has a critical role in the regulation of angiogenesis in diabetic rats with cerebral ischemia .Down-regulation of miRNA-155 using miRNA-155 inhibitor attenuates brain infarct injury in diabetic rats .

Objectives:To study the therapeutic roles of enteral nutrition support in the stroke patients with aphagia. Methods:1000 ml of Nutrison(made in NUTRICIA) was used daily with naso gastric tube feeding soon after the admission in 54 patients receiving routine treatment and other 53 cases without being feed nutrition treated routinely as control.These two groups were further divided into two subgroups based on exist of unconsciousness.Subgroup A refers the unconsciousness patients unable to have dinner,while in subgroup B patients with swallow dysfunction were consciousness.The descending degree of neuro function deficiency scores(DDNFDS) following three weeks,morbidity of aspirating pneumonia and relating nutritional parameters in two groups were recorded. Results:DDNFDS following three weeks,morbidity of aspirating pnemonia and stress induced ulcer,and mortality,and the nutritional status were better in Nutrison applied group. Conclusions:The early enteral nutritional support is beneficial to the stroke patients unable to take dinner in aspects of the improvement of nutrition status and the decrease of morbidity and mortality

This paper summarized the school nutrition lunch legislations and nutrition status in China and abroad. School lunch system is relatively well-established and mature in Japan， the United States and Sweden and the lunch system has been gradually as an important part of basic education， which is worth learning by other countries and regions. China started its pilot school nutrition lunch program in 1987， and has improved the nutritional status of students， especially the students in rural areas， significantly. However， there still exists certain gaps compared with developed countries. We should actively learn from those countries， so as to provide reference for the formulation and improvement of China’s nutritional lunch policies.

PURPOSE: Hyperglycemia increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the resulting oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is one of the major sources of ROS production in diabetes. We, therefore, examined the possibility that NADPH oxidase activation is increased in various tissues, and that the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may have tissue specific effects on NADPH oxidase and tissue antioxidant status in diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Control (C) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic (D) rats were treated either with NAC (1.5 g/kg/day) orally or placebo for 4 weeks. The plasma, heart, lung, liver, kidney were harvested immediately and stored for biochemical or immunoblot analysis. RESULTS: levels of free 15-F2t-isoprostane were increased in plasma, heart, lung, liver and kidney tissues in diabetic rats, accompanied with significantly increased membrane translocation of the NADPH oxidase subunit p67phox in all tissues and increased expression of the membrane-bound subunit p22phox in heart, lung and kidney. The tissue antioxidant activity in lung, liver and kidney was decreased in diabetic rats, while it was increased in heart tissue. NAC reduced the expression of p22phox and p67phox, suppressed p67phox membrane translocation, and reduced free 15-F(2t)-isoprostane levels in all tissues. NAC increased antioxidant activity in liver and lung, but did not significantly affect antioxidant activity in heart and kidney. CONCLUSION: The current study shows that NAC inhibits NADPH oxidase activation in diabetes and attenuates tissue oxidative damage in all organs, even though its effects on antioxidant activity are tissue specific.
Acetylcysteine/*therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antioxidants/*metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*drug therapy/*metabolism ; Heart/drug effects ; Kidney/drug effects/metabolism ; Liver/drug effects/metabolism ; Lung/drug effects/metabolism ; Male ; NADPH Oxidase/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BACKGROUNDSome researches have found that the development of tumor could be encouraged by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), but how about the mode of VIP? The aim of this study is to examine the effects of VIP on expression of VEGF mRNA in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.

METHODSExpression of VEGF mRNA was detected in NSCLC and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique.

RESULTSVEGF mRNA was detected in NSCLC cell lines A549, GLC-82, H157, H460 and SCLC cell line H446. VIP could enhance the expression level of VEGF mRNA in NSCLC cell lines A549 and H157. The expression level of VEGF mRNA reached a peak at 8h and 16h after VIP administration, which was significantly higher than that at 0h (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSVIP may promote the angiogenesis of lung cancer through increasing the expression and secretion of VEGF in lung cancer cells, and thus plays an important role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer.