Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of chloramphenicol in chloramphenicol vaginal tablets. Methods:An Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column (150 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm)was used. The mobile phase was composed of 0. 1% sodi-um 1-heptanesulfonate solution-methanol (68∶32),the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1, the UV detection wavelength was 277 nm,the column temperature was 35℃,and the injection volume was 10 μl. Results:The linear range of chloramphenicol was 25. 6-512. 0 μg ·ml-1(r=0. 999 9). The mean recovery was 99. 4%, and RSD was 0. 8%(n=9). Conclusion:The method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and can be used in the determination of chloramphenicol vaginal tablets.

Objective To discuss the DSA characteristics of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to investigate the relationship between the DSA findings and the expression of tumor’s vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Methods Fifty-four patients with pathologically-proved primary HCC were enrolled in this study. The DSA findings, including tumor’s size, lesion’s number, lesion’s margin, the degree of blood supply, the presence or absence of artreiovnous shunting (AVS), etc. were observed and analyzed. The qualitative test of VEGF of HCC tissue was made by using Elivision TMplus method, and based on the stain degree and the percentage of the positive cells a comprehensive analyse was carried out. With HE stain the pathologic classification was conducted by using Edmmond method. In this study, grade I and II were regarded as well-differentiated group and grade III and IV were regarded as poorly-differentiated group. The data were processed by software SPSSS13.0 and the results were statistically analyzed. Results The expression degree of VEGF in HCC tissue was related to the blood supply pattern, the lesion’s number, the integrity of the tumor’s border and the degree of differentiation (P 0.05). Conclusion Some DSA manifestations of primary HCC bear a certain relationship to the VEGF content in the tumor tissue. Through observing the DSA characteristics, the assessment of the invasion and metastasis of HCC can be well made, which will afford the clinical physicians a useful reference in making individualized therapeutic schedule and in estimating the prognosis.

The pharmaceutical microbiological examination in medical institutions is an important method to ensure the safety of preparations.It is of great significance to popularize the techniques of drug microbiological examination in primary medical institutions.This article started with the purpose, plan and training contents of the microbiological examination training program, which combined with theory teaching and practical operation, two-phase practical teaching, group teaching and collective teaching and guided students to design and plan experiments to carry out the teaching work,and then explored the ways and improving measures of the pharmaceutical microbiological examination training for hospital pharmacists, which could provide reference for the training and teaching of hospital pharmaceutical microbiological examination.

Objective To explore the efficiency, complications and probability of preserving part renal function by local renal microwave ablation. Methods The fresh pig renal pelvis full filled with 30% diatrizoate meglumine and the dogs kidney taken arterial pyelography were both ablated with microwave. Dogs were divided into three groups: measuring temperature after ablation group, single point ablation both on the two kidneys group and double points ablation on unilateral kidney group. In measuring temperature after ablation group, DSA and pathology were performed immediately after ablation. In the other groups, DSA with blood and urine samplings were taken for routine tests including renal function right after the ablation and 10 days later. Results Experiment in vitro showed conspicuous renal pelvic contraction and convolution. The group under power rate of 70, 3 min produced urine leak easily. Preliminary test in vivo with DSA showed the disappearance of local kidney blood supply. The residual renal function was related to areas of necrosis. Acute stage pathology revealed acute renal cortex medulla and pelvic cells injury. DSA of chronic stage showed no change in size of the area of ablation. The blood supply of necrotic areas was not restored. The residual kidney possessed the excretion contrast medium with no urine leaks. Upper pole of right kidney adhered with adjacent tissue, together with thickened covering. Pathology revealed fibrous proliferation around the coagulative necrosis. Conclusion Microwave ablation can inactivate the local renal tissue, and, effectively preserve the big blood vessels and function of residual kidney. No urine leaks occurred in chronic stage but easily to produce adhesions with adjacent tissue.

Objective To investigate the protective effect and potential mechanisms of hypertonic sodium chloride hydroxyethyl starch solution (HSH) against the cerebral vasospasm (CVS) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Methods Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to four groups according to the random number table,with 6 rats in each group.The SAH-CVS model was reproduced by injection of the blood twice through the cisterna magna.Rats in both model and HSH treatment groups received 8 mL/kg normal saline (NS) or HSH treatment everyday via caudal vein.Rats in sham group were injected with 1.5 mL/kg NS into cisterna magna followed by 8 mL/kg NS treatment.Rats in normal group received no treatment.Rats were sacrificed to harvest basilar artery after 7 days.The thickness of vessel wall and lumen area were measured using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.The rate of apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) was assessed using flow cytometry.Caspase-3 activity was measured by a fluorometric assay.The expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 were determined by Western Blot.Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by H2DCFDA.Results Compared with normal group,increased thickness of vessel wall (μm:27.72 ± 1.94 vs.18.30 ± 1.10,P＜0.05),decreased lumen area (μm2:26 115 ± 1 991 vs.55 080 ± 2 091,P＜0.05),and elevation of rate of apoptosis of VSMCs [(35.05 ± 5.54) ％ vs.(5.93 ± 1.53) ％,P＜ 0.05] were found in model group.Compared with model group,decreased thickness of vessel wall (μm:22.55 ± 1.50 vs.27.72 ± 1.94,P＜0.05),increase of lumen area (μm2:48 115 ±2 460 vs.26 115 ± 1 991,P＜0.05),and depressed rate of apoptosis of VSMCs [(16.54 ± 5.94) ％ vs.(35.05 ± 5.54) ％,P＜ 0.05] were found in HSH treatment group.Caspase-3 activity,intracellular ROS level,Bax and Bcl-2 expressions in model group were (188.40 ± 19.35)％,(163.50 ± 17.02)％,(208.71 ± 26.04)％ and (44.52 ± 9.61) ％ of those of normal group,and the differences of these parameters between model and normal groups were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).Caspase-3 activity,intracellular ROS level,Bax and Bcl-2 expressions in HSH treatment group were (135.05 ± 19.52)％,(119.44 ± 11.50)％,(139.20 ± 18.04)％ and (85.35 ± 13.12)％ of those of normal group,respectively,and the differences of these parameters between HSH treatment and model groups were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).The differences of all measurements between sham and normal groups were not statistically significant.Conclusion The current results demonstrate that HSH attenuates the SAH-induced CVS,alleviates thickness of vessel wall,and increases lumen area via inhibition of VSMCs apoptosis.

Objectives:To study the therapeutic roles of enteral nutrition support in the stroke patients with aphagia. Methods:1000 ml of Nutrison(made in NUTRICIA) was used daily with naso gastric tube feeding soon after the admission in 54 patients receiving routine treatment and other 53 cases without being feed nutrition treated routinely as control.These two groups were further divided into two subgroups based on exist of unconsciousness.Subgroup A refers the unconsciousness patients unable to have dinner,while in subgroup B patients with swallow dysfunction were consciousness.The descending degree of neuro function deficiency scores(DDNFDS) following three weeks,morbidity of aspirating pneumonia and relating nutritional parameters in two groups were recorded. Results:DDNFDS following three weeks,morbidity of aspirating pnemonia and stress induced ulcer,and mortality,and the nutritional status were better in Nutrison applied group. Conclusions:The early enteral nutritional support is beneficial to the stroke patients unable to take dinner in aspects of the improvement of nutrition status and the decrease of morbidity and mortality

OBJECTIVETo study the immunogenicity and safety of recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine (YDV) in adults.

METHODSOne hundred and twenty-four healthy teachers aged 22 approximately 58 years with serum negative HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc and with normal temperature were randomly selected from Beipiao city, Liaoning province. All the subjects were immunized with 5 microg/0.5 ml of YDV made by Beijing Institute of Biologic Products, for three doses at an interval of one and six months, respectively.

RESULTSThe positivity of serum anti-HBs was 35.0%, 83.3%, 65.5% and 32.7% with a geometric mean titre (GMT) of 12.6 mIU/ml, 402.0 mIU/ml, 70.3 mIU/ml and 20.3 mIU/ml, respectively, three, seven, 12 and 24 months after immunization. The positivity and GMT of serum anti-HBs appeared the highest seven months after immunization, then began to decrease sharply. The positivity and GMT of serum anti-HBs in women was higher than that in men either three, or seven, or 12, or 24 months after immunization. The positivity of serum anti-HBs in those of 35 years or over was lower than that less than 35 years, seven months after immunization, but no age difference could be found 12 months after immunization. No local or systematic adverse reactions were found in all the subjects within three days after immunization.

CONCLUSIONThe recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine (YDV) is immunogenic and safe for adults, but the persistency of serum anti-HBs in after immunization should be followed-up further.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunization ; Middle Aged ; Sex Factors ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; immunology ; Yeasts ; genetics

Objective To get a controllable acetabulum component inclination angle during the total hip arthroplasty(THA) with the lateral position,a new method using a self-made instrument was introduced.Methods Totally 80 consecutive patients undergoing THA at the lateral position were enrolled.Forty acetabular components were assembled using a new method with a self-made instrument referring to the 42 degrees' angle drawn on the wall(group A),while another 40 acetabular cups were implanted free-handedly(group B).The postoperative inclination angle was evaluated on the anterior-posterior pelvic radiographs.Results The average inclination angle was 43.3° ± 3.7°(34.7°～49.1°) in group A and 40.3 ± 4.5o(32.8°～50.7°) in group B.Moreover,40/40 of group A and 38/40 of group B were in the Lewinnek's inclination safe zone(P＞0.05),without significant differences between the two groups.Conclusion It is practical and reliable to decide the acetabular component orientation using the lateral position instrument and reference angle on the wall.

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for the determination of propofol concentration in human plasma and apply it in patients with lymphedema. METHODS The concentration of propofol was determined by UPLC-MS/MS after protein precipitation of plasma samples using thymol as internal standard. The sample was eluted on a Kinetex C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile （A）-water （B） for gradient elution at the flow rate of 200 μL/min. The sample size was 5 μL， and the column temperature was set at 40 ℃. The sample chamber temperature was 15 ℃. Using multi-reaction monitoring mode， the ion pairs for quantitative analysis were m/z 177.0→161.2 （propofol） and m/z 149.0→133.1 （internal standard）， respectively. The above method was used to determine the plasma concentration of propofol in 6 patients with lymphedema. RESULTS The linear range of propofol was 50-5 000 ng/mL （r＝0.995 0）. RSDs of within- and between-batch precision were not more than 8.08%； no endogenous interference， carryover effect， or dilution effect was observed in blank plasma. The extraction recovery ranged from 89.80% to 93.73%， and matrix effects were within the range of 97.93%-101.73%. RSDs of the stability test were all lower than 3.27%. During intraoperative TCI 2-30 min， the plasma concentration of propofol in 6 patients was maintained in the range of 1 865.3-6 056.2 ng/mL， and the propofol was almost excreted within 4-8 h after operation. CONCLUSIONS The established UPLC-MS/MS method in this study can achieve the determination of propofol and a simple and fast sample pretreatment process without derivatization； it is proved to be suitable for the concentration monitoring of propofol in plasma samples of patients with lymphedema.

Sugar reduction and restriction have become one of the most urgent health demands as the number of obese people increases globally. Sugar substitutes (mainly classified into sugar alcohols, natural sweeteners, and artificial sweeteners) have been widely used in food processing as alternatives to sugar for their low energy and high sweetness. Thus, the classification, metabolism pathways, advantages, applications, and human health effects of sugar substitutes, their effects on human health were introduced, and the relationships between sugar substitutes and obesity, diabetes, intestinal microbes, hypertension, and all-cause mortality were emphatically summarized in this paper. Generally, long-term high intake of sugar substitutes is associated with adverse health outcomes such as elevated blood pressure, higher risks of diabetes, cancer, and increased all-cause mortality. Meanwhile, sugar alcohols and natural sweeteners are more likely to associate with beneficial effects on human gut microbial diversity, while artificial sweeteners associate with imbalance of gut microbiota based on available evidence. Current published research focuses on single sugar substitute exposure with varied health effects, while nearly half of commercial sugar substitute products contain two or more sugar substitutes. The effects of exposure to multiple sugar substitutes on human health are not clear yet, so further strengthening the relevant epidemiological and molecular mechanism research is necessary.