Glioma is the most frequently observed primary tumor of the central nervous system in adults. Among the glioma cases, more than three quarters of patients suffer from high-grade gliomas. High-grade glioma is not only a high-degree malignant tumor but is also an easily recurring disease after surgery with a very poor prognosis. Radiotherapy plus concomitant chemotherapy after operation is the standard treatment strategy for high-grade gliomas, which could increase the survival rate of patients. However, the curative effect is really not satisfactory because it could only guarantee a limited survival time. Over the recent years, molecular-targeted treatment has increasingly drawn the attention of scholars with the continuous development in glioma treatment, thereby becoming the hotspot among researchers. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is highly expressed in glioma and in the tissues surrounding the cancer cells. VEGF could regulate tumor growth by inducing endothelial cell proliferation, growth, migration, and by increasing the vascular permeability. Hence, VEGF becomes an effective target for the treatment of glioma. Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody that can specifically prevent the combination of VEGF and its receptor, thereby inhibiting the formation of tumor blood vessels. At the same time, bevacizumab can normalize the tumor blood vessels, improve the permeability of blood vessels, and increase the effectiveness of drug concentration in the tumor tissues, thereby achieving anticancer efficacy. In this paper, the mechanism of bevacizumab is introduced. The research progress in the application of bevacizumab alone, as well as in combination with chemotherapy or other drugs, for the high-grade glioma treatment will be summarized.

Objective To provide objective parameters for differentiating pancreatic cystic tumors via using computed tomography texture analysis (CTTA) to quantify the special imaging features of pancreatic cystadenomas.Methods Enhanced CT images of pancreas from patients who were admitted in Department of Radiology in First Hospital affiliated with Zhejiang University and First People's Hospital of Hangzhou City and pathologically diagnosed as pancreatic serous cystadenomas (n =48) and mucinous cystadenomas (n =34) from January 2009 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.Regions of interest were drawn on the parenchymal phase CT images in 5 slices according to the border of the tumors.Mean grey level intensity (M),variance (V),entropy (E),skewness (Ske) and kurtosis (Kur) were obtained from fine texture (σ =1.0) to coarse texture (σ =2.5).Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for texture parameters with statistically difference was drawn,and the area under curve (AUC),diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were calculated.The diagnostic accuracy of senior and junior doctors was compared with the traditional CT analysis method.Results Reliability coefficient of the two radiologists was 0.809 ～ 0.997 with high consistency.Compared with mucinous cystic tumors,serous cystadenomas had a significantly different V (5.93 ± 9.02 vs 1.29±0.62),E (2.39±0.61 vs2.02±0.39) and Kur(30.18 ±42.55 vs 8.80-±4.34) in Ske0 of 2.5 (P ＜0.05),and there were no statistically significant differences on other parameters.The AUC of differential parameters for diagnosing two kinds of cystic tumors ranged from 0.56 to 0.84.The diagnostic accuracy of the traditional CT analysis method by junior doctor and senior radiologist was 60％ and 71％,respectively.Conclusions CTTA can not only effectively quantify the heterogeneity of pancreatic cystadenomas,but also is effective in the differentiation.