Objective To investigate the expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and P63 protein in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their relationship with TNM staging and lymph node metastasis of NSCLC. Methods Seventy-eight paraffin-embedded specimens of NSCLC from 1998-2005 were collected in this study. Inclusion criteria included no chemotherapy or radiotherapy before operation. Pathological diagnosis was made after operation: 43 squamous carcinoma and 35 adenocarcinoma, 45 with lymph node metastasis and 33 without, 13 in stage Ⅰ, 19 in stage Ⅱ, 28 in stage Ⅲ and 18 in stage Ⅳ. The expressions of EGFR, COX-2 and P63 were determined by immunohistochemical staining (S-P). Results The expression rates of EGFR, COX-2 and P63 were 65.4% (51/78), 61.5% (48/78) and 56.4% (44/78) respectively in 78 cases of NSCLC. Significant difference in the expressions of COX-2 and P63 was found between squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma (P0.05). The positive rate of EGFR and COX-2 protein expressions in NSCLC of stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ and NSCLC with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and NSCLC without lymph node metastasis (P0.05). Conclusion Over-expressions of EGFR and COX-2 may play an important role in invasion and metastasis of NSCLC. COX-2 and P63 may be valuable markers in differentiating pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma from pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Objective To evaluate the etiological and clinical characteristics of fungemia in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.Methods Microbial and clinical information of patients with fungemia consulted in Peking Union Medical College Hospital during 2008 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.Results A total of 70 patients were diagnosed with fungemia,and 100％ of them had underlying diseases or potential risk factors.Of them,40 (57.1％) patients were monomicrobial fungemia,and the other 30 (42.9％) patients with positive blood cultures were caused by at least two different microbes during hospitalization.Among 122 strains of microbes isolated from blood cultures,72 were fungi and 50 were bacteria.Among the isolated fungi,61 (84.7％) were Candida species,31 (50.8％) were Candida albicans and 30 (49.2％) were non-albicans.According to the colonization or infected sites other than blood of the isolated fungi,35 cases (50.0％) were primary fungemia; 18(25.7％) were colonizing at lower respiratory tract simultaneously; 10 (14.3 ％) caused central-line related fungemia; 3 (4.3％) were secondary to intraabdominal fungal infection; and another 4 (5.7％) isolates had multiple colonization sites.During hospitalization,37 cases died with a crude mortality rate of 52.9％,and 22 (32.9％) died of fungemia itself.In single factor analysis,ICU hospitalization(x2 =15.136,P ＜ 0.001),operation history within 30 days (x2 =3.540,P =0.060) and invasive mechanical ventilation (x2 =4.450,P =0.035) were related to crude mortality.Bacteremia during hospitalization (x2 =5.657,P =0.017),circulatory underlying diseases (x2 =3.399,P =0.065) and ICU treatment (x2 =4.955,P =0.026) increased attributable mortality.In the multivariate analysis,ICU history increased mortality during hospitalization,however,the operation history within 30 days was independently irrelevant to crude mortality during hospitalization.ICU history and bacteremia during hospitalization were independently correlated to attribution mortality of the patients with fungemia.Conclusions Fungemia,usually accompanied with bacteremia,occurs often in the patients with underlying diseases.Patients with fungemia have poor prognosis and more than 50％ patients die.ICU history increases the risk both to crude and attributable mortality.The patients with fungemia who had polymicrobial bloodstream infection have a higher attribution mortality.Operation history within 30 days is independently negatively correlated to attributable mortality.

Objective To evaluate the detection rate and the efficiency of the modified crushing-cercariae escaping method.Methods The detection rates of the modified crushing-cercariae escaping method and the crushing methods were compared by using a double-blind control experiment with the latter as a gold standard.meanwhile the number of the cercariae was quantified.The efficiency of the two methods aforementioned and the cereariae escaping method were compared in field.Results The detection rate of the modified crushing-cercariae escaping method was 100%.the average number of cercariae in each infected snail was (4 778±1 157);and the number in certain volume of water sample was positively correlated with the number of infected snails.The efficiency of the modified menthed Was 18.2 times and 17.3 times as high as those of the crushing method and cereariae escaping method,respectively.Conclusions The modified crushing-cercariae escaping method Can detect the infected snails quicky and Can quantify the number of infected snails and cercariae,and is suitable for the detection of infected snails in large number.

According to the National Scheme of Shistosomiasis Surveillance,the endemic situation in 8 national surveillance sites in Jingzhou City were monitored and analyzed.The results showed that the average human infection rate in 8 sites was 0.93%,and the rates in residents above 40 years old were high.People with positive results in fecal examination were all farmers,with an infection rate of 1.16%.The average infection rate of cattle was 6.26%.The total snail area was 1 511.50 hm~2,among which an area of 0.98 hm~2 was newly discovered and the area with infected snails was 1.17 hm~2.It concludes that the endemie situation in surveillance sites decreases year by year.However,the infection rate of earle still remains high and the snail status is still severe,which suggests that the control should be strengthened further.