Three lines of studies (lung in sito, isolated perfused lung and cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cell, PAEC) were undertaken in our laboratory in recent years which demonstrated that oxygen free radicals (OFRs) participates in the pathogenesis of rat lung edema induced by oleic acid (OA). The OFRs derived from xanthine/xanthine oxidase in PAEC might play a primary and initial role, whereas that derived from PMNs might act as an important but secondary and amplifying role in the pathogenesis of lung edema induced by OA.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of 3 therapeutic regimes in the treatment of functional dyspepsia. METHODS:125 cases were randomly divided into 3 groups,group A was treated with domperidone,group B was treated with domperidone plus doxepin hydrochloride,and group C was treated with domperidone plus famotidine,the curative effects of the 3 group were observed after oral administration and the cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted as well. RESULTS:The costs for group A,B and C were 792.56 yuan,800.12 yuan and 803.76 yuan,respectively;The effective rates were 51.17%,82.50%and 71.43%,respectively;The cost-effectiveness ratio were 15.49,9.70 and 11.25,respectively;The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of group B and C vs. group A were 0.24 and 0.55,respectively. CONCLUSION:Regime B was superior among the other two therapeutic regimes.

Objective Rhabdomyolysis (RM) is a common disorder resulting from a large variety of causes. Acute injury is one of the main reasons. The purpose is to describe the MRI manifestations of rhabdomyolysis caused by 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan province and to discuss their importance in diagnosis and treatment of rhabdomyolysison in clinic practice. Methods Three patients with rhebdomyolysis caused by earthquake were studied via 1.5 T MRI. In all the patients, T, and T2 weighted sequences with and without fat suppression, and short time inversion recovery (STIR) of both lower extremities were obtained in axial, coronal and sagittal planes. All patients were given contrast material during imaging, and MRA (magnetic resonance angiography) of both lower extremity vessels were performed. The MRI characteristics of damaged extremities in 3 cases were studied. Results MRI showed swelling of the affected muscles and subcutaneous fat tissue on both T1 and T2 weighted images. The margins of involved muscles were blurred. On T1 weighted images, swollen muscles showed equal or slightly decreased intensity with small patterns of increased intensity in some local areas. On T2 weighted and STIR sequences, the affected muscles showed inhomogeneons increased signal intensity with clearer margin. Slight fluid collection in spatium intermusculare was observed. Contrast-enhanced scanning showed nonhomologous intensification of damaged muscles, the enhancement inside the muscles was decreased when compared with normal muscles. The locations of all these abnormal intensity were correlated with the injury history and clinic physical examinations. MRA showed no lower extremity vessels were affected. Conclusion MRI has very high sensitivity in detecting the injury of muscles. It's very useful in evaluating the extent and severity of muscles affected in rhabdomyolysis caused by trauma. Also it's very valuable to evaluate the condition of blood vessels in involved extremity for predicting the prognosis of the disease. Therefore MRI possesses a very important role in the diagnosis and treatment of RM.

Objective To study early changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover for prodicting the bone mineral density(BMD) response to alendronate therapy in Chinese men with osteoporosis. Methods Seventy-eight men aged 60 to 82 years with osteoporosis [mean age (69.8 ±11.8) years]were treated with alendronate sodium 70 mg/week for 12 months. Serum bone gla-protein (BGP) and serum pyridinoline-eross-linked earboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) level were measured by chemiluminescence (equipment is Roche E170). Serum BGP, ICTP and BSALP levels were measured before and 3 months and 12 months after treatment. BMD in lumbar spine and femoral neck were measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (GE PRODIGY Inc. ) at L1-4 and at the left hip(total hip,trochanter,Ward's area and femoral neck)before and 12 months after treatment. Results After 3-months and 12-months treatment, the percent reductions of serum ICTP levels were 45.8% and 51.6%, serum BGP level 32.0% and 37.5%, serum BSALP level 35. 3% and 39.9% ,respectively. After 12-months treatment, the percent increase of lumbar BMD was 11.8%, femoral neck BMD 11.4 %. The percent reductions of serum ICTP level at months 3 and 12 after treatment were positively correlated to the percent increase of lumbar BMD (r=0.28, 0.295,P <0.05 and P<0.01)and of fermoral neck BMD at 12 months after treatment(r=0.262, 0.333, P＜0.05 and P<0.01)respectively. The percent reductions of serum BGP level at months 3 and 12 after treatment were positively correlated to the percent increase of lumbar BMD (r=0. 322, 0.401,all P<0.01) and of fermoral neck BMD at 12 months after treatment (r=0.277,0.284, all P＜0.05)respectively. The percent reductions of serum BSALP level at months 3 and 12 after treatment were positively correlated to the percent increase of lumbar BMD (r=0.133,0.231,all P＜0.05) and of fermoral neck BMD at 12 months after treatment(r=0.248, 0.317, all P＜0.01)respectively.Conclusions Early changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover rates can predict BMD response to alendronate in Chinese men with osteoporosis.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for postmenopausal osteoporosis in Shanghai.Methods Five hundred postmenopausal community-dwelling women aged 45-80 years were recruited. The case-control study was performed from June 2008 to September 2008.A total number of 250 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis identified with their bone mineral density (BMD) were selected as case group, and 250 non-osteoporosis women were selected as control group. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorption (DEXA). Results Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, eduction level, occupation, years since menopause, BMI, use of calcium,historyofnon-violencefracture,fall,diabetesmellitus,chronicgastricdiseases, gastrointestinal resection and diarrhea were related to osteoporosis.Multiple logistic regression showed that age, years since menopause and nutritional status were the risk factors for osteoporosis. ConclusionsThe occurrence of osteoporosis is related with many factors in postmenopausal women in Shanghai, and women with early menopause, low BMI and older age should pay more attention to the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Objective: To determine the nutritional status and associated factors of vitamin D in primary and middle school students in Shandong Province, so as to provide reference for developing targeted vitamin deficiency interventions. Methods: From January to September 2021, using multi stage stratified random sampling, physical examinations and laboratory tests were carried out among 3 539 primary and middle school students in Shandong Province. Associated factors of vitamin D were analyzed by Logsitc regression analysis. Results: The average vitamin D level among primary and middle school students was (17.56±6.65) ng/mL, while the deficiency and severe deficiency rate was 67.4%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that girls ( OR =1.95), students in junior high school ( OR =2.14) and senior high school ( OR =2.36) were at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency and severe deficiency ( P <0.05). Students from coastal areas ( OR =0.54), physical examination in summer and autumn ( OR = 0.74 ), and 35 g of egg intake per day ( OR =0.53), and with outdoor activity time greater than 60-120 min and >120 min ( OR =0.63, 0.48) had lower risk of vitamin D deficiency ( P <0.05). Conclusions The nutritional status of vitamin D among elementary and secondary school students in Shandong Province warrants further attention. Intervention measures such as nutritional education, healthy diet and prolonging outdoor activities should be promoted in primary and middle school students.

OBJECTIVE To study the toxicity of the extract from Mi ao medicine Wikstroemia indica to zebrafish . METHODS Zebrafish embryo model was used as the object ，after exposure to W. indica extract （10，20，40 μg/mL），the number of spontaneous twitching within 1 min，heart rate within 10 s，the occurrence of malformation and death were detected and recorded . Zebrafish was used as the object ，after exposure to W. indica extract（10-100 μg/mL）for 24，48 and 72 h，and the median lethal concentration（LC50）of W. indica extract to zebrafish at different time points were calculated . After exposure to low ，medium and high concentration （27，37，51 μg/mL）of W. indica extract，the liver phenotype ，hepatocyte apoptosis and lipid deposition of zebrafish were observed ，and the activities of alanine aminotransferase （ALT），aspartate aminotransferase （AST）and lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）in liver tissue were detected . RESULTS Compared with blank group ，the number of spontaneous twitching ， malformation rate （except for 10 μg/mL group ）and mortality of embryos increased significantly in 10，20，40 μg/mL groups of W. indica extract，and the heart rate （except for 10，20 μg/mL group ）of embryos decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. LC50 of W. indica extract to zebrafish at 24，48 and 72 h were 39.850，28.300 and 21.490 μg/mL，respectively. After drug treatment ，the transparency of liver area of zebrafish in low ，medium and high concentration groups of W. indica extract reduced and their shape were enlarged；apoptosis and lipid deposition increased ；the activities of ALT ，AST and LDH in liver tissue were significantly increased （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Miao medicine W. indica extract had develop mental toxicity to zebrafish embryos and he patotoxicity to zebrafish .