Objective To establish the normal reference value range of hematological and serum biochemical parameters in Beagle dogs for our own research center and to supply references for establishing the national standard.Methods CV Beagle dogs aged 4～6 months were selected as the investigative objects.Of the Beagle dogs,263 were male with body weight of(8.09?0.78)kg,263 were female with body weight of(6.84?0.87)kg.Blood was collected from cephalic vein at the endgame of the experiment,then both hematological and serum biochemical parameters were measured.The acquired data were analyzed by the "Independent-Samples T Test" process of SPSS V 13.0.Regarded the males and the females as two independent samples,the difference between sexes was also compared.Results The mean normal reference values and the standard deviation of hematological and serum biochemical parameters in both male and female Beagle dogs were obtained by analysis.Conclusions Comparison of sexes showed that there exists obviously difference between male and female Beagle dogs referring to 3 serum biochemical parameters of T-Bil,GLU and ALB.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of berberine hydrochloride in the Jiangtang xiao-zhi tablets. METHODS:HPLC was conducted with the Symmetry C18 column. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.05 mol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate(pH adjusted to 3.0 using phosphoric acid)(24∶76,V/V)at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection wave-length was 345 nm,the column temperature was room temperature and injection volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range of berberine hydrochloride was 0.522-4.698 μg(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were no more than 0.72%;the average recovery was 97.79%(RSD=2.09%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate,sensitive and reproducible,and can be used for the content determination of berberine hydrochloride.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for precancerous lesions and early cancer at gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) by comparing endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) with ESD.MethodsData of patients with GEJ precancerous lesions or early cancer,who received EMR ( n =51 ) or ESD ( n =28) were reviewed to compared the en bloc resection rate,R0 resection rate,operation time,complication and recurrence rate between 2 methods.ResultsEn blcc resection and R0 resection rates of ESD group (92.9％,78.6％ respectively) were significantly higher than those of EMR group (45.1％,43.1％ respectively).Local recurrence rate in ESD group (3.6％,1/28) was significantly lower than that of EMR group ( 19.6％ ).Complications including perforation,delayed hemorrhage,stricture were not significantly different between EMR and ESD groups.Mean operation time of ESD group (64.3 ±27.1 min) was significantly longer than that of EMR group (27.6 ± 14.1 min)(P ＜0.05).ConclusionESD,with a higher cure rate and en bloc rate and a lower local recurrence rate,is superior to EMR for precancerous lesions and early cancer at GEJ.

Aim To investigate the optimum trypsin digestion time and the optimum trypsin concentration of the long-term formalin-fixed retina in rats.Methods Male SD rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The removed eyes were fixed in 4% formaldehyde fixa-tive for 2 days,2 weeks,4 weeks,3 months,5 months and 7 months respectively.Fixed retinas at dif-ferent time were separated and put in 3%,6% and 9% trypsin at 37℃ in incubator.The time required was recorded for complete digestion of retinas,which fixed for different time and digested in different con-centrations of trypsin.The retinal blood vessels were recorded under a microscope after PAS staining of stretched retinal blood vessel.Results After conven-tionally fixed for 48 hours,retinas were digested com-pletely in 3% trypsin at 37℃ for 3.5 hours.The di-gestion time extended to 9 hours and 1 4 hours for the 2 weeks and 1 month fixed eyes,using 3% trypsin, which achieved the same result as conventional fixed eyes.For the 3 months fixed eyes,a complete retinal blood vessel could also be attained by using conven-tional concentrations of trypsin,and only by extending digestion time to 22 hours.It is also indicated that the increased concentration of trypsin did not shorten the time of digestion.In addition,for the fixed eye from 5 months to 7 months,6% and 9% trypsin could short-en,to some extent,the time to 22 hours and 28 hours respectively,which was conductive to obtaining rela-tively complete retinal blood vessels.Conclusions Retinal tissues which fixed time shorter than 3 months can completely be digested using 3% trypsin.Howev-er,for retinal tissue,which fixed from 5 months to 7 months,both the extending time of digestion and the increasing concentration of trypsin to 6% are necessary to get optimum retinal vascular digestion.

ThisstudywasaimedtoobservetheinhibitoryeffectsofQi-Zhu (QZ)granulesonearlyproteinuria in diabetic nephropathy rats with syndrome of qi-yin deficiency and phlegm blocking collaterals. A total of 44 rats were randomly divided into the blank group, model group, Huang-Kui capsule group, QZ granules group. The rat model of diabetic nephropathy with syndrome of qi-yin deficiency and phlegm blocking collaterals was induced by the combination of unilateral renal artery ligation, diet of high-calorie and high cholesterol, and intraperitoneal injection of low-dose streptozotocin. The medication was given for 8 weeks. The concentrations of protein and creatinine in urine were observed on the 4th week. The blood glucose, blood lipids, liver function and renal pathological changes were observed at the end of the experiment. The results showed that compared with the model group, QZ granules can obvious suppress early proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy, promote creatinine excretion, regulate blood lipid metabolism, protect liver function and improve renal pathological changes. It was concluded that QZ granules had independent inhibition effect on early proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy rats with syndrome of qi-yin deficiency and phlegm blocking collaterals. The effect was independent of lowing blood glucose. It represented the corresponding relation between the syndrome and efficacy in Chinese herb compounds.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of astragaloside IV (AS-Ⅳ) on human retinal pigment epithelium injury induced by methylglyoxal (MGO), and explore its molecular mechanism.Methods The injury of ARPE-19 cells was induced by MGO and the cell viability was measured by CCK-8 method.The morphology of cell nucleus was analyzed by Hoechst 33342 staining and the cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry to detect labbled Annexin V-FITC/PI.JC-1 staining and fluorescence probe DCFH-DA were employed to evaluate the change of mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS).The levels of SOD, MDA, caspase-9 and caspase-3 were determined by respective kits.Western blot was used to analyse the expression of Bcl-2, Bax and PARP.Results AS-Ⅳ could significantly inhibit the decrease of cell viability induced by MGO, improve the morphology of cell nucleus, reduce the ARPE-19 cell apoptosis rate and the level of ROS and MDA, and increase the activity of SOD.Furthermore, AS-Ⅳ could enhance mitochondrial membrane potential, the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and the expression of PARP, and inhibit the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3.Conclusion AS-Ⅳ may protect ARPE-19 cells from the injury induced by MGO by increasing the antioxidant ability of ARPE-19 cells and inhibiting cell apoptosis.

BACKGROUND:"Tendon off-position"is a disease name included in the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision,and also a clinical indication of manipulation,acupuncture and other treatments.However,its specific mechanism is still unclear.It is urgent to establish an animal model that can reflect the clinical and pathological characteristics of"tendon off-position,"so as to further study the mechanism of effective clinical treatments. OBJECTIVE:To establish an animal model of"tendon off-position"in rats based on isometric contraction of skeletal muscles,and to explore the changes of skeletal muscle function and morphological phenotype after"tendon off-position." METHODS:Sixty rats were randomly divided into control group,static-loading group and extra loading group,with twenty rats in each group.Rats in the control group were kept normally without treatment.In the latter two groups,the rats were fixed by the self-made static-loading modeling device and a static-loading(the body mass of each rats was applied as the static-loading)was applied to cause sustained isometric contraction of the upper limb muscles.Then,animal models of"tendon off-position"were successfully established.In the extra loading group,50%of the body mass was added to the ankle joint after modeling.The skeletal muscle samples were harvested at 2 and 4 weeks after modeling.The changes of limb grip strength,wet mass of skeletal muscle,and serum levels of creatine kinase-muscle and lactate dehydrogenase A were measured,and the changes of skeletal muscle histomorphology and ultrastructure were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 2 weeks after modeling,the rats in the static-loading group and extra loading group showed significantly decreased grip strength and wet muscle mass,significantly increased serum levels of creatine kinase-muscle and lactate dehydrogenase A,and abnormal muscle fiber morphology and structure accompanied by a large number of deposited collagen fibers.Electron microscopy results showed that the structure of myofibrils was disordered,the Z-line was distorted,and the light and dark boundaries were blurred.At 4 weeks after modeling,the grip strength of the model rats was increased compared with that at 2 weeks,the serum creatine kinase-muscle and lactate dehydrogenase A levels were decreased,and the changes of muscle fiber morphology and ultrastructure were recovered to varying degrees.It is suggested that the rat skeletal muscle injury model based on continuous isometric contraction of skeletal muscle can well reflect the pathological characteristics of"tendon off-position"at 2 weeks,and can be used to study the mechanism of acupuncture and manipulation in the treatment of"tendon off-position."

Based on the pathogenesis of “tendon off-position and joint subluxation”， combined with modern ana-tomy and biomechanics， the characteristic manifestations of “tendon off-position” and “joint subluxation” of the knee and the intrinsic connection between them are clarified. Through sorting out the relationship between “tendon off-position and joint subluxation” and knee osteoarthritis （KOA） in modern research， it is believed that “tendon off-position and joint subluxation” is the key mechanism for the occurrence and development of KOA， and accordingly， it is proposed to take the diet as the guide， use bone manipulation for external diagnosis and treatment， use traditional Chinese medicine decoction for internal treatment， and use Daoyin exercise throughout the whole process as the strategy for KOA's comprehensive traditional Chinese medicine treatment to improve the clinical effectiveness.